| Pea Ridge Campaign | | Pea Ridge | The Battle of Pea Ridge (also known as Elkhorn Tavern) was a land battle of the American Civil War, fought on March 7 and March 8, 1862, at Pea Ridge in northwest Arkansas, near Bentonville. In the battle, Union Army forces led by General Samuel R. Curtis defeated Confederate troops under General Earl Van Dorn. The outcome of the battle essentially cemented Union control of Missouri. One notable fact of this battle is that it was one of the few in which a Confederate Army outnumbered a Union Army. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
Download high resolution version (900x619, 463 KB)TITLE: Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark. ...
is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about 1862 . ...
Benton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. ...
Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic - President George W. Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...
Samuel R. Curtis (1805 - December 26, 1866) was an American military officer, most famous for his role in the American Civil War. ...
Earl Van Dorn Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820 – May 7, 1863) was a Confederate Major General during the American Civil War. ...
The Army of the Southwest was a Union Army that served in the Trans-Mississippi Theater during the Civil War. ...
The Army of the West, a unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War, was created on Jan 29, 1862. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about 1862 . ...
Pea Ridge is a city located in Benton County, Arkansas. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Largest metro area Little Rock Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 29th - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 km²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 261 miles (420 km) - % water 2. ...
Sam Waltons original Waltons Five and Dime, now the Wal-Mart Visitors Center, in the center of Bentonville Monument in homage to James H. Berry, the Confederacy, and the Southern Soldier, called by many Feddy, located in the town square of Bentonville, facing the Wal-Mart Visitor...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
Samuel R. Curtis (1805 - December 26, 1866) was an American military officer, most famous for his role in the American Civil War. ...
Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was organized in February 1861 to defend the newly formed Confederate States of America from military action by the United States government. ...
Earl Van Dorn Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820 – May 7, 1863) was a Confederate Major General during the American Civil War. ...
In this map: Union states prohibiting slavery Union territories Border states on the Union side which allowed slavery Kansas, which entered and fought with the Union as a free state after the Bleeding Kansas crisis The Confederacy Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories During the American Civil War, the Union...
Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area Ranked 21st - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 300 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
Background
Union Union forces in Missouri during the latter part of 1861 and early 1862 had effectively pushed Confederate forces out of the state. By the spring of 1862, Union Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis determined to pursue the Confederates back into Arkansas with his Army of the Southwest. A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ...
The Army of the Southwest was a Union Army that served in the Trans-Mississippi Theater during the Civil War. ...
Curtis moved his approximately 10,500 Union soldiers and 50 artillery pieces into Benton County, Arkansas, along a small stream called Sugar Creek. Union forces consisted primarily of soldiers from Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio. Over half of the Federal soldiers were German immigrants. Benton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Des Moines Largest city Des Moines Area Ranked 26th - Total 56,272 sq mi (145,743 km²) - Width 310 miles (500 km) - Length 199 miles (320 km) - % water 0. ...
For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) English[1] Capital Springfield Largest city Chicago Largest metro area Chicago Metropolitan Area Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq mi (140,998 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 390 miles (629 km) - % water 4. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area Ranked 21st - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 300 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
Official language(s) English de facto Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Greater Cleveland Area Ranked 34th - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²) - Width 220 miles (355 km) - Length 220 miles (355 km) - % water 8. ...
German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry. ...
Curtis found an excellent defensive position on the north side of the creek and proceeded to fortify it and place artillery for an expected Confederate assault from the south.
Confederacy
 Plan of the Battlefield of Pea Ridge Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn had been appointed overall commander of the Trans-Mississippi District to quell a simmering conflict between competing generals Sterling Price of Missouri and Benjamin McCulloch of Texas. Van Dorn's Army of the West totaled approximately 16,000 men, including 800 Cherokee Indian troops, contingents from the Missouri State Guard, Confederate cavalry, infantry and artillery from Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and Missouri. Download high resolution version (2000x1462, 2077 KB)Map showing the system of rebel fortifications on the Mississippi River at Island No. ...
Download high resolution version (2000x1462, 2077 KB)Map showing the system of rebel fortifications on the Mississippi River at Island No. ...
Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ...
The Trans-Mississippi Department, also known as the Trans-Mississippi Theater or Trans-Mississippi District, was the Confederate military designation for the geographic area of operations west of the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. ...
General Price Sterling Old Pap Price (September 20, 1809 – September 29, 1867) was an antebellum politician from the U.S. state of Missouri and a Confederate major general during the American Civil War. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area Ranked 21st - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 300 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811–March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, U.S. marshal, and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. ...
Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area Ranked 2nd - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
The Army of the West, a unit of the Union Army during the American Civil War, was created on Jan 29, 1862. ...
For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation). ...
The Missouri State Guard (MSG) was a state militia unit organized in the state of Missouri during the early days of the American Civil War. ...
