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Battle of the Imjin River
Part of the Korean War
Date 22 - 25 April 1951 Location Imjin River, Korea Result Pyrrhic Chinese victory
Combatants
People's Volunteer Army	United Nations forces: - United States, - United Kingdom
Commanders
General Peng Dehuai	General Matthew Ridgway [1]
Strength
10,000 (+ Divisions in waiting)	700 of the British 29th Infantry Brigade
Casualties
~20,00 Chinese; 63rd Army pulled out of action.	~650 British (including capture)

For the similarly named battle during the Seven-Year War, see Battle of Imjin River (1592).

The Battle of the Imjin River took place between April 22 – April 25, 1951 during the Korean War. The opposing forces were the attacking People's Volunteer Army aiding North Korea and the defending British Force sent to aid South Korea and under the command of the United Nations. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... (Redirected from 22 April) April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... U.S. Army Corps of Engineers establish a floating bridge across the Imjin River. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... The Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army (PVA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a volunteer army deployed by the Chinese government during the Korean War. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Peng Dehuai . Péng Déhuái (T. Chinese: 彭德懷, S. Chinese: 彭德怀, Wade-Giles: Peng Te-huai) (October 24, 1898 - November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader. ... Matthew Bunker Ridgway (March 3, 1895–July 26, 1993) was a United States Army general. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants Task Force Smith(US) Korean Peoples Army 4th Division Commanders LTC. Charles B. Smith Strength 406 1,100 Casualties 120 killed, 36 captured 42 killed, 85 wounded This battle was the first engagement between US and North Korean forces during the Korean War. ... The Battle of Pusan Perimeter was fought in August and September of 1950 between United Nations forces combined with South Korean forces and the forces of North Korea. ... // Combatants United Nations: United States  United Kingdom  Republic of Korea Canada  Australia  Netherlands  France Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Commanders Douglas MacArthur Arthur Dewey Struble Syngman Rhee Jeong Il-Gwon Kim Il-sung Choi Yong-Kun Strength 40,000[1]  ? Casualties 566 killed 2,713 wounded 14,000 casualties... Combatants United Nations * Australia * United Kingdom * United States * Democratic People’s Republic of Korea * People’s Republic of China Strength 27th Commonwealth Brigade *1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders *3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment *Middlesex Regiment Casualties Australia KIA: 14 WIA: 32 The Battle of Pakchon was a battle in... Combatants Peoples Volunteer Army United Nations forces; including American and British Marines Commanders Song Shi-Lun Oliver Smith Strength 60,000 30,000 Casualties 25,000 killed, 12,500 wounded, 30,000 frostbite casualties 2,500 dead, 192 missing, 5,000 wounded, 7,500 cold-related injuries The Battle... Task Force Faith, also sometimes referred to as Task Force Maclean (and by its official designation, RCT 31) was a U.S. Army unit destroyed in fighting at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War between November 27 and December 2, 1950. ... The Battle of the Twin Tunnels took place during the Korean War. ... Operation Ripper was a military operation which was planned to repel the Chinese and North Korean troops from Seoul and to bring UN troops to the 38th Parallel. ... Combatants US Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea Operation Courageous was designed to trap large numbers of Chinese and North Korean troops between the Han River (Korea) and Imjin Rivers north of Seoul, opposite the South Korean I Corps. ... Operation Tomahawk was an airborne military operation by the 187th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) in March 1951 at Munsan-ni as part of Operation Courageous in the Korean War. ... The Battle of Yultong Bridge was a minor battle against the Great Spring Offensive fought in the Korean War, against the United Nations Command. ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... The Battle of Bloody Ridge took place during the Korean War from August 18th to September 5th, 1951. ... The Battle of Heartbreak Ridge was a month long battle in the Korean War. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Battle of Hill Eerie refers to several Korean War engagements between the United Nations forces and the Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) in 1952 at the infamous of Hill Eerie. ... Combatants Korean Peoples Army Soviet Air Force United Nations Command Far East Air Forces Task Force 77 Commanders unknown Lt. ... Combatants U.S. 45th Infantry Division U.S. 2nd Infantry Division Chinese Peoples Volunteers The Battle of Old Baldy usually refers to a series of five engagements over a period of 10 months for Hill 266 in west-central Korea, though there was also vicous fighting both before and... The Hook During the 1951-1953 Korean War, elements of the United Nations Forces were engaged in fierce fighting to prevent Chinese forces from gaining ground, prior to a possible cease fire. ... The Battle of Pork Chop Hill refers to a pair of related Korean War engagements during the spring and summer of 1953. ... Combatants 15th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team 5 Company P, Greek Expeditionary Forces Battalion Chinese Peoples Volunteers Outpost Harry was located in what was commonly referred to as the Iron Triangle in Korea. ... Combatants Joseon Dynasty Korea, Ming Dynasty China Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi Commanders Korea: Yi Sun-sin, Gwon Yul, Won Gyun, Kim Myung Won, Yi Il, Sin Lip, Gwak Jae-u, Kim Shi-min China: Li Rusong , Li Rubai, Ma Gui , Qian Shi-zhen, Ren Ziqiang, Yang Yuan, Zhang Shijue, Chen... Combatants Joseon Dynasty Korea Ming Dynasty China Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi Commanders Adm. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Combatants United Nations:  Republic of Korea,  Australia,  Belgium,  Luxembourg,  Canada,  Colombia,  Ethiopia,  France,  Greece,  Luxembourg,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  Philippines,  South Africa,  Thailand,  Turkey,  United Kingdom,  United States Medical staff:  Denmark,  Australia,  Italy,  Norway,  Sweden Communist states:  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,  Peoples Republic of China,  Soviet Union Commanders... The Chinese Peoples Volunteer Army (PVA) (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a volunteer army deployed by the Chinese government during the Korean War. ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ...

