Battle of Pyongyang
Ukiyoe by Mizuno To depicting the Battle of Pyongyang
Date: 15 September 1894 Location: Pyongyang, Korea Result: Japanese victory
Combatants
Japan	China
Commanders
Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo	General Li Hongzhang
Strength
10,000	13,000 – 15,000
Casualties
102 (killed), 433 (wounded), 33 (missing)	2,000 (killed); 4,000 (wounded)

The Battle of Pyongyang (Japanese: 平壌作戦) was the second major land battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place on 15 September 1894 in Pyongyang, Korea between the forces of Meiji Japan and Qing China. It is sometimes referred to archaically in western sources as the “Battle of Ping-yang”. Between 13,000 and 15,000 Chinese troops of the Beiyang Army had arrived in Pyongyang on 4 August 1894, and had made extensive repairs to its ancient city walls, feeling itself secure in its superior numbers and in the strength of the defenses. Ukiyo-e (浮世絵, a Japanese term meaning pictures of the floating world) is a style of painting, but is more commonly associated with a type of woodcut printmaking that became popular in Japan in the 18th and 19th centuries. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Pyongyang (평양 / 平壤) is the capital city of North Korea, located in the bottom third (almost direct center) of the country, situated on the Taedong River. ... Korea (Korean: (ì¡°ì„  or 한국, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Yamagata Aritomo (山県 有朋; April 22, 1838–February 1, 1922) was a Japanese military leader and politician, and the fourth (December 24, 1889–May 6, 1891) and 11th (1898–1900) Prime Minister of Japan. ... Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Battle of the Yalu River, also called simply The Battle of Yalu took place on September 17, 1894. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Pyongyang (평양 / 平壤) is the capital city of North Korea, located in the bottom third (almost direct center) of the country, situated on the Taedong River. ... Korea (Korean: (ì¡°ì„  or 한국, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Emperor Mutsuhito Mutsuhito or Mitsuhito (睦仁), the Meiji Emperor (明治天皇, literally wise ruling heaven emperor) (3 November 1852–30 July 1912) was the 122nd Emperor of Japan. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... The Beiyang Army (北洋軍 bÄ›iyáng-jÅ«n) was a powerful and Western-appearing Chinese military force created by the Qing dynasty government in the late 19th century. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The Battle

The 10,000 troops of the Imperial Japanese Army's First Army Corp, under the overall command of Marshal Yamagata Aritomo consisted of the 5th Provincial Division (Hiroshima) under Lieutenant General Nozu Michitsura, and the 3rd Provincial Division (Nagoya) under Lieutenant General Katsura Taro. Japanese forces had landed at Chemulpo (modern Inchon, Korea) on 12 June 1894 without opposition. After a brief sortie south for the Battle of Seonghwan on 29 July 1894, the First Army marched north towards Pyongyang, rendezvousing with reinforcements which had landed via the ports of Busan and Wonsan. The Imperial Japanese Army (: 大日本帝國陸軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国陸軍 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun) was the official ground based armed force of Japan from 1867 to 1945 when it was Imperial Japan. ... Yamagata Aritomo (山県 有朋; April 22, 1838–February 1, 1922) was a Japanese military leader and politician, and the fourth (December 24, 1889–May 6, 1891) and 11th (1898–1900) Prime Minister of Japan. ... Hiroshima City Hall Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba Address 〒730-8586 Hiroshima-shi, Naka-ku, Kokutaiji 1-6-34 Phone number 082-245-2111 Official website: Hiroshima City , // The city of Hiroshima ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of western Honshu, the largest of... Michitsura Nozu ) (17 December 1840 - 18 October 1908), was a Japanese field marshal and leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army. ... Nagoya Castle in June of 2004. ... Katsura Taro Marquess Katsura Taro (桂 太郎 Katsura Tarō), (1848-01-04–1913-10-10) was a Japanese soldier, politician and Prime Minister of Japan. ... Incheon Metropolitan City is a metropolitan city and major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. ... Korea (Korean: (조선 or 한국, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Busan tower by night Haeundae beach at dawn, February 2005 Busan Metropolitan City, also commonly referred to as Pusan, is the largest harbor city in Korea. ... Wonsanis a port city and naval base in southeastern North Korea. ...

The Japanese Army First Army converged on Pyongyang from several directions on 15 September 1894, and in the morning made a direct attack on the north and southeast corners of the walled city under very little cover. The Chinese defense was strong, but was outmaneuvered by an unexpected flanking attack by the Japanese from the rear. At 1630, the Chinese garrison raised the white flag for surrender, but occupation of the city by the Japanese was delayed due to a heavy rainfall. Taking advantage of the delay and the fall of darkness, the survivors of the Chinese garrison escaped the city for the coast and the border town of Wiju (modern village of Uiju, North Korea) on the lower reaches of the Yalu River) by 2000 hours. September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Amnok River, or the Yalu River, is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ...

Chinese casualties are estimated at 2000 killed around 4000 wounded. The Japanese lost 102 men killed, 433 wounded and 33 missing.

The occupation on Pyongyang by Japanese forces was complete by the morning of 16 August 1894. August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Aftermath of the battle

After the Battle of Pyongyang, command of Japanese First Army was turned over from Marshal Yamagata to General Nozu for reasons of health. Nozu's former command of the 5th division was assumed by Lieutenant General Yasukata Oku. After the Battle of Pyongyang, the Japanese advanced north to the Yalu River without opposition. The Chinese had decided (as did the Russian ten years later in the Russo-Japanese War) to abandon northern Korea and defend from the northern bank of the Yalu River. Yasukata Oku (奥 保鞏, January 5, 1847 - July 19, 1930) was a significant Japanese marshal. ... The Amnok River, or the Yalu River, is a river on the border between China and North Korea. ... Insert non-formatted text here Combatants Imperial Russia Empire of Japan Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 25,331 Killed 146,032 Wounded 47,387 Killed 173,425 Wounded Greater Manchuria, Russian (outer) Manchuria is region to upper right in lighter Red; Liaodong Peninsula is the wedge extending...

References

• Chamberlin, William Henry. Japan Over Asia, 1937, Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, 395 pp.
• Kodansha Japan An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1993, Kodansha Press, Tokyo ISBN 4-06-205938-X
• Lone, Stewart. Japan's First Modern War: Army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894-1895, 1994, St. Martin's Press, New York, 222 pp.
• Paine, S.C.M. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895: Perception, Power, and Primacy, 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 412 pp.
• Warner, Dennis and Peggy. The Tide At Sunrise, 1974, Charterhouse, New York, 659 pp.