Battle of Nagashino
Part of the Sengoku period
General launching his troops to attack the castle of Nagashino in 1575, by Yoshitoshi
Date June 28, 1575 Location Nagashino, Mikawa Province, Japan Result Siege fails; Oda-Tokugawa victory
Combatants
Takeda forces	combined Oda-Tokugawa forces
Commanders
Takeda Katsuyori, Anayama Nobukimi, Takeda Nobukado, Takeda Nobutoyo	Oda Nobunaga, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Okudaira Sadamasa
Strength
15,000	38,000
Casualties
10,000 dead, incl. 54 samurai leaders Takeda Nobuzane Baba Nobufusa Yamagata Masakage Naito Masatoyo Hara Masatane Sanada Nobutsuna Sanada Masateru Kasai Mitsuhide Wada Narishige Yonekura Shigetsugu	Unknown

The Battle of Nagashino (長篠の戦い, Nagashino no Tatakai^?) took place in 1575 at Nagashino Castle in the Mikawa province of Japan. The castle had been under siege by Takeda Katsuyori since the 17th of June; Okudaira Sadamasa, a Tokugawa vassal, commanded the defending force. The castle was under attack because it threatened Takeda's supply lines. “Sengoku” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 417 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1612 × 2316 pixel, file size: 702 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Général lançant ses troupes à lassaut du château de Nagashino en 1575. ... Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (Owariya Yonejiro): 1839 - 1892 Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839 - June 9, 1892) (Japanese: 月岡 芳年; also named Taiso Yoshitoshi 大蘇 芳年) was the last great master - and one of the great innovative and creative geniuses - of the Japanese woodblock print, Ukiyo-e. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1575 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Mikawa (三河国, Mikawa no kuni) is an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. ... The Oda clan crest The Oda clan is a daimyo family descended from Taira no Sukemori. ... The Tokugawa clan crest The Tokugawa clan ) was a powerful daimyo family of Japan. ... ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass Statue of Takeda Katsuyori (Yamato, Yamanashi, Japan) Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼: 1546 – 1582) was the son of Takeda Shingen and father of Takeda Nobukatsu and Takeda Katsuchika. ... Anayama Nobukimi (穴山信君)(d. ... Takeda Nobukado (武田信廉)(d. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu The Tokugawa clan crest This is a Japanese name; the family name is Tokugawa Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu) January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until... Okudaira Sadamasa (1555 - 1615) The Okudaira family were originally retainers of the Tokugawa, but were forced to join Takeda Shingen. ... Baba Nobuharu )(d. ... Yamagata Masakage ) (1524-1575) was one of the 24 generals of the Takeda clan. ... Masatoyo was one of Takeda Shingens most reliable generals and fought in many of his battles. ... Sanada Nobutsuna ) (1537-1575), the eldest son of Sanada Yukitaka. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants forces of Imagawa Yoshimoto forces of Oda Nobunaga Commanders Imagawa Yoshimoto, Matsudaira Motoyasu Oda Nobunaga Strength ~25,000 ~3000 The battle of Okehazama (桶狭間の戦い Okehazama-no-tatakai) took place in June 1560. ... The second battle of Azukizaka took place in 1564, when Tokugawa Ieyasu sought to combat the growing threat of the Ikko-ikki, a sect of warrior monks who were strongly against samurai rule. ... Combatants Forces of Rokkaku Yoshisuke Forces of Oda Nobunaga Commanders Rokkaku Yoshisuke Shibata Katsuie Chōkōji was a castle captured by Oda Nobunaga from the Rokkaku (Sasaki) family. ... Combatants forces of Oda Nobunaga Kanagasaki garrison Commanders Toyotomi Hideyoshi Unknown The 1570 siege of Kanagasaki took place during Oda Nobunagas struggle against the Asakura clan in Echizen province. ... The Battle of Anegawa (姉川の戦い) took place in Japan. ... 