In April 1951, the Chinese Spring Offensive, also known as the Fifth Phase Offensive, was launched. This was a major effort, involving 3 Field Armies (up to 700,000 men). The main blow fell on US I Corps, but fierce resistance in battles at Kapyong and the Imjin river, blunted its impetus, and the Chinese were halted at a defensive line north of Seoul (referred to as No-Name Line). Unit crest of the United States Army I Corps, Americas Corps. ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... U.S. Army Corps of Engineers establish a floating bridge across the Imjin River. ...

Course of the Battle

The battle took place during the Chinese Spring Offensive.

The forces involved on the Chinese side were the 3rd Field Army, consisting of the 64th Army on the western flank, 63rd Army in the centre, and 65th Army in the east. These were positioned on the northern bank of the Imjin River, but concentrated some way back, as was usual for Chinese forces at this time.

Facing them on the southern bank were the British 29th Infantry Brigade (commanded by Brigadier General Tom Brodey), consisting of the 1st battalion Gloucestershire Regiment on the left, 1Btn Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (RNF) in the centre, and, on the right the 1Btn Royal Ulster Rifles(RUR), with the Belgian battalion forward of them. The Gloucesters were guarding a ford over the Imjin, known as Gloster crossing; the RUR were covering Ulster crossing, while the Belgians were north of the river occupying a feature called Hill 196, around the village of Tagampo. The 29th Infantry Brigade was a regular brigade in the British Army during the Second World War. ... Cap badge and back badge of the Gloucestershire Regiment The Gloucestershire Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army. ... THE ROYAL NORTHUMBERLAND FUSILIERS Nomenclature One of Englands premier county regiments, the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers can trace its ancestory back to the year 1674. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

The battle opened on night of 22nd April 1951; after a fierce bombardment, 3 Chinese divisions of 63 Army attacked along 29 Bdes front, concentrating on Gloster crossing and the Belgian positions. By morning, 187 Div had forced the crossing and were pressing on the Gloucesters A and D companies positions; in the east 189 Div had the Belgians surrounded, but a counter-attack by tanks and infantry of US 3rd Div during the day (23rd April) enabled them to withdraw. Shoulder sleeve patch of the United States Army 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized). ...

