The Battle of Philiphaugh was fought on September 13th, 1645 during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and took place outside the town of Philiphaugh near Selkirk in Scotland between the armies of the Royalist Marquis of Montrose, and the Covenanter army of General Leslie. September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill. ... The Wars of the Three Kingdoms include an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Ireland, and England between 1639 and 1651 which included the Bishops Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644-5; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642-9 and... Map sources for Selkirk at grid reference NT469286 Selkirk is a royal burgh in the Scottish Borders, and historically the county town of Selkirkshire. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ... The noun or adjective, Royalist, can have several shades of meaning. ... James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 - 21 May 1650), was a Scottish nobleman and soldier, who initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed. ... The Covenanters, named after the Solemn League and Covenant, were a party that, originating in the Reformation movement, played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent in that of England, during the 17th century. ... See also David Leslie the Scottish rugby player. ...

In 1645 Leslie defeated the Earl of Montrose at Philiphaugh (September, 1645) and in 1647 became Lieutenant General of the Scots army. // Events March 14 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. ...

By 1642 Montrose was already popular amongst his people and was ready to break with the Covenanters and in 1643 was with Charles I in Oxford to return the same year to fight for the King in Scotland. In 1644, he raised a Royalist army and started the Scottish Civil War. Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... The Covenanters, named after the Solemn League and Covenant, were a party that, originating in the Reformation movement, played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent in that of England, during the 17th century. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Charles I (19 November 1600–30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625, until his death. ... Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... Map of Scotland The Scottish Civil War The Scottish Civil War of 1644-47 was part of wider conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which included the Bishops Wars, the English Civil War and Irish Confederate Wars. ...

The downfall of the Marquis however came at the battle of Philiphauge, which was fought on the plain facing the north side of the Ettrick on September 13th, 1645. The Earl had taken up his quarters, with his cavalry in the town of Selkirk, whilst his infantry, amounting to around 12-15000 men, were billeted on the town of Philiphaugh.-1... Infantry, thought to be of the Royal Irish Rifles, in the First World War Infantry are soldiers who fight primarily on foot, although modern infantry may be transported in any number of fashions. ...

General Leslie arrived at nearby Melrose the evening before the decisive engagement, and taking full strategic advantage of the thick Scottish mist that had rolled in, was able to reach the Marquis’s encampment ‘without being described by a single scout’. Melrose is a small, historic town on the Scottish Borders. ...

The surprise was complete, and before the Earl, who had been alarmed by the unexpected sound of repeated gunshots was to reach the scene of battle it was already to late, for on arrival he beheld his army ‘dispersed in irretrievable Rout’.

After a desperate but unavailing attempt to retrieve the flagging fortunes of his day he heroically cut his way through a body of Leslie’s troopers, but was compelled to retreat over Minchmore toward Peebles. This defeat conclusively sank the fruit of Montrose’s six former victories and effectively ruined the Royal cause in Scotland. Old Parish Church, Peebles Location within the British Isles. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ...

The battlefield now lies in Scottish Borders. Scottish Borders (Na Crìochan na h-Alba in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland. ...

Source: Max Hastings; ‘The King’s Champion’.