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Encyclopedia > Battle of Saragarhi

Coordinates: 33°33′N, 70°56′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

The Battle of Saragarhi*
Part of the Tirah Campaign War

Burnt-out interior of Saragarhi as it looked on 14th September, 1897
Date September 12 1897
Location Tirah, North-West Frontier Province, British India (modern day Pakistan)
Result Afghan tactical victory, British Indian strategic victory
Belligerents
36th Sikhs of British Indian Army alliance of Afridis and Orakzais
Commanders
Havildar Ishar Singh  † unknown
Strength
21[1] 10,000[2][3]
Casualties and losses
21 (100%)[1] 180[4] to 600[5][6]

The Battle of Saragarhi was fought during the Tirah Campaign on 12 September 1897 between twenty one Sikhs of the 4th Battalion (then 36th Sikhs) of the Sikh Regiment of British India, defending an army post, and 10,000 Afghan and Orakzai tribesmen in a last stand. The battle occurred in the North-West Frontier Province, now a part of Pakistan, which then formed part of British India. The Tirah Campaign was an Indian frontier war in 1897-98. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Tirah is a mountainous tract of country in the west-central North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. ... The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: Å›imāl maÄ¡ribÄ« sarhadÄ« sÅ«ba شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... An Afghan or an Afghani is the name used to describe a person from the country of Afghanistan. ... A group of native Indian Muslim soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ... A group of native Indian Muslim soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ... Afridi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Response International, United Kingdom has recently about to initiate training workshops on Child Health promotion in Orakzai Agency. ... Temporary grave of an American machine-gunner during the Battle of Normandy. ... ‹ The template below (Dabneeded) is being considered for deletion. ... The Tirah Campaign was an Indian frontier war in 1897-98. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... The Sikh Regiment of the Indian Army is presently headquartered in Ramgarh Cantonment, 30 km from the city of Ranchi, capital of Jharkhand state, India. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Response International, United Kingdom has recently about to initiate training workshops on Child Health promotion in Orakzai Agency. ... ‹ The template below (Dabneeded) is being considered for deletion. ... The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: Å›imāl maÄ¡ribÄ« sarhadÄ« sÅ«ba شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George...


The contingent of the twenty-one Sikhs from the 36th Sikhs was led by Havildar Ishar Singh. They all chose to fight to the death. Sikh military personnel and Sikh civilians commemorate the battle every year on 12 September, as Saragarhi Day. This battle has frequently been compared to the heroic stand of a small Greek force against the mighty Persian Army of Xerxes at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. Havildar was the equivalent rank to Sergeant in the British Indian Army, next above Naik, and is still used in the modern Indian Army and Pakistan Armys. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Xerxes may refer to these Persian kings: Xerxes I, reigned 485–465 BC, also known as Xerxes the Great. ... For other uses, see Battle of Thermopylae (disambiguation). ...

Contents

Situation

The map of the battle site.
The map of the battle site.

Saragarhi is a small village in the border district of Kohat, situated on the Samana Range, in present day Pakistan. On the 20th April 1894, the 36th Sikh Regiment of the British Army was created, under the command of Colonel J. Cook.[7] In August 1897, five companies of the 36th Sikhs under Lt. Col. John Haughton, were sent to the North West Frontier Providence, stationed at Samana Hills, Kurag, Sangar, Sahtop Dhar and Saraghari. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Kohat distrct is located in NWFP province of Pakistan. ... Samana Range is a mountain ridge in Kohat district of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, commanding the S. boundary of Tirah. ... The Sikh Regiment is the most highly decorated regiment of the Indian Army[1], with 73 Battle Honours, 14 Victoria Crosses[2], 15 Theatre Honours and 5 COAS Unit Citations besides 2 Param Vir Chakras, 14 Maha Vir Chakras, 5 Kirti Chakras, 67 Vir Chakras and 1596 other gallantry awards. ...


