The Battle of Monte Porzio or Battle of Tusculum was fought between a small hill outside Tusculum and the city walls, location "Prataporci", on 29 May 1167. A Papal States force called the "greatest army which Rome had sent into the field in centuries"^[1] was defeated by the forces of the Holy Roman Emperor and the local princes. May 29 is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan Peter of Blois becomes the tutor of William II of Sicily Absalon, archbishop of Denmark, leads the first Danish synod at Lund Absalon fortifies Copenhagen William Marshal, the greatest knight that... Country Italy Region Latium Province Province of Rome (RM) Mayor Elevation 451 m Area 9. ... Tusculum, an ancient city of Latium, situated in a commanding position on the north edge of the outer crater ring of the Alban volcano, 18 km (11 miles) north-east of the modern Frascati. ... Lazio (Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Christian I (c. ... Rainald of Dassel (c. ... Oddone Frangipane (also Oddo or Otto) was the son of Leo and grandson of Cencio II of the Frangipani family. ... Tusculum, an ancient city of Latium, situated in a commanding position on the north edge of the outer crater ring of the Alban volcano, 18 km (11 miles) north-east of the modern Frascati. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan Peter of Blois becomes the tutor of William II of Sicily Absalon, archbishop of Denmark, leads the first Danish synod at Lund Absalon fortifies Copenhagen William Marshal, the greatest knight that... Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...

In 1167, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa set out on an expedition to Italy with the intent of deposing Pope Alexander III and setting up his antipope, Paschal III, in the Lateran. The Archchancellor Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne, and Christian of Buch, Archbishop of Mainz, were sent into Latium to take cities in opposition. On 18 May, Rainald took Civita Vecchia and then moved on to friendly Tusculum, possibly at the urging of Raino, Count of Tusculum. Rainald explained his move in a letter to Henry II of Limburg: Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan Peter of Blois becomes the tutor of William II of Sicily Absalon, archbishop of Denmark, leads the first Danish synod at Lund Absalon fortifies Copenhagen William Marshal, the greatest knight that... Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I (German: Friedrich I. von Hohenstaufen)(1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Friedrich Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... For the book by Robert Rankin, see The Antipope. ... Antipope Paschal III (or Paschal III) was Antipope from 1164 to September 20, 1168. ... Late Baroque façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, completed after a competition for the design by Alessandro Galilei in 1735 Lateran and Laterano are the shared names of several architectural projects throughout Rome and Vatican City. ... // History (Latin Archicancellarius) Effective An archichancellor is the highest chancellor of a major chancery See also Grand chancellor Honorary In the Holy Roman empire, the style Erzkanzler (literally archchancellor) was one of the Erzamter awarded as high profile sinecures to the Prince-Electors, and the only one with multiple incidence... Rainald of Dassel (c. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Christian I (c. ... Between 780/82 AD and 1802 AD the Archbishop of Mainz, was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince of the middle ages. ... Latium (Lazio in Italian) is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Civitavecchia is a town and comune of the province of Rome in the central Italian region of Lazio, a sea port on the Tyrrhenian sea WNW of Rome, 42°06N 11°47E. According to the 2003 census, its population was 50,100. ... Raino, also Rayno, Ranulf, or Reginulf (died after 1179), was the last count of Tusculum from an unknown date when he was first associated with his elder brother, Jonathan, to his own death. ... Henry II (c. ...

The Papal forces had meanwhile been harassing Tusculum, though Pope Alexander urged them to abstain from this. After Rainald's arrival, The papal states marched an army to besiege the chancellor in their ancient rival city.

Raino and Rainald then sent word to Christian, then besieging Ancona. Among Christian's army were Alexander II, Bishop of Liège, and Robert III of Loritello. According to Romuald of Salerno, also present with Christian's army was Andrew of Rupecanina. Christian's army consisted of 1,300 troops. According to Otto of St. Blasien, this was a combination of 500 milites and 800 Cæaesarianos. Otto also puts 300 men in Tusculum. Other chroniclers give the Germans 1,000 cavalry and some Brabantine mercenaries. The lowest total estimate for Christian's forces is 500 men. Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of central Italy, population 101,909 (2005). ... Robert II of Bassunvilla (also Basunvilla and Bassonville) (died in 1182) was the count of Conversano (from 1138) and Loritello (from 1154). ... Romuald Guarna (between 1110 and 1120 – 1 April 1181 or 1182) was probably the most eminent of the archbishops of Salerno in the Middle Ages. ... The ruins of the castle at Raviscanina. ... Otto of St. ... Look up Mile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Brabant is a former duchy in the Low Countries, and a former province of Belgium. ...

Christian encamped his army beside the hill and rested it for a day while trying to negotiate a resolution. The Papal army refused Christian's diplomatic overtures and instead attacked with a whole force numbering 40,000 on Whitsunday. The name of the leader of the Papal force is not preserved, but it may have been Oddo Frangipani. The imperialists were gravely outnumbered, but they prepared for battle anyway. The Brabançons were quickly routed, but the cavalry of Cologne stood up to the Papal infantry. Two charges from Tusculum divided the Romans: one hitting their flank and one running through the centre. The Papal cavalry fled the field and the Brabançons descended on the Papal camp. A third of the Papal host made it into the city walls before nightfall. Thousands were taken prisoner to Viterbo (including a son of Oddo Frangipani) and more left dead on the field and the road. The term Whitsunday may refer to: The Sunday of the feast of Whitsun or Pentecost in the Christian calendar, observed 50 days after Easter. ... Oddone Frangipane (also Oddo or Otto) was the son of Leo and grandson of Cencio II of the Frangipani family. ... Country Italy Region Lazio Province Viterbo (VT) Mayor Giampiero Gabbianelli Elevation 326 m Area 406,28 km² Population  - Total 60,537  - Density 148. ...

The pope and Oddo took refuge in the Coliseum and called in reinforcements. The city prepared for a siege. The army of the Emperor Frederick, however, was hit hard by an epidemic (malaria or plague) and had to withdraw his forces to Germany. Coliseum may refer to: The following structures: Araneta Coliseum, one of the biggest coliseums in Asia. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. ... The bubonic plague is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. ...

Notes

1. ^ Gregorovius. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. trans. Annie Hamilton. pg 580.

Ferdinand Gregorovius (January 19, 1821–May 1, 1891) was a German historian who specialized in the medieval history of Rome. ...

Sources

• Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. trans. Annie Hamilton. 1905.
• Ottonis de Sancto Blasio Chronica. trans. G. A. Loud.
• The Battle of Tusculum, 1167.