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The Takeda (武田氏) was one of many families of daimyō (feudal lords) in Japans Sengoku period; its importance derives almost entirely from the power and fame of Takeda Shingen. ... Combatants Takeda clan Hōjō clan Commanders Takeda Nobutora Hōjō Ujitsuna The 1526 battle of Nashinokidaira was one of many battles fought between the Takeda and Hōjō clans in Japans Sengoku period. ... The battle of Un no Kuchi was the first major victory for Takeda Harunobu, aged fifteen at the time. ... The battle of Sezawa was one of many battles fought by Takeda Shingen in his bid to take control of Shinano Province. ... The siege of Uehara was the first of many steps taken by Takeda Shingen in his bid to seize control of Shinano Province. ... The siege of Kuwabara took place the day after the siege of Uehara; Takeda Shingen continued to gain power in Shinano Province by seizing Kuwabara castle from Suwa Yorishige. ... The siege of Fukuyo was the one of many steps taken by Takeda Shingen in his bid to seize control of Shinano Province. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... In the 1544 siege of Kojinyama, Takeda Shingen continued his invasion of Shinano Provinces Ima Valley, seizing Kojinyama fortress from the Tozawa family. ... Combatants forces of Takeda Shingen forces of Takatō Yoritsugu Commanders Takeda Shingen Takatō Yoritsugu The 1545 siege of Takatō castle marked the first time Takatō had been besieged. ... Combatants Forces loyal to Tozawa Yorichika Takeda family forces Commanders Unknown Takeda Shingen Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The 1545 siege of RyÅ«gasaki was one of many battles fought by Takeda Shingen in his bid to control Shinano Province during Japans Sengoku period. ... 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The Siege of Fukashi was fought in 1549 between the forces of Takeda Shingen and the forces of Ogasawara Nagatoki. ... Combatants forces of Takeda family forces of Murakami Yoshikiyo Commanders Sanada Yukitaka, Yokota Takatoshi Murakami Yoshikiyo Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown 1000+ killed The sieges of Toishi castle took place during Takeda Shingens campaign to take over Shinano Province. ... Combatants forces of Takeda Shingen Katsurao garisson Commanders Takeda Shingen Murakami Yoshikiyo The 1553 siege of Katsurao was simply one of many sieges undertaken by the warlord Takeda Shingen in his bid to gain control of Japans Shinano province. ... Combatants forces of Takeda Shingen Fukushima castle garrison Commanders Takeda Shingen Kiso Yoshiyasu The 1554 siege of Kiso-Fukushima was a siege by Takeda Shingen on Fukushima castle, in the Kiso River Valley of Shinano province. ... 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Combatants Uesugi clan castle garrison Combined Hōjō-Takeda clan forces Commanders Uesugi Norikatsu Hōjō Ujiyasu, Takeda Shingen The 1563 siege of Musashi-Matsuyama was a successful attempt by a combined Takeda clan-Hōjō clan army to regain Musashi-Matsuyama castle from the Uesugi clan; the Hōj... Combatants forces of Takeda Shingen Kuragano garrison Commanders Takeda Shingen Kuragano Naoyuki The 1565 siege of Kuragano was one of many battles fought during Takeda Shingens quest for power during Japans Sengoku period. ... Combatants Castle garrison Takeda forces Commanders Kamiizumi Hidetsuna, Nagano Narimori Takeda Shingen The 1566 siege of Minowa was one of several battles fought by the Takeda clan in their campaigns to seize the lands of the Uesugi clan, during Japans Sengoku period. ... Combatants forces of the Hōjō clan forces of Takeda Shingen Commanders Hōjō Ujikuni Takeda Shingen The first siege of Hachigata took place in 1568; Takeda Shingen laid siege to the castle, which was controlled by Hōjō Ujikuni, but were unable to capture it. ... Combatants Takeda forces forces of the Hōjō clan Commanders Takeda Shingen Strength Casualties The Siege of Odawara was fought in 1569 between the forces of Takeda Shingen and the Hojo clan. ... The Battle of Mimasetoge took place in 1569 in Japan. ... Combatants Takeda forces Hōjō forces Commanders Takeda Katsuyori Hōjō Tsunashige Strength Unknown 1000 The 1569 siege of Kanbara was one of many sieges undertaken by the Takeda clan against the territories of the Hōjō clan during Japans Sengoku period. ... Combatants Takeda forces Imagawa forces Commanders Takeda Shingen, Nagasaka Tsuruyasu, Hajikano Saemon Ohara Sukenaga The siege of Hanazawa the Siege of Hanazawa was a battle during the later years of