The British had partially succeeded in getting control of this volatile area, however tribal Pashtuns attacked British personnel from time to time. Thus a series of forts, originally constructed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Ruler of the Sikh Empire, were consolidated. Two of the forts were Fort Lockhart, (on the Samana Range of the Hindu Kush mountains), and Fort Gulistan (Sulaiman Range), situated a few miles apart. Due to the forts not being visible to each other, Saragarhi was created midway, as a heliographic communication post. The Saragarhi post, situated on a rocky ridge, consisted of a small block house with loop-holed ramparts and a signalling tower. The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ... Maharaja Ranjit Singh may refer to Maharaja Ranjit Singh , the Jat-Sikh ruler of Punjab region Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Jat ruler of Bharatpur princely state in Rajasthan, India Maharaja Ranji Singh Rahix, Indian founder of the RAHI Maharaja Ranjitsinhji, Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, India and cricketer Categories: ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... Gulistan or Golestan (Rose garden in Persian) can mean: The Iranian province of Golestan. ... Satellite image of a part of the Sulaiman Range. ...


A general uprising by the Afghans began there in 1897, and between 27th August - 11th September, many vigorous efforts by Pashtuns to capture the Forts were thwarted by 36th Sikh regiment. In 1897, insurgent and inimical activities had increased, and on 3rd and 9 September Afridi tribes, with allegiance to Afghans, attacked Fort Gulistan. Both the attacks were repulsed, and a relief column from Fort Lockhart, on its return trip, reinforced the signalling detachment positioned at Saragarhi, making its strength to one Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) and twenty troops of Other Ranks (ORs). is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Afridi fighters seen in a battle. ...


On September 12, 1897, 10,000 Pashtuns attacked the signalling post at Saragarhi, so that communication would be lost between the two forts.


The battle

Sikh Soldier in Ceremonial Turban
Sikh Soldier in Ceremonial Turban

Details of the Battle of Saraghari are considered fairly accurate, due to Gurmukh Singh signalling events to Fort Lockhart as they occurred.[7] Image File history File linksMetadata Sikh_Soldier_in_Ceremonial_Turban,_Indian_Army. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Sikh_Soldier_in_Ceremonial_Turban,_Indian_Army. ...

  • Around 9.00am, around 10,000 Afghans reach the signaling post at Saragarhi.
  • Sardar Gurmukh Singh signals to Col. Haughton, situated in Fort Lockhart, that they are under attack.
  • Colonel Haughton states he cannot send immediate help to Saragarhi.
  • The Soldiers decide to fight to the last to prevent the enemy reaching the forts.
  • Bhagwan Singh becomes the first injured and Lal Singh was seriously wounded.
  • Soldiers Lal Singh, Jiwa Singh carry reportedly the dead body of Bhagwan Singh back to the inner layer of the post.
  • The enemy were able to break a portion of the wall of the picket.
  • Colonel Haughton signals that he has estimated between 10,000 and 14,000 Pashtuns attacking Saraghari.
  • The leaders reportedly of the Afghan forces make promises for the soldiers to surrender.
  • Reportedly two determined attempts where made to rush the open gate but were unsuccessful.
  • Later, Fort Lockhart is breached.
  • Thereafter, some of the fiercest hand-to-hand fighting occurs.
  • In an act of outstanding bravery, Ishar Singh orders his men to fall back into the inner layer, whilst he remains to fight. However, this is breached and all but one of the defending soldiers are killed, along with many of the Pashtuns.
  • Gurmukh Singh, who communicated the battle with Col. Haughton, was the last Sikh defender. He is stated to have killed 20 Afghans, the Pashtuns having to set fire to the post to kill him. As he was dying he was said to have yelled repeatedly the regimental battle-cry "Jo Bole So Nihal, Sat Sri Akal (He who cries God is Truth, is ever victorious)

Having destroyed Saragarhi, the Afghans turned their attention to Fort Gulistan, but they had been delayed too long, and reinforcements arrived there in the night of 13-14 September, before the fort could be conquered.[1] The Afghans later stated that they had lost about 180 men[8][4] during the engagement against the 21 Sikh soldiers, but some 600 bodies[5] are said to have been seen around the ruined post when the relief party arrived. The total casualties in the entire campaign, including the Battle of Saragarhi, numbered at around 4,800.


