NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Battle of Posada

The Battle of Posada (November, 1330) was a battle between the Wallachian Prince Basarab I and Charles I Robert, which resulted in a major Wallachian victory. The Hungarian defeat would be a turning point in the politics of Hungary, as they had to abandon their hopes of extending their kingdom to the Black Sea. For Wallachia, the victory meant the continual survival of the young state. Some historians claim that the Cumans aided the Wallachians in the battle, while the Avars aided the Hungarians. The location of the battle is still debated among historians. One theory gives the location of the battle at Loviştea, in some mountain gorges, in the valley of Olt, Transylvania.^[1] In 1324, Wallachia was a vassal of Hungary, and Basarab referred to Robert as "our Transalpine Voivode."^[2] The war started with encouragement from the Voivode of Transylvania^[3] and a certain Dionisie, who later bore the title Ban of Severin.^[4], In 1330, Robert captured the Wallachian citadel of Severin and handled it to the Transylvanian Voivode.^[5] Basarab sent envoys that asked for the hostilities to cease, and in return offered to pay 7,000 marks in silver, submit the fortress of Severin to Robert, and send his own son as hostage.^[6] According to the Viennese Illuminated Chronicle, a contemporary account, Robert would have said about Basarab: "He is the shepherd of my sheep, and I will take him out of his mountains, dragging him off his beard". Another account writes that Robert said "that he will drag the Voivode from his cottage, as would any driver his oxen or shepherd his sheep."^[7] Image File history File links MolnÃ¡r_JÃ³zsef_Carol_Robert_fleeing_from_Posada_Battle. ... Image File history File links MolnÃ¡r_JÃ³zsef_Carol_Robert_fleeing_from_Posada_Battle. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ... OLT (Ostfriesische Lufttransport) is a scheduled and charter airline based in Emden in Germany. ... The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar KirÃ¡lysÃ¡g) is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918. ... This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania. ... Charles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291â€“VisegrÃ¡d, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ... Posada Battle Basarab I was an early ruler of the principality of Wallachia, known as ÃŽntemeietorul (The Founder) (c. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ... This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania. ... Posada Battle Basarab I was an early ruler of the principality of Wallachia, known as ÃŽntemeietorul (The Founder) (c. ... Charles I of Hungary Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291â€“VisegrÃ¡d, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Cumans, also called as Polovtsy, (Russian ÐŸÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ†Ñ‹, from old Slavic for pale yellowish) was the European name for the Western Kipchaks, a nomadic West Turkic tribe living on the north of the Black Sea along the Volga. ... Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... OLT (Ostfriesische Lufttransport) is a scheduled and charter airline based in Emden in Germany. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: or Erdelj / Ð•Ñ€Ð´ÐµÑ™) is a historical region in the center of Romania. ... Events Publication of Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua Mansa Kankan Musa I, ruler of the Mali Empire arrives in Cairo on his hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or Transilvania; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: or Erdelj / Ð•Ñ€Ð´ÐµÑ™) is a historical region in the center of Romania. ... Severin may confer to a region in Romania: Drobeta-Turnu Severin a town in Croatia: Severin, Croatia a German electric appliance manufacturer, Severin Elektro GmbH an American radio show host Jay Severin a character in the novel Venus in Furs by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch This is a disambiguation page... the army of Charles Robert Anjou ambushed by Basarabs army at Posada The Vienna Illuminated Chroncle or Chronicle of the Hungarians, in Latin: Chronicon Pictum Vindobonense, or Chronica Hungarorum is the most widely-read narrative of early Hungarian history. ...

The King's councillors begged him to accept the offer or give a milder reply, but he refused and lead his 30,000-strong army deeper into Wallachia "without proper supplies or adequate reconnainssance."^[8] Basarab, owing to the poor state of his troops, was unable to hold an open field battle against a large army, and decided to retreat into the mountains (somewhere in the Transylvanian Alps). Robert entered the Curtea de Argeş, the main city of the Wallachian realm, and learned that Basarab had fled in the mountains, deciding to give chase. After many days of difficult marching in the Carpathian Mountains, with his troops beginning to starve, the King made Basarab to agree to an armistice, with the condition that the latter would provide guides who knew the way out of the mountains and would lead the army back to the Hungarian plain by the shortest route.^[9] The guides, however, were ordered to lead the Hungarians into an ambush. When the army entered a ravine, the Wallachians started attacking them from all sides, shooting arrows and pelting them with stones.^[10] Southern Carpathians (also called Transylvanian Alps; in Romanian: Carpaţii Meridionali) are located between the Prahova river in the east and the Timiş river and Cerna river in the west. ... Curtea de ArgeÅŸ is a town in Romania, situated on the right bank of the ArgeÅŸ river, where it flows through a valley of the lower Carpathians, on the railway from PiteÅŸti to the Rothenthurm Pass. ... The Carpathian Convention is a framework type convention pursuing a comprehensive policy and cooperating in the protection and sustainable development of the Carpathians. ...

The Wallachian army, led by Basarab himself, probably numbered less than 10,000 men - the miniatures in the mentioned chronicle may indicate that these were mostly shepherds, perhaps locally recruited. When Robert saw his best knights being killed, without being able to fight back, he gave his royal roves and insignia to one of his captains — "who dies under a hail of arrows and stones" — and with a few loyal subjects made a difficult escape to Visegrad "clad in dirty civilian clothes."^[11] Robert later recounted in detail, in a charter of December 13, 1335, how one Nicholas, son of a Radoslav, saved his life by defending him from the swords of five Wallachian warriors, giving him enough time to escape.^[12] Most of the Hungarian army — which included many nobles — was destroyed; among the casualties counts the Voivode of Transylvania and the priest that accomponied the King,^[13] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The word miniature, derived from the Latin minium, red lead, is a picture in an ancient or medieval manuscript; the simple decoration of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment. ... In a draw in a mountainous region, a shepherd guides a flock of about 20 sheep amidst scrub and olive trees. ... Visegrád is one of the cities in Hungary having a long and rich history. ... Events Abu Said dies and the Ilkhan khanate ends Slavery abolished in Sweden Charles I of Hungary allies with Poland against the Hapsburgs and Bohemians Carinthia and Carniola come under Habsburg rule. ...

Footnotes

^ A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History - from prehistoric times to the present day, Oxford 1941 p.59
^ A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History - from prehistoric times to the present day, Oxford 1941 p.59
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History - from prehistoric times to the present day, Oxford 1941 p.59
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278
^ A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History - from prehistoric times to the present day, Oxford 1941 p.59
^ The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 278

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