Chinese attacks through the night of the 23rd saw continued pressure on 29th Bde, leaving the Gloucesters surrounded on Hill 235 (later known as Gloster Hill) and forcing RNF to fight their way south. RUR acted as rear-guard before withdrawing also to a new defensive position at the Takchong crossroads. The hill designated Hill 235 during the Korean War is remembered as Gloster Hill because of the actions of the Gloucestershire Regiment (the Glorious Glosters) in following their orders to Hold on where you are during the Battle of the Imjin River 1951. ...

An attempt by US and Filipino forces to break though on the 24th to the Gloucesters was beaten back, and on the 25th, all resistance on Gloster Hill was crushed. In the 3 days of fighting, the determined resistance of 29 Bde severely disrupted the Chinese offensive, causing it to lose momentum and allowed UN forces in the area to withdraw to the No-Name Line, a defensible position north of Seoul, where the PVA were halted.^[1][2]

The "Glosters"

The Gloucestershire Regiment were assigned to guard one of the crossings across the Imjin River. When the Chinese first attacked, they were held up by only a couple hundred men at the crossing, now called "Gloster Crossing". But the Chinese kept attacking, and the men at Gloster Crossing ran out of ammunition. They had no choice; reduced to only one officer and less than sixty men, and relying entirely on supporting artillery, they had to fall back and rejoin the rest of the battalion on Gloster Hill.

The Glosters were fighting off the Chinese, but things were getting precarious. The Glosters were almost surrounded. Acting in desperation, Brodey sent a column of tanks up the only road to Gloster Hill, determining to blast his way throuth to the Glosters. But then disaster struck when the lead tank was hit. The tank was blown sideways, blocking the route; all hope of getting through to the Glosters vanished. Brodey's tanks left the Glosters to their fate.

During the course of the battle, (and true to their actions at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801 for which the regiment has the distinction of wearing badges both at the front and at the back of their head-dress), the 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (the Glorious Glosters), and their mortar battery — numbering at most 750 men in total — fought on when surrounded on Gloster Hill by at least 4 Chinese divisions of 10,000 men. The Egyptian city of Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleons expedition of 1798. ... A cap badge, also known as head badge or hat badge, is a badge worn on uniform headgear and distinguishes the wearers organisation. ... Cap badge and back badge of the Gloucestershire Regiment The Gloucestershire Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Army. ... The hill designated Hill 235 during the Korean War is remembered as Gloster Hill because of the actions of the Gloucestershire Regiment (the Glorious Glosters) in following their orders to Hold on where you are during the Battle of the Imjin River 1951. ...

Finally towards the end of the struggle, some of the Glosters prepared for the fight of their lives. Those Glosters who could planned to try to make a break for it. Those who could not run would spend the last of their ammunition providing cover fire. The Glosters set out.

The Gloucestershire Regiment had started the Battle of the Imjin with between 700-750 men. At the end of the battle, only 63 Glosters had made it back to the Allied lines. The rest were either killed or captured.

Awards and Citations

In this action two Victoria Crosses and one George Cross were awarded: Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ... The George Cross (GC) is the highest Commonwealth decoration awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry not in the face of the enemy, while the Victoria Cross is awarded for valour in the face of the enemy. ...

• Lieutenant-Colonel Carne, who commanded the battalion, was awarded the Victoria Cross.
• Lieutenant Curtis, who had recently learnt of his wife's death and who died in a lone counter-attack on enemy machine-guns, was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross .
• Lieutenant Waters, who died in captivity, was awarded a posthumous George Cross for his conduct shortly after capture.

Three Commonwealth Regiments were awarded the United States Distinguished Unit Citation for their part in the battle: James Power Carne (VC, DSO) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Philip Kenneth Edward Curtis was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Lieutenant Terence Edward Waters GC Born June 1, 1929; Died April 22, 1951, Pyongyang, Korea He was awarded the GC in recognition of gallant and distinguished services whilst a prisoner of war of North Korea, having been captured at the Battle of the Imjin River during the Korean War. ... The George Cross (GC) is the highest Commonwealth decoration awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry not in the face of the enemy, while the Victoria Cross is awarded for valour in the face of the enemy. ... Please see Presidential Unit Citation for other versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on...