Reception

British parliament

When the gallantry of Saragarhi was recounted to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the recitation drew a standing ovation from the members. The saga of Saragarhi was also brought to the notice of Queen Victoria. Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Lords Hélène Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Queen Victoria redirects here. ...

“ "The British, as well as the Indians, are proud of the 36th Sikh Regiments. It is no exaggeration to record that the armies which possess the valiant Sikhs cannot face defeat in war" - Parliament of the United Kingdom[7] ”
“ "You are never disappointed when you are with the Sikhs. Those 21 soldiers all fought to the death. That bravery should be within all of us. Those soldiers were lauded in Britain and their pride went throughout the Indian Army. Inside every Sikh should be this pride and courage. The important thing is that you must not get too big-headed it is important to be humble in victory and to pay respect to the other side." - Field Marshal William Joseph Slim, 1st Viscount Slim[9] ”

Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons Michael Martin MP Speaker of the House of Lords Hélène Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats Scottish National Party Plaid Cymru Democratic Unionist... Field Marshal Sir William Joseph Slim, 1st Viscount Slim, KG, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, GBE, DSO, MC (6 August 1891 – 14 December 1970) was a British military commander and the 13th Governor-General of Australia. ...

Commemorative tablet

The tablet (pictured right), inscription reads;

Tablet commemorating Saraghari, raised by the British Empire.
Tablet commemorating Saraghari, raised by the British Empire.
“ "The Government of India have caused this tablet to be erected to the memory of the twenty one non-commissioned officers and men of the 36 Sikh Regiment of the Bengal Infantry whose names are engraved below as a perpetual record of the heroism shown by these gallant soldiers who died at their posts in the defence of the fort of Saragarhi, on the 12 September 1897, fighting against overwhelming numbers, thus proving their loyalty and devotion to their sovereign, the Queen Empress of India, and gloriously maintaining the reputation of the Sikhs for unflinching courage on the field of battle." ”

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Order of Merit

All the 21 Sikh non-commissioned officers and soldiers of other ranks who laid down their lives in the Battle of Saragarhi were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, the highest gallantry award of that time, which an Indian soldier could receive by the hands of the British crown, the corresponding gallantry award being Victoria Cross. This award is equivalent to today's Param Vir Chakra awarded by the President of India. First Class Second Class // History The medal was first introduced by the East India Company in 1837. ... This article is about the monarchy of the United Kingdom, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see... For other uses, see Victoria Cross (disambiguation). ... The Param Vir Chakra is an Indian military decoration given for valour in combat operations. ... The President of India (Hindi: Rashtrapati) is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ...


The names of the 21 recipients of the gallantry award are:

  1. Havildar Ishar Singh (regimental number 165[10])
  2. Naik Lal Singh (332)
  3. Lance Naik Chanda Singh (546)
  4. Sepoy Sundar Singh (1321)
  5. Sepoy Ram Singh (287)
  6. Sepoy Uttar Singh (492)
  7. Sepoy Sahib Singh (182)
  8. Sepoy Hira Singh (359)
  9. Sepoy Daya Singh (687)
  10. Sepoy Jivan Singh (760)
  11. Sepoy Bhola Singh (791)
  12. Sepoy Narayan Singh (834)
  13. Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (814)
  14. Sepoy Jivan Singh (871)
  15. Sepoy Gurmukh Singh (1733)
  16. Sepoy Ram Singh (163)
  17. Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1257)
  18. Sepoy Bhagwan Singh (1265)
  19. Sepoy Buta Singh (1556)
  20. Sepoy Jivan Singh (1651)
  21. Sepoy Nand Singh (1221)

Havildar was the equivalent rank to Sergeant in the British Indian Army, next above Naik, and is still used in the modern Indian Army and Pakistan Armys. ... Naik (sometimes historically called Nayak) (Nk) is the equivalent rank to Corporal in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army, and previously in the British Indian Army, ranking between Lance Naik and Havildar. ... Lance Naik (L/Nk) was the equivalent rank to Lance Corporal in the British Indian Army, ranking below Naik. ... A sepoy (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning soldier) was a native of India employed as a soldier in the service of a European power, usually of the United Kingdom. ...

