Battle of Xuan Loc
Part of the Vietnam War
ARVN soldiers with captured North Vietnamese standards.
Date 9 April-20 April 1975 Location 10°55′56″N 107°14′3″E / 10.93222, 107.23417 (Xuan Loc)Coordinates: 10°55′56″N 107°14′3″E / 10.93222, 107.23417 (Xuan Loc) Xuan Loc, Dong Nai Province, Republic of Vietnam Result Decisive North Vietnamese victory.
Combatants
Democratic Republic of Vietnam	Republic of Vietnam
Commanders
Hoang Cam, Hoang The Thien	Le Minh Dao
Strength
40,000	6,000
Casualties
~5,000 dead and wounded	~2,036 dead and wounded

The Battle of Xuan Loc also known as "The last stand at Xuan Loc", was the last major battle of the Vietnam War that took place in Xuan Loc, Dong Nai Province. Over a period of twelve days, the ARVN 18th Infantry Division attempted to stop three People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) divisions from overunning the town. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 782 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1017 × 780 pixels, file size: 391 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) The U.S. Army Center for Military History (USACMH) Purpose: CMH Online is an outreach service provided by the U.S. Army Center of Military History. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Combatants Vietnam Peoples Army Army of the Republic of Vietnam Commanders General Hoang Cam General Hoang The Hiep (Political Commissar) General Le Minh Dao Strength 40,000 5,000 Casualties 30,000+ dead or wounded 1,500 dead or wounded The Battle of Xuan Loc was the last major... Đồng Nai is a province of Vietnam located east of Saigon. ... National motto: ??? Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809km² N/A population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Vietnam. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by China and the USSR in 1950. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Vietnam. ... National motto: ??? Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809km² N/A population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... Major General Le Minh Dao served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). ... 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Meloy Unknown Casualties 155 US killed 494 US wounded At least 1,106 killed Operation Attleboro was a search-and-destroy operation by the 196th Light Infantry Brigade. ... Operation Cedar Falls was conducted by the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the Vietnam War on January 8 – January 26, 1967 to rout out Viet Cong base camps in the so-called Iron Triangle. ... Combatants North Vietnam Viet Cong South Korea Commanders Unknown commander Captain Jin-Kyung Chung Strength 2,400+ 294 Casualties 200+ killed and 2 captured 15 killed and 33 wounded The Battle of Tra Binh Dong was probably the most famous battle fought by the South Korean Marines during the Vietnam... Combatants Australia Viet Cong Commanders Lt. ... Operation Junction City was one of the largest airborne operations since Market Garden in the latter half of World War II, and one of the largest operations of the Vietnam conflict. ... 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Combatants United States (U.S.) Republic of Vietnam (RVN) Kingdom of Laos Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) Pathet Lao (PL) Casualties Unknown Unknown Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division (later the Seventh Air Force) and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and... For the American mail service, see Pony Express. ... During the Vietnam War, United States President Lyndon B. Johnson in February 1965 ordered a series of reprisal air strikes after a number of attacks on U.S. bases, particularly on a U.S. installation at Pleiku. ... Combatants  United States Republic of Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders Joseph H. Moore, William W. Momyer, George S. Brown Phung The Tai (Air Defense), Nguyen Van Tien (Air Force) Casualties United States: ~835 killed, captured, or missing VNAF: Unknown ~20,000 military, ~72,000 civilian Operation Rolling Thunder was... 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Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Combatants Vietnam Peoples Army Army of the Republic of Vietnam Commanders General Hoang Cam General Hoang The Hiep (Political Commissar) General Le Minh Dao Strength 40,000 5,000 Casualties 30,000+ dead or wounded 1,500 dead or wounded The Battle of Xuan Loc was the last major... Đồng Nai is a province of Vietnam located east of Saigon. ... The 18th Division was an infantry division in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. ... The Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN) is the term used by the Vietnamese for their armed forces. ...

In regards to Saigon, General Van Tien Dung planned to launch a five pronged drive on the South Vietnamese capital, but wishing to avoid the same level of destruction inflicted during the Tet Offensive. As a result, General Dung made a decision to throw his regular units against the ARVN, and try to destroy the irreplaceable South Vietnamese units to prevent them from regrouping in Saigon. Văn Tiến Dũng (May 2, 1917 – March 17, 2002) was Chief of the General Staff for the Peoples Army of Vietnam from 1953 to 1978 and Minister of Defense of Vietnam from December, 1980 to 1986. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam, United States, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Australia National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, Democratic Republic of Vietnam Commanders William C. Westmoreland Võ Nguyên Giáp Strength 1. ...

During the fight for Xuan Loc both sides displayed feats of courage, leadership and determination. For the soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam led by Major General Le Minh Dao in particular, the battle proved that they were determined fighters, contrary to a percentage of Western media which often portrayed them as cowards. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... Major General Le Minh Dao served in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). ...

Setup

Following their victories in the Central Highlands, the Communist forces were applying pressure on the South Vietnamese on all battlefields. Xuan Loc, located in Long Khanh Province, was a small town that occupied the key roads into the capital, Saigon.

The main North Vietnamese formation moving towards Xuan Loc were the 341st, 6th and 7th Divisions. Defiantly blocking their way were the ARVN 18th Division, Long Khanh provincial forces, and 82nd Ranger Battalion. On 12 April 1975, the 1st Airborne Brigade, made up of four Airborne Battalions and one Airborne artillery battalion, was moved into the area of operations by helicopter. The 18th Division was an infantry division in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. ...

