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The Battle of Patay (18 June 1429) was a major battle in the Hundred Years' War between the French and English in north-central France. It was a decisive victory for the French and turned the tide of the war. Although credited to Joan of Arc, most of the fighting took place at the vanguard and the battle was over before the main French forces arrived. A map of Europe in the 1430s, near the end of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War is the name modern historians have given to what was actually a series of related conflicts, fought over a 116-year period, between England and France, and later Burgundy; beginning in...
File links The following pages link to this file: Battle of Patay ...
June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ...
Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by...
Patay is a village and a commune of the Loiret département, in north central France, northwest of Orléans. ...
This article is about Orléans, France; for other meanings see Orleans (disambiguation). ...
Motto: French: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité (English: Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood) Anthem: La Marseillaise Capital Paris 48°51′ N 2°20′ E Largest city Paris Official language French1 Government • President • Prime Minister Unitary republic Jacques Chirac Dominique de Villepin Formation 843 (Treaty of Verdun) (5th Republic: 1958) Area • Total2 • Metropolitan France3 674...
Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages None official English de facto Capital None official London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001...
La Hire (c. ...
Poton de Xaintrailles (1390-1461) was one of the chief lieutenants of Joan of Arc. ...
Sir John Fastolf (d. ...
A map of Europe in the 1430s, near the end of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War is the name modern historians have given to what was actually a series of related conflicts, fought over a 116-year period, between England and France, and later Burgundy; beginning in...
The Battle of Sluys was a naval battle fought on Saturday, 24 June 1340. ...
Combatants Kingdom of England France, Genoese Mercanaries, the Kingdoms of Navarre, Bohemia and the Balearic Islands Commanders Edward III of England Philip VI of France Strength about 12,000 30,000 to 40,000 Casualties 150-1,000 killed and wounded 6,000-20,000 killed and wounded The Battle...
Combatants England France Commanders Edward III of England Jean de Fosseux Strength 34,000 men:5300 knights, 6600 infantry, 20,000 archers, 2,000 Flemish soldiers 7,000 to 8,000 citizens Casualties ? ? The Siege of Calais in northern France began in 1346, towards the beginning of what would later...
The Battle of Poitiers was fought between England and France on September 19, 1356, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years War. ...
The Battle of Auray took place on September 29, 1364 at the French town of Auray. ...
Combatants Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Commanders Henry V of England Charles dAlbret Strength 5,900 troops 900 men-at-arms and 5,000 archers (Longbowmen) 36,000 troops 11,200 mounted men-at-arms, 18,000 dismounted men-at-arms, 6,800 crossbowmen(few archers) Casualties 150...
At the time of the Siege of Rouen (July 1418 - January 1419), the city had a population of 70,000, making it one of the leading cities in France, and its capture crucial to the Normandy campaign during the Hundred Years War. ...
The Battle of Baugé, fought between the English and the Franco-Scots on March 21, 1421 in Baugé, France, east of Angers, was one of the first defeats for England during the Hundred Years War. ...
The Siege of Meaux was fought in 1422 between the English and the French. ...
The Battle of Cravant was an encounter fought on July 31, 1423, during the Hundred Years War between English and French forces, a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies. ...
The Battle of Verneuil (occasionally Vernuil) was a battle of the Hundred Years War, fought on 17 August 1423 near Verneuil in Normandy and was a significant English victory. ...
The Siege of Orléans was the first French victory of Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years War and a turning point in that war between France and England. ...
Combatants Burgundy England Kingdom of France Commanders ? Joan of Arc Strength Casualties ? Joan of Arc captured {{{notes}}} The Battle of Compiègne was fought on May 23, 1430 between French and Burgundian forces. ...
Combatants Kingdom of France England Commanders La Hire ? The Battle of Gerbevoy was fought in 1435 between French and English forces. ...
The Battle of Formigny (April 15, 1450) was a clash of the Hundred Years War. ...
Combatants England France Brittany Commanders John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury Charles VII of France Strength 4,000-6,000 8,000 - 13,000 Casualties 4,000 mainly wounded or captured 100 dead or wounded The Battle of Castillon was the last battle fought between the French, the Bretons and...
June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ...
Events January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the Earl of Suffolks army at Orleans from attack by...
A map of Europe in the 1430s, near the end of the Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War is the name modern historians have given to what was actually a series of related conflicts, fought over a 116-year period, between England and France, and later Burgundy; beginning in...
It has been suggested that Saint Joan of Arc be merged into this article or section. ...
Background After the relief of the Siege of Orléans, the French recaptured several English strongholds in the Loire valley. This regained bridges for the subsequent French assault on English and Burgundian territory to the north. Nearly all of France north of the Loire river was under foreign control. The French victory at Orléans had destroyed the only French-controlled bridge. Three smaller battles had recovered bridges along the Loire. Combatants England France Commanders Earl of Shrewsbury Earl of Salisbury Duke of Suffolk Jean de Dunois Gilles de Rais Joan of Arc Strength 5,000 6,400 soldiers, 3,000 armed citizens Casualties 4,000+ 204+ The Siege of Orléans (1428 - 1429) marked a turning point in the Hundred...
Loire is a département in the east-central part of France occupying the Loire Rivers upper reaches. ...
Burgundian is either of the following; An extinct language of the Germanic language group spoken by the Burgundians. ...
The French Loire campaign of 1429 consisted of five actions:
- 1. The Siege of Orléans.
- 2. The Battle of Jargeau.
- 3. The Battle of Meung-sur-Loire.