the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. ... Combatants Hōjō clan castle garrison Takeda family forces Commanders Hōjō Tsunanari Takeda Shingen The 1571 siege of Fukazawa was one of a number of battles which formed Takeda Shingens campaigns against the Hōjō clan, during Japans Sengoku period. ... The Siege of Futamata was fought in 1572 between the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and the forces of Takeda Shingen. ... The battle of Mikata ga Hara was one of the most famous battles of Takeda Shingens campaigns, and one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based tactics. ... The Siege of Iwamura was fought in 1573 between the forces of Takeda Shingen and the castles garrison led by Toyama Kageto. ... Siege of Noda took place in 1573. ... Combatants forces loyal to the Takeda family forces loyal to Tokugawa Ieyasu Commanders Takeda Katsuyori Ogasawara Nagatada The first siege of Takatenjin occurred in 1574, when it was attacked by the forces of Takeda Katsuyori. ... Combatants Takeda clan Tokugawa clan Commanders Takeda Katsuyori Sakai Tadatsugu Strength Unknown 6000 The 1575 siege of Yoshida was undertaken by Takeda Katsuyori against the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu. ... Combatants Hojo forces Takeda forces Commanders Hojo Ujimasa Takeda Katsuyori The battle of Omosu the Battle of Omosu was a battle during the Azuchi-Momoyama period (16th century) of Japan. ... Combatants forces loyal to the Takeda Unknown Commanders Okabe Naganori Unknown Casualties 680 killed The second siege of Takatenjin came only six years after Takeda Katsuyori took the fortress. ... The Battle of Temmokuzan was fought in 1582 between the combined forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga and those of Takeda Katsuyori. ... Combatants Oda/Tokugawa forces Takeda remnants Commanders Oda Nobutada Takeda Morinobu The siege of Takatō was a one of the final battles of the Takeda clan against the forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu. ... Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu The Tokugawa clan crest This is a Japanese name; the family name is Tokugawa Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu) January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until... Combatants forces of Imagawa Yoshimoto forces of Oda Nobunaga Commanders Imagawa Yoshimoto, Matsudaira Motoyasu Oda Nobunaga Strength ~25,000 ~3000 The battle of Okehazama (桶狭間の戦い Okehazama-no-tatakai) took place in June 1560. ... Combatants Tokugawa clan forces Imagawa clan forces Commanders Tokugawa Ieyasu Imagawa Ujizane The 1569 siege of Kakegawa was one of many battles fought by the Imagawa clan against various invaders during Japans Sengoku period. ... 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Combatants forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu Commanders Ikeda Nobuteru, Hori Hidemasa Mizuno Tadashige, Tokugawa Ieyasu Strength Under 20,000 9000 Casualties The battle of Nagakute ), along with the preceding battle of Komaki, represents the climax of the conflict between two of Japans greatest warlords, Toyotomi Hideyoshi... Combatants Forces loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, many clans from Western Japan Forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Clans of Eastern Japan Commanders Ishida Mitsunari, Mōri Terumoto, others Tokugawa Ieyasu, others Strength 81,890 88,888 Casualties At least 40,000 dead Otani Yoshitsugu Shimazu Toyohisa Unknown; but not excessive The Battle... The siege of Osaka lasted from 1614 to 1615. ... Year 1575 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Mikawa (三河国, Mikawa no kuni) is an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. ... ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass Statue of Takeda Katsuyori (Yamato, Yamanashi, Japan) Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼: 1546 – 1582) was the son of Takeda Shingen and father of Takeda Nobukatsu and Takeda Katsuchika. ... Okudaira Sadamasa (1555 - 1615) The Okudaira family were originally retainers of the Tokugawa, but were forced to join Takeda Shingen. ... Tokugawa (徳川) is a surname in Japan. ... Himeji Castle in Hyōgo Prefecture is the most visited castle in Japan. ...

