The Battle of Mount Dingjun (定軍山之戰) took place in year 219, during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle was fought between the kingdoms of Wei and Shu. The Shu victory at Mount Dingjun was a major stepping stone to the later conquest of Hanzhong, after which Liu Bei crowned himself King of Hanzhong. The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... Events May 16 - Heliogabalus is acclaimed as Roman Emperor. ... Events Legio III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Roman Emperor Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel. ... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about the Three Kingdoms state. ... The Kingdom of Shu (蜀 shǔ) (221 – 263) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Xiahou Yuan (? – 219) was a military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... The Yellow Turban Rebellion, sometimes also translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, (Simplified Chinese: 黄巾之乱; Traditional Chinese: 黃巾之亂; Pinyin: Huáng JÄ«n ZhÄ« Luàn) was a 184 AD peasant rebellion against Emperor Lingdi of the Han Dynasty of China. ... Combatants Anti-Dong Zhuo Coalition Dong Zhuo Commanders Yuan Shao Dong Zhuo The Campaign against Dong Zhuo in 190 was initiated by a coalition of regional officials hoping to end Chancellor Dong Zhuos influence in the ailing Han court in China. ... The Battle of Jie Bridge (Chinese: 界橋之戰, pinyin: Jièqiáo zhi zhàn) was a military engagement fought between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in 191, at the beginning of the civil wars in China leading up to the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Combatants Zhang Xiu Cao Cao Commanders Zhang Xiu Cao Cao The Battle of Wancheng (宛城之戰) was a historical battle fought in the later years of the Han Dynasty between the warlords Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu in 197. ... Combatants Yuan Shao Gongsun Zan Heishan bandits Commanders Yuan Shao Gongsun Zan† Zhang Yan The Battle of Yijing (易京之戰) took part shortly before the fall of the Han Empire in China, which began the era known as the Three Kingdoms. ... The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰) was a battle in Chinese history. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Cao Cao Ma Chao Commanders Cao Cao Ma Chao Strength  ? 100,000 Casualties  ?  ? {{{notes}}} The Battle of Tong Gate (潼關之戰) was a battle between Ma Chao and the warlord Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms Era in China. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Battle of Fancheng was a battle fought between the Shu and Wei kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Between 225 and 230, the Kingdom of Shu (a Chinese state that existed during the Three Kingdoms period) undertook a military campaign in its southern territories after incidents of rebellion by local governors (Zhu Bao, Gao Ding and Yong Kai) and intrusions by the Nanman (southern barbarians). Nanman was located... The Northern Expeditions (北伐) were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu against the northern state of Wei from A.D. 228 to 234. ... The Battle of Jieting was a battle fought during the First Northern Expedition led by Zhuge Liang. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Combatants Shu Han Cao Wei Commanders Zhuge Liang† Yang Yi, Fei Yi Sima Yi Strength 100,000 200,000 The Battle of Wuzhang Plains (五丈原之戰) is a famous standoff between the kingdoms of Wei and Shu in 234 A.D. during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... Events Legio III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Roman Emperor Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... This article is about the Three Kingdoms state. ... The Kingdom of Shu (蜀 shǔ) (221 – 263) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Mount Dingjun (定军山) is a mountain in the Mian County of Hanzhong, Shanxi, China. ...

The battle

In 217, Liu Bei led a force upon Hanzhong, which was under the control of Cao Cao. His force met with resistance led by Xiahou Yuan at Yangping Pass (陽平關). The confrontation dragged on for more than a year until one night, Liu Bei set fire to the barbed fence around Xiahou Yuan's camp at the foot of Mount Dingjun. Alarmed by the attack, Xiahou Yuan sent Zhang He to defend the eastern corner of the camp, while he guarded the south. Liu Bei's main force pressed against Zhang He, outmatching the latter. Xiahou Yuan had to dispatch a fraction of his own troops to Zhang He's rescue. Events Macrinus becomes Roman Emperor on the death of Caracalla. ... Hanzhong (Simplified Chinese: 汉中; Traditional Chinese: 漢中; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hanchung) is a city in Shaanxi province, in central China. ... Cáo Cāo (曹操; pinyin: Cáo Cāo; Wade-Giles: Tsao² Tsao¹) (155 – March 15, 220) was a regional warlord and the last Chancellor of Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty in ancient China. ... For the 15th Century fleet Admiral, see Zheng He Zhang He (張郃) (167 – 231) was a distinguished military general under the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. ...

Accompanied by drums, the division led by Huang Zhong then descended upon Xiahou Yuan's dwindling force. The battle became a rout and Xiahou Yuan was killed in battle. Huang Zhong (黄忠; style name: Hansheng 汉升) (? - 220), was born Nanyang (in modern day Henan province). ...

In fiction

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In chapter 71 of the historical novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Xiahou Yuan has his camp set up on Mount Dingjun, so he can easily see the Shu camp at the bottom of the mountain. At the advice of Fa Zheng, Huang Zhong moved his forces to Mount Tiandang, a nearby mountain with a higher peak. Xiahou Yuan cannot tolerate Shu having the vantage point, and decides to attack Mount Tiandang. Huang Zhong, however, keeps his forces back and will not engage the Wei soldiers. Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Chinese: 三國演義, 三国演义, pinyin: Sān Guó Yǎn Yì), written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a classical Chinese historical novel about the turbulent period often referred to as the Three Kingdoms (AD 220... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... Fǎ Zhèng(法正), courtesy name Xiàozhí (孝直), was born in about 175 A.D. in China during the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Mount Tiandang (天蕩山) is a mountain the Hanzhong region of China. ...

Later, Fa Zheng sees that Xiahou's forces were dispirited. He then signals Huang Zhong to attack Wei. Xiahou Yuan cannot respond in time and was killed by Huang Zhong, who cleaves Xiahou right beneath the shoulders.

Beijing opera

The battle is also famously reenacted in the Beijing opera scene, based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It was said that the actor acting as Xiahou Yuan would get a red envelope for his performance during Chinese new year, since it is considered bad fortune to be "killed" on stage at that time of the year. Notably, China's first film, The Battle of Dingjunshan (1905), was a recording of the Beijing opera depicting this battle. In Beijing, September 2002 Beijing opera or Peking opera (Simplified Chinese: 京剧; Traditional Chinese: 京劇; Pinyin: Jīngjù) is a kind of Chinese opera which arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court. ... Some examples of contemporary hong bao designs. ... Chinese New Year decoration in Londons Chinatown Hand-painted Chinese New Years poetry pasted on the sides of doors leading to peoples homes, Lijiang, Yunnan, China. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Chen, Shou "Sanguo Zhi"
• Luo, Guanzhong "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"