Remembrance and legacy

Numerous Indian, Sikh sources and the American based GlobalSecurity.org[11] state that the battle of Saraghari is included in one of the "eight collective stories of bravery", as published by UNESCO, which includes the heroic Battle of Thermopylae.[12][13][14][15][16][17]. The battle has become iconic of eastern military civilization, British empire military history and Sikh history.[18] The modern Sikh Regiment continues to celebrate the day of the Battle of Saragarhi each 12 September as the Regimental Battle Honours Day. To commemorate the men the British built two Saragarhi Gurudwaras: one in Amritsar very close to the main entrance of the Golden Temple, and another in Ferozepur Cantonment, which was the district that most of the men hailed from. GlobalSecurity. ... For other uses, see Battle of Thermopylae (disambiguation). ... American cultural icons. ... In the West, the term Eastern culture refers very broadly to the various cultures, social structures and philosophical systems of the East, namely Asia (including China, India, Japan, and surrounding regions). ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Gurdwara is the Sikh place of worship. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan, see Kinkaku-ji. ... Firozpur Cantonment is a cantonment town in Firozpur district in the state of Punjab, India. ...


In the 1999 Kargil Conflict, the Sikh Regiment went into action against Pakistan. Two battalions of the Sikh regiment- 8 Sikh and 14 Sikh subsequently took part in fierce and bloody fighting along the razor sharp crags and peaks of the Kargil mountains. 8 Sikh took Tiger Hill, whereas 14 Sikh fought at ChorbatLa. The Sikhs were again highly outnumbered, and before the fighting began, officers and men of the Sikh regiment had remembered Saragarhi and taken a vow to uphold the traditions of the Sikh martial heritage. The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan in late 1999 in Indian-controlled Kashmir. ... The Sikh Regiment is the highest decorated regiment of the Indian Army, with 72 Battle Honours, 15 Theatre Honours and 5 COAS Unit Citations and 1596 other gallantry awards. ...


In Indian Schools

The Indian military, in particular the Indian Army have been pushing for the battle to be taught in India's schools. They want it taught due to the heroism shown by the Indian soldiers to acts as inspiration for young children – in the field of bravery. The situation was made more embarrassing by the Indian battle not being taught in Indian schools but being taught in French schools, a country completely unconnected with the battle, as part of the official education syllabus for heroic valour.[19][20] It has been taught in Punjab schools since 2000: Military branches: Indian Army, Indian Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles, National Security Guards, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Special Frontier Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Defense Security Corps and several other units) and the Strategic Forces... This article is about the post-independence Indian Army. ... This article is about the type of character. ... Bravery can mean: Courage, the human condition to confront pain and fear The Bravery, a rock band from the US The Bravery (album), the bands self-titled debut album This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

“ The decision to include the battle story in the school curriculum was taken last year during a public rally presided over by the Punjab Chief Minister, Mr Parkash Singh Badal. Following this, the State Government had issued a notification that the battle story should be included in the school curriculum from this session. There had been a constant demand from the Sikh Regiment and various ex-servicemen’s associations that the battle be included in the school curriculum. A similar request had also been put forward to Mr Badal during the battle’s state-level centenary celebrations at Ferozepore in 1997. A subsequent letter sent to the Punjab Government by the Saraghari Memorial and Ethos Promotion Forum had also urged the State Government that the battle has many inspiring lessons for children. On hearing the acts of valour, the British Parliament had then risen in unison to pay homage to the fallen soldiers. The unique battle is also taught in schools of France and figures as one of the eight collective stories on bravery published by the UNESCO.[20] ”