Both Tokugawa and Oda Nobunaga sent troops to alleviate the siege and Takeda Katsuyori was defeated. The victory of Oda's Western-style tactics and firearms over Takeda's cavalry charge is often cited as a turning point in Japanese warfare; many cite it as the first 'modern' Japanese battle. Ironically, while Takeda's cavalry charge represents the old, traditional, means of warfare, it was invented by his father, Takeda Shingen, less than a generation earlier. Nevertheless, while others had used firearms previously, Oda Nobunaga was the first to conceive of the wooden stockades and rotating volleys of fire which led to a decisive victory at Nagashino. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The battle

Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu brought a total force of 38,000 men to relieve the siege on the castle by Takeda Katsuyori. Of Takeda's original 15,000 besiegers, only 12,000 faced the Oda-Tokugawa army in this battle. The Oda and Tokugawa positioned their men across the plain from the castle, behind the Rengogawa, a small stream whose steep banks would slow down the cavalry charges for which the Takeda clan was known.

Seeking to protect his arquebusiers, which he would later become famous for, Nobunaga built a number of wooden stockades, setting up his gunners to attack the Takeda cavalry in volleys. The stockades served to blunt the force of charging cavalry, provide protection from sword blows and spear thrusts, and provide limited protection from arrows. Ports or gates in the staggered and overlapping stockades were positioned to channel the cavalry charges into lanes where they would be at a disadvantage to further gunfire, arrows, and sword and spear thrusts from the stockade's defenders. There were also approximately three gunmen for every four Takeda mounted samurai. Of Oda's forces, an estimated 1,000-1,500 troops were samurai arquebusiers (while most sources in English list 3,000 as the number of arquebusiers, the vast majority of Japanese historians now agree that the document used as a source for the number of guns deployed had the original number of 1,000 altered by an Edo period Tokugawa family historian to read as 3,000) and they were placed under the command of his horo-shu, or elite bodyguards. Oda sent out small forces against Takeda to feint frontal attacks, which caused Katsuyori to move against Oda's forces. Japanese arquebus of the Edo era (teppo) The arquebus (sometimes spelled harquebus, harkbus[1] or hackbut; possibly related to German Hakenbuechse or Dutch Haakbus) was a primitive firearm used in the 15th to 17th centuries. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Takeda's men emerged from the forest and found themselves 200-400 meters from the Oda-Tokugawa stockades. The short distance, great power of the Takeda cavalry charge, and the heavy rain, which Katsuyori assumed would render the matchlock guns useless, encouraged him to order the charge. Takeda's cavalry was feared by both the Oda and Tokugawa forces, who had suffered a defeat at the Battle of Mikata ga Hara. The battle of Mikata ga Hara was one of the most famous battles of Takeda Shingens campaigns, and one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based tactics. ...

The horses slowed to cross the stream, and were fired upon as they crested the streambed within 50 meters of the enemy. This was considered the optimum distance to penetrate the armor of the cavalry. In typical military strategy, the success of any cavalry charge depends on the infantry breaking ranks so that the cavalry can mow them down. If the infantry does not break, however, cavalry charges will often fail - with even trained warhorses refusing to advance into the solid ranks of opponents.^[1]

Between the ferocity of the arquebusiers’ attack and the rigid control of the horo-shu, the arquebusiers stood their ground, and were able to fire multiple volleys at the charging cavalry. Ashigaru spearmen stabbed through or over the stockades at any horses that made it past the initial volleys, and samurai, with swords and shorter spears, engaged in single combat with any Takeda warriors who made it past the wooden barricades. Strong defenses on the ends prevented the Takeda forces from flanking the stockades. By mid-afternoon, the Takeda broke, fled, and were pursued and cut-down without quarter. Takeda suffered a loss of 10,000 men, two-thirds of his original sieging force. Eight of his famous 'Twenty-Four Generals' were killed in this battle, including Baba Nobuharu, Yamagata Masakage, and Naito Masatoyo. The Japanese ashigaru (足軽) were conscripted foot-soldiers of medieval Japan. ... Baba Nobuharu (馬場信治)(d. ... Yamagata Masakage ) (1524-1575) was one of the 24 generals of the Takeda clan. ... Masatoyo was one of Takeda Shingens most reliable generals and fought in many of his battles. ...

The Effects

The Battle of Nagashino could very well be considered a turning point in Japanese history. Before, though they had participated before in battles, the emerging arquebusier were seen as largely unimportant due to the unreliable type of guns of the time (For example, the arquebuses tended to have a drastic recoil, they took a long time to load unless using the 'continuous fire' strategy (where one line would shoot and reload while the next line shot), when wet the guns were near useless, and the weapons tended to get overheated or parts would break off because of clogged gunpowder resulting in explosions of metal and wood in the face of the gunners themselves). After the Battle of Nagashino, arquebuses became a standard military asset in Japanese warfare. Though still rather faulty, the arquebus had proven that it could be very useful.

The defeat of the famous Takeda cavalry also signified a change in the general style of warfare, away from the more 'chivalric' cavalry combats and a melee-weapon infantry to a less personal, more industrialised warfare depending on advanced equipment and new tactics as much as on personal valor.

Modern recreations

The Battle of Nagashino is a large focus of many PlayStation 2 games, predominantly Koei's Kessen III and Samurai Warriors. If Shingen is the playable character in Samurai Warriors, there is a 'what-if' situation which examines what would have happened if he had not died: Shingen successfully reads the feint, and does not charge. It then starts raining, rendering the arquebuses worthless except as clubs. Only then would the Takeda cavalry charge, completely routing the Oda-Tokugawa. Likewise, this can be done in Uesugi Kenshin's Story in Samurai Warriors 2 where due to a historical tangent, Kenshin joins the living Shingen at Nagashino. (Although perhaps ironically or humorously, in at least one version of SW2's raining at Nagashino, Nobunaga responds by ordering his arquebusiers: "Simply use your rifles as clubs to beat them to death.") The PlayStation 2 , abbreviated PS2) is Sonys second video game console, the successor to the PlayStation and the predecessor to the PlayStation 3. ... Kessen III is a PlayStation 2 video-game produced by Koei. ... Samurai Warriors 2 (Sengoku Musou 2) PS2 Japanese game cover. ... Uesugi Kenshin February 18, 1530—April 19, 1578) was a warlord who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. ... Samurai Warriors 2 (Sengoku Musou 2 in Japan) is a sequel to the original Samurai Warriors, created by Koei and Omega Force. ...

