Battle of Sardarapat
Part of Caucasus Campaign in the Middle Eastern Theatre (World War I)
Date May 22-26 1918 Location Sardarapat, Armenia Result Armenian victory [1]
Combatants
Ottoman Empire	Democratic Republic of Armenia
Commanders
Vahib Pasha	Movses Silikian
Strength
Third Army 100,000 [2]	40,000
Casualties
30,000	30,000
30,000 Armenian civilian casualties

The Battle of Sardarabad was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the village of Sardarapat, in region of Armavir, Armenia) in May 22-26, 1918. Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire, First Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha, Vehip Pasha, Kerim Pasha, Mustafa Kemal Nikolai Yudenich The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the Caucasus during World War I between the Russian Empire a member of the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire... Combatants Ottoman Empire Triple Entente Strength 2,850,000 2 Casualties 550,000 KIA 3 891,000 WIA 240,000 Sickness 103,731 MIO 250,000 POW 1 1 Ottoman casualties are from Republic of Turkey gov. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Image File history File links Ottoman_Flag. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan (Armenian: , Russian: , Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. ... The Ottoman Third Army protected the northern and eastern parts of the Ottoman Empire. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire, First Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha, Vehip Pasha, Kerim Pasha, Mustafa Kemal Nikolai Yudenich The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the Caucasus during World War I between the Russian Empire a member of the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire... Combatants Russia Ottoman Empire Commanders General Vorontsov General Yudenich Enver Pasha Strength 100,000 90,000 (plus aprox. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Background by April 1915, the Armenians had already donated their grains, their food, their warehouse supplies, money and men to the Ottoman war effort. ... Combatants Russia Ottoman Empire Casualties  ?  ? In the Battle of Koprukoy the Russians advance to Erzurum. ... Combatants Russia Ottoman Empire Commanders Nikolai Yudenich Karim Pasha Strength Russian Caucasus Army Turkish Third Army Casualties ? 25,000 dead or wounded, 9,000 prisoners The Erzurum Campaign was a modest Russian victory over the Turks along the Caucasus Front during World War I. the Erzurum campaign is often known... Combatants Russia Ottoman Empire Commanders Nikolai Yudenich Vehip Pasha Strength Russian Caucasus Army Turkish Third Army Casualties ? 34,000 The Battle of Erzincan was a Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. ... Combatants Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Commanders Tovmas Nazarbekian, Andranik Toros Ozanian Ali Çetinkaya, Mustafa Kemal Strength Russian Caucasus Army Third Army Battle of Bitlis was a battle between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. The first conflict was in July 1915... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders  ? Drastamat Kanayan Strength Third Army  ? Casualties  ?  ? The Battle of Bash Abaran was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Azerbaijan Democratic Republic British Empire United Kingdom Australia New Zealand Diktatura Tsentrokaspiya White Russians Commanders Nuri Pasha Lionel Dunsterville Strength 12,000 Ottoman and Azerbaijani troops of the Army of Islam. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire, First Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha, Vehip Pasha, Kerim Pasha, Mustafa Kemal Nikolai Yudenich The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the Caucasus during World War I between the Russian Empire a member of the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Armavir (Ô±Ö€Õ´Õ¡Õ¾Õ«Ö€ in Armenian) is a city located in southwestern Armenia. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Background

Main article: Caucasus Campaign

Just two months after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, the Ottoman Empire attacked into what had been Russian-Armenian territory.^[3] In violation of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty with Soviet Russia, elements of the Fourth Army crossed the border in May 1918 and attacked Alexandropol (modern-day Gyumri). The Ottoman Army intended to crush the Democratic Republic of Armenia and seize Transcaucasia. The German government objected to this attack and refused to help the Ottoman Army in this operation. Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire, First Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha, Vehip Pasha, Kerim Pasha, Mustafa Kemal Nikolai Yudenich The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the Caucasus during World War I between the Russian Empire a member of the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire... The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief... Soviet Russia is sometimes used as a somewhat sloppy synonym to the Soviet Union — although the term Soviet Russia sometimes refers to Bolshevist Russia from the October Revolution in 1917 to 1922 (Although Russian communists officially formed RSFSR in 1918). ... Gyumri (Armenian: Ô³ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ´Ö€Õ«) is the capital and largest city of the Shirak province in northwest Armenia. ... This article details the military of the Ottoman Empire. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... South Caucasus: Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan South Caucasus (also referred sometimes as Transcaucasus) is a name to the transitional region between Europe and Asia extending from the Greater Caucasus to the Turkish and Iranian borders, between the Black and Caspian seas. ...

At that time, only a small area of historical Armenian territory which used to be a part of Russian Empire remained unconquered by the Ottoman Empire, and into that area hundreds of thousands of Armenian refugees had fled after the Armenian Genocide. Anthem: God Save the Tsar! Russian Empire in 1914 Capital Saint Petersburg Language(s) Russian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1721-1725 Peter the Great  - 1894-1917 Nicholas II History  - Established 22 October, 1721  - February Revolution 2 March, 1917 Area  - 1897 22,400,000 km2 8,648,688 sq mi Population  - 1897... Armenian Genocide photo. ...

The Ottoman Forces began a three-pronged attack in an attempt to conquer Armenia. When Alexandropol fell, the Ottoman Army moved into the Ararat Valley – the heart of Armenia. There they ran into a large (6,000-man?) force under the command of General Movses Silikian. Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan (Armenian: , Russian: , Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. ...

Aftermath

Worried by the Ottoman invasion of Armenia, the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north asked for, and gained, German protection. The Republic of Armenia was forced to sign the Treaty of Batum in June 4, 1918, since the Army of Islam held positions 7 kilometers from Yerevan and only 10 kilometers from Etchmiadzin. Two days later after the battle of Sardarapat on May 28, 1918 Democratic Republic of Armenia was established. Motto: None Anthem: Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Capital Tbilisi Largest city Tbilisi Official language(s) Georgian Government Chairman of the Government Parliamentary democracy Noe Zhordania Independence - Declared - Formerly From the Russian Empire May 26, 1918 Transcaucasian Federation Population c. ... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... In 1918, Enver Pasha, the War Minister for the Ottoman Empire ordered the creation of a new military force. ... Location Location of Yerevan in Armenia Government Country Armenia Established 782 BC Mayor Yervand Zakharyan Geographical characteristics Area  - City 227 km² Population  - City (2004)    - Density 1,226,000   5196. ... Categories: Stub | Tourist attractions in Armenia | Towns and Cities in Armenia | World Heritage Sites in Armenia ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

See also

• Democratic Republic of Armenia
• Sardarapat Memorial

National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918–1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Sardarapat Memorial is located in Armavir, Armenia 25 kilometers from Echmiadzin [1]. In 1968 during the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Sardarapat that took place in May 22-26, 1918 a memorial park was laid out on the spot of the battlefield. ...

References

Sources

• Source: Martin Gilbert "The First World War : A Complete History", pg. 422 (1991?)
• Source: Armenian Highland "The Battle of sardarapat : ", chronicle 225 (1997-2006)
• Source: Hrant sarkisov "Shoulder to shoulder : (May 26, 1918)