• The 1st Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment, together with C Troop 170 Heavy Mortar Battery Royal Artillery
• The 3rd Battalion Royal Australian Regiment, (Battle of Kapyong April 22-25, 1951).
• The 2nd Battalion of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry Regiment. (Battle of Kapyong April 22-25, 1951)

On the 8 May 1951, by the command of President Truman, General van Fleet presented the President's Distinguished Unit Citation to the Glosters, together with C Troop 170 Heavy Mortar Battery, which had given invaluable support throughout the battle. The citation says: Tactical Recognition Flash of the Royal Artillery The Royal Regiment of Artillery, generally known as the Royal Artillery (RA), is, despite its name, a corps of the British Army. ... The Royal Australian Regiment (RAR) is the parent regiment for regular infantry battalions of the Australian Army, making up the majority of the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI) is an infantry regiment in the Canadian Forces (CF), belonging to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG). ... Combatants United Nations Australia Canada China Casualties 43 killed 87 Wounded 3 Captured 1,000+ Killed The Battle of Kapyong was waged during the Korean War. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (129th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... For the victim of Mt. ... James Alward Van Fleet (March 19, 1892 - September 23, 1992) was a U.S. Army general during World War II and the Korean War. ...

The 1st. Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment, British Army and Troop C. 170th Independent Mortar Battery, Royal Artillery, attached, are cited for exceptionally outstanding performance of duty and extraordinary heroism in action against the armed enemy near Solma-ri, Korea on the 23rd, 24th, and 25th of April 1951.

The 1st. Battalion and Troop C were defending a very critical sector of the battle front during a determined attack by the enemy. The defending units were overwhelmingly outnumbered.

The 63rd Chinese Communist Army drove the full force of its savage assault at the positions held by the 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment and attached unit. The route of supply ran southeast from the Battalion between two hills.

The hills dominated the surrounding terrain northwest to Imjin River. Enemy pressure built up on the battalion front during the day, 23 April. On 24 April, the weight of the attack had driven the right flank of the battalion back. The pressure grew heavier and heavier and the battalion and attached unit were forced into a perimeter defense on Hill 235. During the night, heavy enemy forces had by-passed the staunch defenders and closed all avenues of escape. The courageous soldiers of the battalion and attached unit were holding the critical route selected by the enemy for one column of the general offensive designed to encircle and destroy I Corps. These gallant soldiers would not retreat. As they were compressed tighter and tighter in their perimeter defense, they called for close-in air strikes to assist in holding firm. Completely surrounded by tremendous numbers, these indomitable, resolute, and tenacious soldiers fought back with unsurpassed fortitude and courage. As ammunition ran low and the advancing hordes moved closer and closer, these splendid soldiers fought back viciously to prevent the enemy from overrunning the position and moving rapidly on the south. Their heroic stand provided the critically needed time to regroup other I Corps units and block the southern advance of the enemy. Time and again efforts were made to reach the battalion, but the enemy strength blocked each effort. Without thought of defeat or surrender, this heroic force demonstrated superb battlefield courage and discipline. Every yard of ground they surrendered was covered with enemy dead until the last gallant soldier of the fighting battalion was overpowered by the final surge of the enemy masses. The 1st. Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment and Trop C. 170th. Independent Mortar Battery displayed such gallantry, determination, and esprit de corps in accomplishing their mission under extremely difficult and hazardous conditions as to set them apart and above other units participating in the same battle. Their sustained brilliance in battle, their resoluteness, and extraordinary heroism are in keeping with the finest traditions of the renowned military forces of the British Commonwealth, and reflect unsurpassed credit on these courageous soldiers and their homeland.

Lieutenant Guy Temple was awarded the Military Cross for his actions when a platoon from C Company, 1st Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment stopped four attempts by Chinese Communist Forces to cross the river on April 22, only withdrawing when the platoon ran short of ammunition. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers establish a floating bridge across the Imjin River. ... The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ...