The battle is recreated in the strategy game, Shogun: Total War, with the player taking control of Oda Nobunaga's troops. If players recreate Nobunaga's strategy utilizing Ashigaru spearmen and arquebusiers, they can defeat the powerful Takeda cavalry charge. Shogun: Total War Categories: Computer and video game stubs | Real-time strategy computer games ...

In film

The Battle of Nagashino and the last years of the Takeda clan are dramatised in Akira Kurosawa's 1980 film Kagemusha (Shadow Warrior). In the film, a wayward thief is recruited to impersonate the dead Takeda Shingen in the years preceding Takeda Katsuyori's defeat at Nagashino. At the end of the film, the thief witnesses the battle and at its end he is the last one to hold up the Takeda banner. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Akira Kurosawa , 23 March 1910—6 September 1998) was a prominent Japanese film director, film producer, and screenwriter. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Kagemusha ) is a 1980 film by Akira Kurosawa. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass ass Statue of Takeda Katsuyori (Yamato, Yamanashi, Japan) Takeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼: 1546 – 1582) was the son of Takeda Shingen and father of Takeda Nobukatsu and Takeda Katsuchika. ...

Dispute

The cavalry charge as shown in film and literature might not have happened at all. Arabian horses were not introduced into Japan until the 1800s. The Japanese domestic horses were not much bigger than donkeys. In the 1990s, a Japanese historian conducted a test and found that the Japanese domestic horse breed could not run faster than a human being and would not have been able to carry out any effective charge.^{[citation needed]} The Arabian horse is a breed of horse with a reputation for intelligence, high spirit, and outstanding stamina. ...

The literature that described the charges were not written until the 1700s, 200 years after the event, and were most likely romanticized for the benefit of the Tokugawa Shogunate.^{[citation needed]} The wartime record indicated that the Oda and Tokugawa forces had employed tactics such as concentrated attacks on Takeda's generals and heavy field fortification.

Further evidence that Japanese armed forces lacked an able cavalry force appeared in the subsequent war in Korea in the 1590s, as the Ming Chinese cavalry was unmatched in almost every engagement. Combatants Korea under the Joseon Dynasty , China under the Ming Dynasty, Jurchen tribes Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi Commanders Korea: King Seonjo Prince Gwanghae Yi Sun-sin†, Gwon Yul, Yu Seong-ryong, Yi Eok-gi†, Won Gyun†, Kim Myeong-won, Yi Il, Sin Rip†, Gwak Jae-u, Kim Shi-Min† China... Ming China under the Yongle Emperor Capital Nanjing (1368-1421) Beijing (1421-1644) Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1368-1398 Hongwu Emperor  - 1627-1644 Chongzhen Emperor History  - Established in Nanjing January 23, 1368  - Fall of Beijing 1644  - End of the Southern Ming April, 1662 Population  - 1393 est. ...

On the other hand, the largest proportion of nearly every samurai army of this period was dedicated to ashigaru armed with yari (pikes). This would suggest that cavalry was indeed a very potent force in samurai warfare which needed to be defended against, as demonstrated at the battle of Mikata ga Hara where a Takeda cavalry charge easily overran Tokugawa's unprepared forces. Also, the alleged 'actual' tactics of concentrated attacks on Takeda generals and heavy field fortification correspond with the wooden stockades and reported casualties in the standard account. The Japanese ashigaru (足軽) were conscripted foot-soldiers of medieval Japan. ... several yari, including one hafted with a simple crossbar straight yari head with saya Jumonji yari head use of yari in mock combat Yari (槍) is the Japanese term for spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. ... The battle of Mikata ga Hara was one of the most famous battles of Takeda Shingens campaigns, and one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based tactics. ...

References

• Lamers, Jereon P (2000). 'Japonius Tyrannus'. Leiden: Hotei Publishing.
• Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.
• Turnbull, Stephen (2000). 'Nagashino 1575: Slaughter at the Barricades'. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.