- 4. The Battle of Beaugency.
- 5. The Battle of Patay.
The Battle of Patay took place the day after the English surrender at Beaugency. This final battle was the only one of the five where both armies fought on open country. Patay bears comparison to the famous English victory at Agincourt. The English attempted the same tactics here, which had been enormously successful for eighty three years (since the Battle of Crecy in 1346). The Siege of Orl ans was the first French victory of Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years War and turning point of great war between France and England. ...
Combatants France England Commanders Joan of Arc, Duke John II of Alençon William de la Pole Strength 1,200 700 Casualties ? 300-400 The Battle of Jargeau took place on June 11 - 12, 1429. ...
Combatants France England Commanders Joan of Arc, Duke John II of Alençon John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, Thomas Scales. ...
Combatants France England Commanders Joan of Arc, John II of Alençon John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury The Battle of Beaugency took place on 16 - 17 June, 1429. ...
Agincourt can refer to: an alternative name for Azincourt, a commune of the Pas-de-Calais département in northern France, and the site of the Battle of Agincourt Agincourt, Meurthe-et-Moselle a commune of the Meurthe_et_Moselle département in northeastern France Agincourt, Ontario The Battle of Agincourt, October 25, 1415. ...
This time the French victory would be as lopsided as their defeat had been at Agincourt and the effect of the battle would be similarly far reaching. Orléans had demonstrated that the French could win against the English in siege warfare. Jargeau, Meung-sur-Loire, and Beaugency had been minor battles. Patay decimated the numbers of the highly skilled English longbow corps with the main English army on the field. The English longbow, also called the Welsh longbow, was a powerful type of longbow (a tall bow for archery) about 2. ...
No other country in Europe used the longbow as extensively as England. Although the weapon was relatively inexpensive to produce, the cost of keeping longbowmen was prohibitive. The constant training needed to operate the weapon required the maintenance of a standing army. During the late middle ages most soldiers warred seasonally. Campaigns often ended in time for the fall harvest. Longbowmen and nobles were the only truly career soldiers. There was some resentment from the latter as infringement on class prerogative. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
The longbow corps had two weaknesses: its lightly armored men were poor defenders in close combat and extensive training slowed the production of new longbowmen. The French army exploited both of these weaknesses in 1429.
Tactics An English reinforcement army under Sir John Fastolf departed from Paris following the defeat at Orléans. The French had moved swiftly, capturing three bridges and accepting the English surrender at Beaugency the day before Fastolf's army arrived. The French knew that they could not win against a readied English army on open land. So they scoured the area in hopes of finding the English before battle preparations were complete. Sir John Fastolf (d. ...
The English reconnoitered with remaining defenders at Meung-sur-Loire. The French had taken only the bridge at this location, not the neighboring castle or the town. Retreating defenders from Beaugency joined them. The English excelled at open battles. They took up a position whose exact location is unknown but traditionally believed to be near the tiny village of Patay. Fastolf, John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Sir Thomas Scales commanded the English. John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (1384/90-17 July 1453) was an important English military commander during the Hundred Years War. ...
The standard defensive tactic of the English longbowmen was to drive pointed stakes into the ground near their positions. This prevented cavalry charges and slowed infantry long enough to eliminate assailants. The English bowmen disclosed their position before preparations were complete.
A stag wandered onto the field near the English army. The archers raised a hunting cry and attacked it as sport. This alerted nearby French scouts.
About 1,500 men under captains La Hire and Poton de Xaintrailles, composing of the vanguard of the French army, attacked the unprepared English. This soon turned into a rout. Every Englishmen with a horse fled under the mounted assault while the infantry, mostly composed of the famed English longbowmen, were cut down. For once the French tactic of a large frontal cavalry assault succeeded, with startling results. La Hire (c. ...
Poton de Xaintrailles (1390-1461) was one of the chief lieutenants of Joan of Arc. ...
Aftermath Both Talbot and Shrewsbury became French prisoners along with many other notable English. Fastolf escaped with a small band of men to disgrace. John, Duke of Bedford blamed Fastolf for the defeat and stripped his knighthood. This was the beginning of his somewhat undeserved reputation as the legendary Falstaff. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford also known as John Platagenet (June 20, 1389 - September 14, 1435) was the fourth son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent for his nephew, King Henry VI of England. ...
Sir John Falstaff is a fictional character who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare primarily as a companion to Prince Hal, the future King Henry V. Round and glorious, tradition holds that Shakespeare wrote the part for his second comedian, a fat man, John Heminges, who played a bold...
As the concluding action of the French offensive along the Loire, Patay left the English army in short supply of two of its most important elements: commanders and longbowmen. This victory permitted the French army to march northward to Rheims without further bloodshed and hold the coronation of Charles VII of France, which settled the disputed succession to the French throne. Reims (English traditionally Rheims) is a city of north-eastern France, 98 miles east-northeast of Paris. ...
Charles VII the Victorious, a. ...
Bibliography - Devries, Kelly. Joan of Arc: A Military Leader (Glaucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 1999). ISBN 0750918055
- Richey, Stephen W. Joan of Arc: The Warrior Saint. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003). ISBN 0275981037
- Allmand, C. The Hundred Years War: England and France at War c. 1300 – 1450. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). ISBN 0521319234
See also Medieval warfare is the warfare of the European Middle Ages. ...
Patay is a village and a commune of the Loiret département, in north central France, northwest of Orléans. ...
Joan of Arcs signature, detail from a surving document. ...
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