Battle

Following the initial assault on April 9, the 341st VPA Division bombarded Xuan Loc with more than four thousand rounds of artillery fire. North Vietnamese tanks and infantry began moving into the streets of Xuan Loc, and the battle which followed was unique in many respects for the Vietnam War, involving units of divisional size, devastatingly effective VNAF airpower and sophisticated US-made BLU-82 Daisy Cutters. Between the 3rd and 11th of April, North Vietnamese units attempted to push into Xuan Loc, but the 43rd and 52nd ARVN Regiments held their ground as one assault after another was beaten back. is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Daisy Cutter can be a type of fuse. ...

When the situation in the area was temporarily stabilised, the South Vietnamese air force began resupplying the ground forces. On April 12, 93 tons of artillery ammunition was flown in by CH-47 Chinook helicopters, and another 100 tons arrived the following day. While resupplying efforts were underway, flights of A-1 Skyraiders were called in to provide close-air-support as South Vietnamese C-130s blasted North Vietnamese formations using Daisy Cutter bombs. // The VNAF (abbreviation for Viet Nam Air Force, Vietnamese is Khong Quan Viet Nam) started off as a few hand picked men chosen to fly the worlds 6th largest air force at the height of its power, in 1974. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Boeing CH-47 Chinook is a versatile, twin-engine, tandem rotor heavy-lift helicopter. ... The Douglas A-1 (formerly AD) Skyraider was a U.S. single-seat attack bomber of the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s. ... The Lockheed C-130 Hercules, a four-engine turboprop aircraft, is the main tactical air transport aircraft of the United States and UK military forces. ... Daisy Cutter can be a type of fuse. ...

On April 13 the North Vietnamese forces resumed their attack, fighting with the 1st Battalion of the 43rd ARVN Regiment. is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

After 12 days and nights of ferocious combat against the North Vietnamese Army, the ARVN defenders gradually give ground when Military Region III headquarters ordered the 18th Infantry Division and other units to pull back to Bien Hoa. The 18th Division had to fight its way out with the supporting armoured task force losing half of its equipment. Coincidentally, the 6th VPA Division was also moving the same direction as the ARVN, with 130mm artillery pieces aimed at Bien Hoa airbase. On the morning of April 16, artillery and rocket strikes damaged six F-5s and 14 A-37s. The artillery attack on Bien Hoa also marked the end of organised resistance after heavy assaults on ARVN positions along Routes 1 and 20. On April 20, all resistance were ended with the 1st ARVN Airborne Brigade withdrawing towards Ba Ria in Phuoc Tuy where it continued to fight. Bien Hoa is a city in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, about 20 miles (30 kilometers) east of Ho Chi Minh City, to which Bien Hoa is linked by Vietnam Highway 1. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Location in Vietnam of Ba Ria and Vung Tau. ...

In contrast to the general impression of total collapse on the part of the ARVN, the events at Xuan Loc was described as 'heroic and gallant' by the South Vietnamese defenders. It was one of the few places where the ARVN, though outnumbered, stood and fought with a tenacity which stunned their opponents. The stand of the ARVN so impressed the rest of the entire South Vietnamese Army, that previously routed, they grew confident again. News reporters were flown in from around the world to witness the battlefield strewn with VPA casualties, repelled in assault after assault with heavy losses, including at least 37 T-54 tanks destroyed or knocked out. Even the official Vietnamese Communist history of the Vietnam War states that the fighting at Xuan Loc was "cruel". The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ...

Aftermath

With Xuan Loc and all of Long Khanh Province secured, the gateway to Saigon was opened for North Vietnam's final assault. The only thing stood on their way were small pockets of desperate ARVN defenders.

For South Vietnam and its government, the fall of Xuan Loc was another painful blow following the loss of the Central Highlands. But for the men of the 18th Infantry Division and other units, inside a larger defeat they could find a personal victory, as they proved for the last time during this decade-long conflict that they could stand and fight. Municipality of Central Highlands The Municipality of Central Highlands is a local government area of Tasmania. ...

Order Of Battle

North Vietnam

• 341st Division
• 6th Division
• 7th Division
• Independent 95A Regiment
• 75th Artillery Group

40th anniversary of Vietnam Peoples Army, commemorated on 1984 Vietnam postage stamp block The Vietnam Peoples Army (VPA) (Vietnamese: ) is official name for the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ...

South Vietnam

• 18th Infantry Division [1]
• Task Force 43 (43rd Regiment, 5th Armoured Cavalry Squadron, 82nd Ranger Battalion and Regional Forces)
• 48th Regiment
• 52nd Regiment
• 1st Airborne Brigade
• South Vietnamese Air Force 3rd Division
• South Vietnamese Air Force 4th Division

The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was a military component of the armed forces of the Republic of Vietnam (commonly known as South Vietnam). ... The 18th Division was an infantry division in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. ...

References

• Davidson, Philip. B Vietnam at War. Novato CA: Presidio Press, 1984.
• Len, Hua Yen, Chief of Staff for Operations, 18th Infantry Division, (1988) "The Line of Steel at Xuan Loc: 12 Days and Nights of Ferocious Combat"
• Vien, General Cao Van, The Final Collapse. Washington DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1983.

External links

• Battle of Xuan Loc - Photographs