Saragarhi Day

Saragarhi Day
Official name Saragarhi Day
Observed by India[3] & (Also observed by Sikhs worldwide)
Type national & international
Significance Honors the 21 military Sikh soldiers who died at The Battle of Saragarhi
Date September 12 (or nearest weekday)
Observances Parades, school history projects, government buildings
Related to Remembrance Day

Saragarhi Day, is a Sikh military commemoration day celebrated on the 12th of September every year annually to commemorate The Battle of Saragarhi.[3] Sikh military personnel and Sikh non-military people commemorate the battle around the World every year on September 12th. All units of the Sikh Regiment celebrate Saragarhi Day every year as the Regimental Battle Honours Day. Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Remembrance Day also known as Poppy Day, Armistice Day (the event it commemorates), or Veterans Day in the United States is a day to commemorate the sacrifices of members of the armed forces and of civilians in times of war, specifically since the First World War. ... Religions Sikhism Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib Languages English, Punjabi] A Sikh (English: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent to Sikhism. ... For other uses, see September (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see World (disambiguation). ... The Sikh Regiment is the highest decorated regiment of the Indian Army, with 72 Battle Honours, 15 Theatre Honours and 5 COAS Unit Citations and 1596 other gallantry awards. ...


Saragarhi Memorial Gurudwara (temple) was built in memory of the 21 Sikh soldiers that fought at The Battle of Saragarhi.[21]


Saragarhi and Thermopylae

The battle has frequently been compared to the Battle of Thermopylae[18], where a small Greek force faced a large Persian army of Xerxes (480 BC). For other uses, see Battle of Thermopylae (disambiguation). ... Persia redirects here. ... Xerxes may refer to these Persian kings: Xerxes I, reigned 485–465 BC, also known as Xerxes the Great. ...


The ratio of the defending to the attacking force of ca. 1:476 (21 vs. 10,000) at Saragarhi, is reminiscent of the 1:285 ratio at Thermopylae (300 Spartans & 6,700 Greeks vs. 0.8 to 2.1 million). Based on modern estimates, the Persian Army numbered 150,000–200,000[22], producing a ratio of 1:29.


It is important to note that during the Battle of Saraghari, the British did not manage to get a relief until after the 21 had fought to their deaths, whilst at Thermopylae, the 300 Spartans stayed even after they had been breached, to fight to their deaths.


Further reading

  • Saragarhi Battalion: Ashes to Glory by Kanwaljit Singh and H.S. Ahluwalia, New Delhi : Lancer International, 1987 (ISBN 8170620228)

References

  1. ^ a b c official reports in London Gazette, 8 Feb 1898- accessed 2008-01-25
  2. ^ The Tribune Online Edition. "Of blood red in olive green", The Tribune, April 15, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. 
  3. ^ a b c Tribune News Service. "Battle of Saragarhi remembered", The Tribune, September 14, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. 
  4. ^ a b Maj. Gen. Jaswant Singh Letter to H.M. Queen Elizabeth II Institute of Sikh Studies (1999)- accessed 2008-03-30
  5. ^ a b Sharma, Gautam Valour and Sacrifice: Famous Regiments of the Indian Army, India, Allied Publishers (1990) ISBN 817023140X, via Google Books- accessed 2008-01-25
  6. ^ Sikhiwiki.org Battle of Saragarhi- accessed 2008-01-25
  7. ^ a b c Pall, S.J.S. "The story of Valiant Sikhs", Amritsar, B. Chattar Singh (2004) page 98
  8. ^ Subramanian, L.M. Defending Saragarhi, 12 September 1897, bharat-rakshak.com- accessed 2008-01-25
  9. ^ The Sikh Spirit. "The Epic Battle of Saragarhi", Sikh Spirit, 1 November, 2001. Retrieved on 2007-10-25. 
  10. ^ Regimental numbers from photo of Saragarhi memorial plaque
  11. ^ [1]
  12. ^ The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Mailbag
  13. ^ The Epic Battle of Saragarhi
  14. ^ Read about Sikh Soldiers at www.sikh-history.com
  15. ^ A Gateway to Sikhism | The Sikh Regiment - A Gateway to Sikhism
  16. ^ Chap
  17. ^ A century later, Punjab resurrects some of its bravest men
  18. ^ a b Singh, Kanwaljit & Ahluwalia, H.S. Saragarhi Battalion: Ashes to Glory, India, Lancer International (1987) ISBN 8170620228
  19. ^ The Punjab Government of India. "The Sargarhi Memorial at Ferozepur", The Punjab Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. 
  20. ^ a b Vijay Mohan. "Recounting battle of Saragarhi", The Tribune, April 5, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-11-01. 
  21. ^ Sharma, Dinesh K.The legend of Saragarhi Memorial Gurdwara, Times of India (11 Sep 2003)- accessed 2008-01-25
  22. ^ 300spartanwarriors.com- accessed 2008-01-25

