The Siege of Orléans was the first French victory of Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years' War and a turning point in that war between France and England. Following the death of Henry V of England, who had claimed the throne of France, Henry's infant son, later Henry VI of England, was named King of France. Charles the Dauphin, son of the previous French king Charles VI was weak, and did nearly nothing to utilise his claim, until Jeanne d'Arc, a 17-year-old shepherdess who claimed to hear the voice of God, persuaded him to take action. Download high resolution version (553x768, 135 KB)Jeanne dArc at the Siege of Orléans by Jules Eugène Lenepveu, painted 1886–1890. ... Image of Joan of Arc, painted between 1450 and 1500 (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490). ... A map of Europe in the 1430s, at the height of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War was a 116-year-long armed conflict between the Kingdom of England and France, beginning in 1337 and ending in 1453. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by... This article is about Orléans, France; for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation). ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1384/90-17 July 1453) was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years War. ... Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1388- November 3, 1428) was an English nobleman. ... William de la Pole, 4th Earl and 1st Duke of Suffolk (1396- May 2, 1450), was an important English soldier and commander in the Hundred Years War, and later Lord Chamberlain of England. ... Comte Jean de Dunois (Jean dOrléans) (November 23, 1402 - November 24, 1468) was the bastard of Louis dOrléans (Duc dOrléans 1372-1407) and Mariette dEnghien. ... Gilles de Rais (also spelled Raiz, Retz) (autumn of 1404 - October 26, 1440) was a French aristocrat, soldier, and at one time, a national hero. ... Image of Joan of Arc, painted between 1450 and 1500 (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490). ... A map of Europe in the 1430s, at the height of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War was a 116-year-long armed conflict between the Kingdom of England and France, beginning in 1337 and ending in 1453. ... The Battle of Sluys was a naval battle fought on Saturday, 24 June 1340. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Siege of Calais Conflict Hundred Years War Date Place Calais, France Result English victory The Siege of Calais in northern France began in 1346, towards the beginning of what would later be called the Hundred Years War. ... Battle of Poitiers Conflict Hundred Years War Date September 19, 1356 Place Near Maupertuis, 3km south of Poitiers, France Result Decisive English victory The Battle of Poitiers was fought between England and France on September 19, 1356, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred... The Battle of Auray took place on September 29, 1364 at the French town of Auray. ... The Battle of Agincourt was fought on October 25, 1415, Saint Crispins Day, in northern France as part of the Hundred Years War between the slightly outnumbered army of King Henry V of England (previously wrongly thought highly outnumbered, see below) and that of Charles VI of France, the... At the time of the Siege of Rouen (July 1418 - January 1419), the city had a population of 70,000, making it one of the leading cities in France, and its capture crucial to the Normandy campaign during the Hundred Years War. ... The Battle of Cravant was an encounter fought on July 31, 1423, during the Hundred Years War between English and French forces, a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies. ... Battle of Patay Conflict Hundred Years War Date 18 June 1429 Place South of Patay, slightly north of Orleans Result Catastrophic English defeat {{Campaignbox {{{campaign}}} }} After the Seige of Orleans and its relief by Joan of Arc, the French recaptured every English stronghold in the Loire valley. ... The Battle of Formigny (April 15, 1450) was a clash of the Hundred Years War. ... The Battle of Castillon was the last battle fought between the French and the English during the Hundred Years War. ... Image of Joan of Arc, painted between 1450 and 1500 (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490). ... A map of Europe in the 1430s, at the height of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War was a 116-year-long armed conflict between the Kingdom of England and France, beginning in 1337 and ending in 1453. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... Henry V Henry V, (August 9 or September 16, 1387 – August 31, 1422), King of England, son of Henry IV by Mary de Bohun, was born at Monmouth, Wales, in September 1387. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21/22, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471. ... Charles VII the Victorious, a. ... Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... Image of Joan of Arc, painted between 1450 and 1500 (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, Paris, AE II 2490). ...

The Dauphin's army, accompanied by Jeanne d'Arc, who had a flair for persuasion but no military ability, marched to Orléans, aiming to defend it against the English forces commanded by the Earl of Salisbury. Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury (1388- November 3, 1428) was an English nobleman. ...

On October 12, 1428, the siege began, with the Earl's forces attempting to surround the city, and to claim the fortified bridge across the Loire. They seized the bridge on the 24th, but the Earl was killed in the process. The Duke of Suffolk replaced him as commander temporarily, and was later replaced himself by the Earl of Shrewsbury. The English numbers were insufficient to truly invest and surround the city, and their cannon were incapable of breaking the thick stone city walls. Nevertheless, by spring of 1429, despite several supply runs by the French, the city's situation was growing desperate. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ... Loire is a département in the east-central part of France occupying the Loire Rivers upper reaches. ... William de la Pole, 4th Earl and 1st Duke of Suffolk (1396- May 2, 1450), was an important English soldier and commander in the Hundred Years War, and later Lord Chamberlain of England. ... John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1384/90-17 July 1453) was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years War. ... Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by...

Inexplicably, the Dauphin granted Jeanne d'Arc co-command of 4,000 men, along with Jean Dunois. As they approached the city, Jeanne demanded of the English their withdrawal; she was of course refused. The voices she claimed to hear told her to attack the English from the north, and she persuaded her co-commander and other officers to take this course of action; the French forces entered the city on April 29, 1429. Comte Jean de Dunois (Jean dOrléans) (November 23, 1402 - November 24, 1468) was the bastard of Louis dOrléans (Duc dOrléans 1372-1407) and Mariette dEnghien. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by...

On May 1, Jeanne rode out of the city, and lent aid to the French assault on the English-held fort of St. Loup, killing all the English defenders and suffering only two French casualties. Over the course of the next week, in a number of sorties, Jeanne led the French to victory, seizing several forts the English had taken, as well as the bridge over the Loire. The bridge was burned, and by May 9, the English were in retreat. May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... Loire is a département in the east-central part of France occupying the Loire Rivers upper reaches. ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (130th in leap years). ...

The French victory at Orléans was a major turning point for the French, as it energized the supporters of the Dauphin, if not the Prince himself. Soon after Orléans, Charles was crowned king at Rheims, and the French went on to victories at Paris and Patay. Jeanne d'Arc was captured by the Burgundians, and turned over to the English, who found her innocent of witchcraft but guilty of schism (going against the Papacy and Church dogma by following the voice of God directly), and executed her. Reims (English traditionally Rheims) is a city of north-eastern France, 98 miles east-northeast of Paris. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Patay is a village and a commune of the Loiret département, in north central France, northwest of Orléans. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy ( French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts ( Gauls), Romans ( Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. ... The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ...

References

• Davis, Paul K. (2001). "Besieged: 100 Great Sieges from Jericho to Sarajevo." Oxford: Oxford University Press.