The Battle of Quebec was an attempt on December 31, 1775, by American revolutionaries to capture the Canadian city of Quebec and enlist French Canadian support for the American Revolutionary War. Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery were the two primary American commanders in the assault, which failed. The battle was the climax of the American invasion of Canada and put an end to any hopes of French Canada rising in rebellion with the Americans. The battle didn't actually win the day as much as the 4,000 troops who came six months later and forced the Continentals to leave Quebec. Carleton could not get serious help because the St. Lawrence River was frozen, and had to rely on the French-speaking militia of the city, who turned out in extremely high numbers to defend their way of life. Combatants United States France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Oneida Tuscarora Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Kingdom of Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy Hessian mercenaries Loyalists Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben King George... Image File history File links Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country  Canada Province  Quebec Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833... An engraving depicting the death of General Montgomery at the Battle of Quebec. ... Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 – June 14, 1801) was a successful Connecticut merchant who fought for American independence from the British Empire as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. ... Colonel James Livingston (March 27, 1747 – March 9, 1832) was an American Colonist living in Quebec soldier who fought on the U.S. side of the American Revolutionary War, leading his 1st Canadian Regiment of the Continental Army. ... Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Vermont, Connecticut Great Britain Commanders Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold William Delaplace Strength 83 48 Casualties None 48 captured The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants Vermont, Connecticut Great Britain Commanders Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold William Delaplace Strength 83 48 Casualties None 48 captured The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Longue-Pointe was fought on September 24, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Fort St. ... Combatants Britain United States Commanders George Forster Unknown Strength 36 regulars 11 militia 160 natives 390 regulars and militia Casualties Unknown 390 dead, wounded, or captured The Battle of the Cedars (French: Les Cèdres) occurred during the American War of Independence, on May 15 - May 16, 1776 at Fort... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders Clément Gosselin with others Louis Liénard de Beaujeu Strength 230 (150 quebeckers, 80 american) 106 (106 quebeckers) Casualties 6 killed 5 killed 1 wounded 20 prisoners After the failure at Quebec on December 31, 1775, the American and Quebecois patriots held a... Combatants Britain United States The Battle of Vaudreuil was an action which took place at Quinze Chiens, also known as Vaudreuil, in 1776 during the abortive US invasion of Canada in the American War of Independence. ... Combatants United States of America United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Commanders John Sullivan Sir Guy Carleton Strength 2,500 3,000 Casualties 25 dead, 140 wounded, 236 captured 8 dead, 9 wounded The Battle of Trois-Rivières was fought on June 8, 1776, in the American Revolutionary... The Battle of Valcour Island, 11 October 1776, also known as Battle of Valcour Bay, was a naval engagement fought on Lake Champlain in a narrow strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. ... The Battle of Fort Cumberland resulted in the defeat of an American army trying to invade and inspire rebellion in the British colony of Nova Scotia during the American Revolutionary War. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Motto: « Don de Dieu feray valoir Â» (I shall put Gods gift to good use) Site in the province of Québec Official logo Provincial region Province Country Capitale-Nationale Québec Canada Gentilé Québécois, Québécoise Mayor Jean-Paul LAllier 1989-Dec. ... French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ... Combatants United States France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Oneida Tuscarora Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Kingdom of Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy Hessian mercenaries Loyalists Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben King George... Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 – June 14, 1801) was a successful Connecticut merchant who fought for American independence from the British Empire as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. ... An engraving depicting the death of General Montgomery at the Battle of Quebec. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Carleton can refer to: Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, USA Carleton University, a university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The following places are named Carleton or have Carleton in their name: Borden-Carleton, Prince Edward Island, Canada Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada Carleton County, Ontario, Canada (historic... The Saint Lawrence River (French fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Background

Following the capture of Fort Ticonderoga from government forces, the Continental Congress ordered Richard Montgomery to lead a brigade north into the French-speaking parts of British North America, via the Lake Champlain route. The assumption was that the French speakers would be eager to join the rebellion. Montgomery established his base at Ile Aux Noix on September 5, 1775. Fort Ticonderoga as seen from Lake Champlain Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA.The fort controlled both commonly used... POOP HS;JHGF;JADHGJHASGHASJHGJSAHGJWJITHADHSGJHDASJLGFNKRA The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... An engraving depicting the death of General Montgomery at the Battle of Quebec. ... British North America was an informal term first used in 1783, but uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... ÃŽle aux Noix aka Fort Lennox is an island fort on the Richelieu River and Lake Champlain border. ...