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Image File history File links Sikh emblem. ... This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... Image File history File links Sikh emblem. ... Sikhism was established by ten Gurus, teachers or masters, over the period 1469 to 1708. ... Guru Nanak Dev[1] (Punjabi: , ) (Born in Nankana Sahib, Punjab, (now Pakistan) on 15th April 1469 – 7 May 1539, Kartarpur, Punjab, India), was the founder of Sikhism, and the first of the eleven Sikh Gurus. ... Period in office   1539 - 1552 Predecessor   Guru Nanak Dev Founder of Sikhism Successor   Amar Das 3nd of the Eleven Gurus of Sikhism Religious career Ordination   07 September 1539 Previous post   Guru Personal Date of birth   31 March 1504 Place of birth   Muktsar, Punjab, (now India) Date of death   March 28... Guru Amar Das Guru Amar Das (Punjabi: ) (Born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 5 May 1479 – 14 May 1574 Amritsar, Punjab, India) was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, and he became Guru on 26 March 1552 following in the footsteps of Guru Angad Dev, who died 29... Sri Guru Ram Das Ji (Punjabi: ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ ਜੀ) (24 September 1534 – 1 September 1581) was the fourth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on 30 August 1574 following in the footsteps of Guru Amar Das. ... Guru Arjan, right, dictating the Adi Granth to Bhai Gurdas. ... Mid-nineteenth century miniature of Guru Hargobind. ... Guru Har Rai ji. ... Guru Har Krishan (Punjabi: ) (Born in Rupnagar, Punjab, India on 7 July 1656 as – 30 March 1664, Delhi, India) was the eighth of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism, and he became Guru on 7 October 1661 following in the footsteps of his father, Guru Har Rai. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Guru Gobind Singh (Punjabi: ) (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... The Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: , ) is the 11th Guru of Sikhism, the holy book of Sikhism, which is revered as a living Guru by the Sikhs. ... Sikh Bhagats refers to the Saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book the Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. ... The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text. ... // There is only one God who has infinite qualities and names. ... The Sikhs must believe in the following values: Equality: All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste, race, sex, creed, origin, color, education, status, wealth, etc. ... There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism and by the SGPC: Cutting Hair: Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism. ... Naam: Or Naam Japo. ... The Golden Temple is the most important sacred shrine for Sikhs Sikhism comes from the word Sikh, which means a strong and able disciple. ... The Ardās (Punjabi: ) are the Sikh daily prayers. ... The Amrit Sanskar Ceremony Amrit Sanskar or Amrit Sanchar or the Amrit ceremony is the Sikh ceremony of initiation or baptism. ... Chardi Kala is an important expression used in Sikhism for a mind frame that a Sikh has to accept and practise. ... Dasvand means to donate 10% percent of ones harvest to the Gurdwara. ... The Five Ks, or kakaars, are five items that baptised Orthodox Sikhs wear at all times either out of respect for the tenth teacher, Guru Gobind Singh, or out of a sense of religious devotion. ... Kirat Karō is one of three primary pillars of Sikhism. