The Battle of Yijing (易京之戰) took part shortly before the fall of the Han Empire in China, which began the era known as the Three Kingdoms. It was fought between rival warlords Gongsun Zan, renowned as the White Horse General because of his cavalry, and Yuan Shao, a scion of the esteemed Yuan clan and former head of the Anti-Dong Zhuo alliance. The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... Events Publius Septimius Geta receives the title of Caesar. ... Events Pope Zephyrinus succeeds Pope Victor I Geodeung succeeds Suro as king of the Korean kingdom of Gaya. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Gongsun Zan (公孫瓚 gong1 sun1 zan4), courtesy name Bogui, was a warlord of northern China active toward the end of the second century AD. He was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty empire fighting against various non-Chinese peoples. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Gongsun Zan (公孫瓚 gong1 sun1 zan4), courtesy name Bogui, was a warlord of northern China active toward the end of the second century AD. He was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty empire fighting against various non-Chinese peoples. ... Zhang Yan the bandit leader of the Black Mountains. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... 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Between 225 and 230, the Kingdom of Shu (a Chinese state that existed during the Three Kingdoms period) undertook a military campaign in its southern territories after incidents of rebellion by local governors (Zhu Bao, Gao Ding and Yong Kai) and intrusions by the Nanman (southern barbarians). Nanman was located... The Northern Expeditions (北伐) were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu against the northern state of Wei from A.D. 228 to 234. ... The Battle of Jieting was a battle fought during the First Northern Expedition led by Zhuge Liang. ... Combatants Shu Han Cao Wei Commanders Zhuge Liang† Yang Yi, Fei Yi Sima Yi Strength 100,000 200,000 The Battle of Wuzhang Plains (五丈原之戰) is a famous standoff between the kingdoms of Wei and Shu in 234 A.D. during the Three Kingdoms period of China. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ... Gongsun Zan (公孫瓚 gong1 sun1 zan4), courtesy name Bogui, was a warlord of northern China active toward the end of the second century AD. He was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty empire fighting against various non-Chinese peoples. ... Yuan Shao (? – 202) was a major warlord occupying the north of ancient China during the massive civil war towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era. ... Dong Zhuo (董卓; Pinyin: DÇ’ng Zhuō) (? – 192) was a warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period in ancient China. ...

The two warlords had been fighting for dominion over the north for some time, but eventually Yuan Shao gained the upper hand. However, Gongsun Zan still had a large army which could cause trouble if not finished off.

Gongsun Zan, seeing he could gain victory during this era, decided to secure himself. He built a capital city called Yijing where he built many large towers on top of many mounds where he and his generals lived. There were ten mounts around the city and the towers had iron doors with huge grain supplies for Zan to use to live out the civil wars of his country.

Zan decided to let his troops out his fortress fight for themselves thinking they would see the only option they had was to fight hard. However, instead they killed their generals and surrendered or died easily while fighting. In time Yuan Shao's army reached the gates of Yijing, but the city withstood several attacks form the Yuan army for years till 198. Events Publius Septimius Geta receives the title of Caesar. ...

Gongsun Zan sent his son Gongsun Xu to request help from the bandits of Heishan in the in the Taihang Mountains. The idea was to attack Jizhou (冀州) and cut off Yuan's line of retreat forcing him to abandon the siege. The first stages of the plan went well with Zhang Yan agreeing to help Zan but after that the plan changed to saving Yijing. With 10,000 men on the way Zan sent a message to his son telling him to lay an ambush of 5,000 elite cavalry on low ground north of the city. They were then to signal Zan to charge out of the city with his troops, planning to surround Yuan Shao's troops. In the Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Gongsun Xu (公孫續) was an officer under Gongsun Zan and also Zans son. ... The Taihang Mountains (太行山) are a mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau. ... Zhang Yan the bandit leader of the Black Mountains. ...

Unfortunately Yuan Shao's troops caught the messenger and laid their own troops in ambush. The Yuan forces then signaled Zan, routing his unit and forcing him back into the city. Yuan's troops followed up their success by digging tunnels under the city and then supporting them with beams which they later torched. The tunnel went into the center of the city and its collapse caused Zan's towers to begin to collapse as well. Accounts state that Zan killed his family, but vary on to whether he committed suicide by self-immolation or was murdered before he was burnt along with his tower. Thích Quảng Đức pictured during his self-immolation. ...

Sources

• China Historical Forum.