Meanwhile, Benedict Arnold's Massachusetts brigade (which called itself Canadian) set out to support Montgomery, marching cross-country across the Province of Maine. Due to poor planning, this brigade lost half of its strength in the march, before reaching Point Levi opposite Quebec on November 8. Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 – June 14, 1801) was a successful Connecticut merchant who fought for American independence from the British Empire as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. ...

Arnold crossed the St. Lawrence on November 13 and positioned his brigade on the Plains of Abraham, offering battle to the government forces. They did not come out and fight, and so Arnold launched a night attack, which was badly botched and resulted in heavy casualties. This page concerns the Christian martyr. ... The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, fought September 13, 1759, was a decisive battle during the French and Indian War, the U.S. name for the North American phase of the Seven Years War. ...

Meanwhile, General Carleton had decided to abandon Montreal and made his stand at Quebec. He marched his forces up the St. Lawrence, with Montgomery following with 350 men (having left the rest as an occupation force at Montreal). Montgomery arrived on December 3, and on December 5 the Continentals started a siege. When Carleton refused to surrender, the Continental Generals had to assault the city quickly, as their troops enlistments were up on December 31, and their army would simply evaporate. Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Quebec Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ...

Battle

The attack began at 4:00 a.m. on December 31, 1775, with Montgomery launching signal rockets. The British were prepared for the Continental assault, as deserters from the Continental Army were straggling into Quebec. is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1775 (MDCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The two brigades were to supposed to meet at the tip of the St. Lawrence river and move into the walled city itself. However, the fortifications proved to be too strong to taken by force. Montgomery's brigade advanced along the river coastline under the Cape Diamond Bastion where they came to a blockhouse barricade at Près-de-Ville manned by about 30 French-speaking colonial militia. Montgomery advanced his brigade towards it at a walk, and in the colonials first volley cut down the three highest ranking officers in the brigade. The next highest ranking officer ordered a retreat, while the militia continued to snipe at them.

Arnold was unaware Montgomery's death and his attack's failure, and he advanced with his main body towards the northern barricades. They were fired upon by British and local militia manning the wall of the city. Upon reaching a street barricade at a street called Sault au Matelot, Arnold was wounded in the left ankle by a musket ball and was taken to the rear. With Arnold out of action, his second-in-command, Daniel Morgan, took command and captured the first street barricade. But while awaiting further orders, the Americans were attacked in the street and surrounding row houses by hundreds of militia. A British counter-attack re-occupied the first barricade, trapping Morgan and his men within the narrow streets of the city. With no way of retreat and under heavy fire, all of Morgan's men surrendered. By 10:00, the battle was over, with Morgan surrendering himself and the last pocket of Continental resistance in the city.

Of Arnold's command, over 30 of his men were killed, (20 more were later found after the spring thaw and several more drowned while fleeing across the frozen rivers) and 426 prisoners were taken along with Morgan. At least 12 more Americans were killed or wounded along with Montgomery on the southern riverbank after the attack. The British commander, Guy Carleton, reported his losses as one British naval officer and five French Canadian militia killed, with four British soldiers and 15 militia wounded.

Siege

Arnold refused to give up and—despite being outnumbered by three to one—lay siege to Quebec, despite the sub-freezing temperature of the winter and the mass desertions of his men after their enlistments expired on January 1, 1776. This siege was purely nominal, and had no effect on Quebec. is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Arnold (now a Brigadier General) was reinforced with Wooster's brigade in March 1776, bringing their strength to 2,000 men.

Unable to renew an assault on the city, the siege continued until John Burgoyne's division of 4,000 men arrived on May 6, 1776, which forced the American army to retreat south and back to the New York colony. John Burgoyne General John Burgoyne (February 24, 1722 – August 4, 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Aftermath

With the British victory at Quebec and the later retreat of the Americans from Canada, another attempted annexation of Quebec was suggested in 1778 with the help of the French. But the plan was not implemented. Clément Gosselin and his spy network drafted a report on the state of Quebec in October 1778 for the Congress who was planning another attack on British in Quebec. In 1780 yet another attempt was considered, but George Washington, fearing he could not hold Quebec even if he took it, would write Moses Hazen a letter explaining that he could not risk to again, like in 1775, be forced to leave Quebec and cause misery for Quebeckers who support him. (See Washington's letter to Hazen in 1780 in the references section.) Clément Gosselin (June 12, 1747 – March 9, 1816) was a revolutionary soldier in Moses Hazen regiment Revolutionary War // Clément Gosselin was born in 1747, so at the time of the British invasion of 1759 Clément was twelves years old. ... Moses Hazen (1733-1802) was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts. ...

References

• History of the British Army by Sir John Fortescue
• The War of the Revolution by Christopher Ward
• [1] James Livingston third attack
• Chronology of the American invasion of Canada (Quebec 1775)