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the Sufi practice of Langar, see Langar (Sufism). ... Nām Japō (Punjabi: ), refers to the meditation, vocal singing of Hymns from the Sri Guru Granth Sahib or of the various Names of God, specially the chanting of the word Waheguru, which means Wonderful Lord. ... The term Simran refers to the vocal repetition or recital of the God Names - Naam or of the Holy Text from the Two Granths of the Sikhs - the Sri Guru Granth Sahib and the Dasam Granth. ... The Three Pillars of Sikhism Guru Nanak formalised the three important pillars of Sikhism: 1. ... In Sikhism Vaṇḍ Chakkō (Punjabi: ) is a technique and method which means share it as you consume it. ... The Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi: , ) is the 11th Guru of Sikhism, the holy book of Sikhism, which is revered as a living Guru by the Sikhs. ... Guru Granth Sahib (Granth is Punjabi for book, Sahib is Hindi meaning master, from Arabic, meaning companion, friend, owner, or master) or Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji or SGGS for short, is more than a holy book of the Sikhs. ... The Dasam Granth (Punjabi: , ) is a scripture of Sikhism, containing texts composed by 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh and his assembly of scholars. ... Bani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to various sections of the Holy Text that appears in their several Holy Books. ... Chaupai is the short name for the Sikh prayer or Gurbani whose full name is Kabiobach Bainti Chaupai. ... Jaap Sahib is the morning prayer of the Sikhs. ... Japji Sahib consists of the Mool Mantra as the beginning followed by 38 hymns and a final Salok at the end of this composition. ... Illuminated Adi Granth folio with nisan (Mool Mantar) of Guru Gobind Singh. ... Evening prayer of the Sikhs. ... Sukhmani Sahib is the name given to the set of hymns divided into 24 sections which appear in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Holy Scriptures on page 262. ... This is a short hymn of 10 stanzas. ... The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the history of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and philosophies of Hinduism and Islam. ... Stylised Ek Onkar Simple Ek Onkar Ek Onkar (also , , Ä’k ÅŒaá¹…kār, Ek Omkar, Ik Onkar and other variants) means one God and is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy. ... The Harimandir Sahib. ... For the Golden Pavilion Temple in Kyoto, Japan, see Kinkaku-ji. ... Khalsa (Punjabi: , literally Pure) refers to the collective body of all baptized Sikhs. ... The Khanda Sikh Khanda on Stamp designed by Stacey Zabolotney Issued By Canada Post in November 2000 . ... This section of Sikh Names and the Sikh Names List is material copyright of www. ... Satguru or Sadguru means true guru (Sanskrit सदगुरू sat=true), literally: true teacher. ... Waheguru (Punjabi: , or , ) means The Wonderful Lord in the Punjabi language. ... Sheikh Farid (Farid-ul-Din Masaud Shakar Ganj) c. ... Kabir (कबीर) (1440 - Indian Mystic who preached an ideal of seeing all of humanity as one. ... The first known use of the word Punjab is in the book Tarikh-e-Sher Shah (1580), which mentions the construction of a fort by Sher Khan of Punjab. The name is mentioned again in Ain-e-Akbari (part 1), written by Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the territory... For other uses, see Sardar (disambiguation). ... The word Takhat literally means seat of power or throne of authority and refers to one of the five bodies of authority for the Sikhs. ... Dastar Corp. ... Image File history File links Sikh emblem. ... Image File history File links Sikh emblem. ...

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A Gateway to Sikhism (0 words)
Saragarhi is the incredible story of 21 men of the 36th Sikh Regiment (currently the 4th Sikh Regiment) who gave up their lives in devotion to their duty.
The Battle at Saragarhi is one of eight stories of collective bravery published by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).
All the 21 valiant men of this epic battle were awarded the Indian Order of Merit Class III (posthumously) which at the time was one of the highest gallantry awards given to Indian troops and is considered equivalent to the present-day Vir Chakra.
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