Van Dorn was aware of the Union movements into Arkansas and was intent on destroying Curtis's Army of the Southwest and reopening the gateway into Missouri.
Prelude General Van Dorn did not wish to attack Curtis's entrenched position head on. On March 4, 1862, he split his army into two divisions under Price and McCulloch and ordered them to march north along the Bentonville Detour with the hopes of getting behind Curtis and cutting off his lines of communication. Van Dorn left his supply trains behind in order to make better speed, a decision that later proved to be a crucial one. is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about 1862 . ...
The Confederates made an arduous three day forced march down the Bentonville Cutoff from Fayetteville in the midst of a freezing storm. Many of the Confederate soldiers were ill-equipped and barefoot, and it was said that one could find the army by following the bloody footprints in the snow. The Confederates arrived at their destination strung out along the road, hungry and tired. Fayetteville is a college town in Washington County, Arkansas, USA and home to the University of Arkansas. ...
Compounding the Confederate problems was the late arrival of McCulloch, which led Van Dorn to split his forces in two. Van Dorn ordered McCulloch to circle around the western end of Pea Ridge, turn east along the south face and meet Price's division at Elkhorn Tavern. Van Dorn and Price would travel east along the north face of the ridge, secure Elkhorn Tavern, and wait for McCulloch.
These delays allowed Curtis to begin repositioning his army to meet the unexpected attack from his rear and get his forces between the two wings of Van Dorn's forces.
Battle
Left wing McCulloch's force consisted of a division of cavalry under General James McIntosh, a division of infantry under Col. Louis Hébert, and a brigade of Cherokee under Brigadier General Albert Pike. McCulloch's troops swung westward around Pea Ridge and plowed into elements of the Federal Army at a small village named Leetown, where a fierce firefight erupted. Louis Hébert Louis Hébert (1820–1901) was an American educator, civil engineer, writer and soldier who became a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
McCulloch and McIntosh were killed in action soon after the clash began, and Colonel Hébert was captured. These events effectively shattered the Confederate command structure, and they were unable to organize an effective attack in the resulting chaos.
Right wing On the other side of Pea Ridge, Van Dorn and Price encountered the Federals near Elkhorn Tavern. Van Dorn ordered an attack, and by nightfall the Confederates succeeded in pushing the Union forces back. They seized the Telegraph and Huntsville Roads and succeeded in cutting Curtis's lines of communication at Elkhorn Tavern. The survivors from McCulloch's command joined Van Dorn at the tavern during the night.
Colonel Stand Watie led his Mounted Rifles regiments against Union Artillery positions set up in the battlefield. Watie also covered the Confederate retreat at the battle and later was sent west to fight. Stand Watie Stand Watie (12 December 1806 – 9 September 1871) (also known as Degataga stand firm and Isaac S. Watie) was a leader of the Cherokee Nation and a brigadier general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. ...
Federal counterattack On the morning of March 8, Curtis massed his artillery near the tavern and launched a counterattack in an attempt to recover his supply lines. Leading the attack was Curtis's second-in-command, Franz Sigel. The massed artillery combined with cavalry and infantry attacks began to crumple the Confederate lines. By noon Van Dorn realized that he was low on ammunition and that his supply trains were miles away with no hope of arriving in time to resupply his men. Despite outnumbering his opponent, Van Dorn withdrew down the Huntsville Road. is the 67th day of the year (68th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Franz Sigel Franz Sigel (November 18, 1824 – August 21, 1902) was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union general in the American Civil War. ...
Aftermath
 Pea Ridge National Military Park Approximately 2,000 Confederates fell in the Battle at Pea Ridge, including a large number of officers. Federal forces suffered approximately 1,400 casualties. Pea Ridge from National Park Service File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Pea Ridge from National Park Service File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
With the defeat at Pea Ridge, the Confederates never again seriously threatened the state of Missouri. Within weeks Van Dorn's army was transferred across the Mississippi River to bolster the Army of Tennessee, leaving Arkansas virtually defenseless. For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...
The Army of Tennessee was formed in November 1862. ...
With his victory, Curtis proceeded to move farther into undefended Arkansas with the hope of capturing Little Rock. Location in Pulaski County, Arkansas Coordinates: , Country State County Pulaski Founded 1821 Incorporated 1831 Government - Mayor Mark Stodola Area - City 116. ...
The battlefield at Pea Ridge is now Pea Ridge National Military Park. The park is known as one of the best preserved Civil War battlefields. A reconstruction of Elkhorn Tavern, scene of the heaviest fighting, is present at its original location. The park also includes a 2.5 mile (4 km) section of the Trail of Tears. Pea Ridge National Military Park a unit of the National Park Service. ...
For the Norwegian musical group, see Trail of Tears (band). ...
See also It is proposed that this article be deleted, because of the following concern: just a list of names - context not even given If you can address this concern by improving, copyediting, sourcing, renaming or merging the page, please edit this page and do so. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
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