Captain Mike Harvey was awarded the Military Cross for his leadership of a group of 5 officers and 41 men of D Company who escaped and evaded the Chinese encirclement. The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. ...

The Belgian United Nations Command (BUNC), which was attached to the British 29th Brigade and replaced the 900 men of The Royal Ulster Rifles on 20 April 1951, initially held the brigade's right flank. It also included a Luxembourg platoon. It fought the Chinese there and then conducted a fighting withdrawal, supported by U.S. forces, before taking position in the center of the brigade's line, ahead of brigade headquarters, for the attempts to relieve the Glosters. The Belgian battalion was awarded the United States Distinguished Unit Citation and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation for their conduct during the battle. Categories: Possible copyright violations ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Please see Presidential Unit Citation for other versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on... Korean P.U.C. The Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation is issued by the government of South Korea to both Korean military and foreign units. ...

US citation:

By decision of the President concurrent with the dispositions of the execution order 9396 (Sec. I, War Department Bulletin 22, 1943) etc. ... , the following unit is mentioned on the daily order as a public testimonial of deserved honor and distinction.

Citation

The Belgian battalion with the Luxemburg detachment of the UN Forces in Korea is mentioned for exceptional execution of its missions and for its remarkable heroism in its actions against the enemy on the Imjin, near Hantangang, Korea during the period from 20 till 26 April 1951. The Belgian battalion with the Luxemburg detachment, one of the smallest units of the UNO in Korea, has inflicted thirty-fold losses on the enemy compared to its own, due to its aggressive and courageous actions against the Communist Chinese. During this period considerable enemy forces, supported by fire by machine guns, mortars and artillery, repeatedly and heavily attacked the positions held by the battalion but, Belgians and Luxembourgers have continuously and bravely repulsed these fanatic attacks by inflicting heavy losses to the enemy forces. When the Chinese troops had succeeded in occupying positions endangering the liaison with the allied neighboring units, The Belgian battalion with the Luxembourg detachment launched furious counter-attacks with the bayonet. The enemy, surprised by the tenacity of these attacks became disorganised and withdrew in disorder. Finally, the Belgian-Luxembourg battalion withdrew by order of higher authority, evacuated its wounded, was resupplied and requested to be put back in the line. Having arrived at the frontline again, numerous enemy infantry and cavalry units were observed heading south. When the enemy was sufficiently close, the Belgian-Luxembourg battalion launched a rain of mortar shells with the devastating effect that its front area was covered with bodies. When the Chinese communists continued to bring in fresh troops in the attack, the Belgian-Luxembourg troops fought a successful delaying battle which enabled the adjoining positions to be methodically evacuated with minimum losses. The Belgian battalion with the Luxemburg detachment has shown so much proof of courage, decision and esprit de corps in the accomplishment of its missions during these actions in difficult and hazardous circumstances, that it has to be placed above any other units participating in these actions. The extraordinary courage shown by the members of this units during this period has bestowed extraordinary honor on their country and on themselves

By order of General VAN FLEET. The Hantan River is a river in South Korea, flowing through Gangwon and Gyeonggi Provinces. ...

Henri I. HODES. Major general, US Army. Chief of Staff.

References

1. ^ Brian Catchpole The Korean War ISBN 1-84119-413-1
2. ^ Anthony Farrar-Hockley: The British Part in the Korean War Vol II An Honourable Discharge ISBN 0-11-630-958-X

^20th Century Battlefields: War in Korea. TV. Military Channel (formerly Discovery Wings)

External links

• The Royal Gazette: Obituary of Bernard Leroy Martin (one of three Bermudian Glosters at Imjin).
• http://hendrik.atspace.com/eng/Bunc.html: complete story of the BUNC, with reports of the battles they participated in, unit awards and personal decorations (Belgian and foreign).
• The Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum , which holds the archives of the Gloucestershire Regiment including documents and artefacts related to the battle.