The Battle of Lechfeld (10 August 955), perhaps the defining event for holding off the incursions of the Magyars into Central Europe, was a decisive victory by Otto the Great, King of the Germans, over the Magyar leaders, the harka (military leader) Bulcsú and the chieftains Lél (Lehel) and Súr. Located south of Augsburg, the Lechfeld is the flood plain that lies along the Lech River. The battle appears as the Battle of Augsburg in Hungarian historiography. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Eastern Francia were the lands of Louis the German after the Treaty of Verdun of 843. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Otto I at his victory over Berengar of Friuli Grave of Otto I in Magdeburg Otto I the Great ( November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of the Germans and arguably the... Horka or harka was a title used by the Magyar tribes in the 9th and centuries. ... Lehel killing his captor, miniature of the Chronicon Pictum, 1360. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Otto I at his victory over Berengar of Friuli Grave of Otto I in Magdeburg Otto I the Great ( November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of the Germans and arguably the... Horka or harka was a title used by the Magyar tribes in the 9th and centuries. ... Lehel killing his captor, miniature of the Chronicon Pictum, 1360. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... The river Lech, in the background the city of Landsberg The river Lech in Augsburg The Lech (Licus, Licca) is a river in Austria and Germany. ... [<br /> ---- Julius Caesar was born in the year 100 BC] Historiography is a term with multiple meanings that has changed with time, place and observer, and is thus resistant to a single encompassing meaning. ...

Otto's victory came at a critical time. Many decades of Magyar raiding had highlighted the inability of the later Carolingian kings of Germany to demonstrate that they were more than kings in name. Moreover, by using siege engines to attack the walls of Augsburg on August 8 – 9, the Magyars demonstrated a partial adoption of advanced western techniques of war. A victory at Augsburg would open a new and fearful phase of the conflict where walled cities would no longer be safe. Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ...

According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey, Otto "pitched his camp in the territory of the city of Augsburg and joined there the forces of Henry I, Duke of Bavaria, who was himself lying mortally ill nearby, and by duke Conrad with a large following of Franconian knights. Conrad's unexpected arrival so encouraged the warriors that they wished to attack the enemy immediately." [1]. Conrad's arrival was particularly heartening because the exiled duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Otto's son-in-law, had recently thrown in his lot with the Magyars, but now returned to fight under Otto; in the ensuing battle he lost his life. A legion of Swabians were commanded by duke Burchard, who had married Hedwig, the daughter of Henry, the brother of Otto. Also among those fighting under Otto was Boleslav I of Bohemia. And of course about 3,000 Saxons were commanded by Otto himself. Widukind of Corvey was a Saxon historical chronicler, named after the famous Saxon national hero Widukind. ... Henry I (919/921 – November 1, 955) was Duke of Bavaria. ... Conrad the Red (German: Konrad der Rote) (died 10 August 955) was Duke of Lotharingia and Franconia. ... Franconia (German: Franken) is a historic region in modern Germany, which today forms three administrative regions of the German federal state of Bavaria: Lower Franconia (Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken), and Upper Franconia (Oberfranken). ... Lotharingia (yellow), as established by the Treaty of Verdun, 843, and reduced by the Treaty of Mersen, 870 Lotharingia was a short-lived kingdom in western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned 855–869), who received it in 855 from his father, Lothair I... Germany. ... Boleslaus I the Cruel Boleslaus I the Cruel (Czech: ) (died July 15, 972 (or 967)), was the Duke of Bohemia from 935 to 972 (or 929 - 967). ...

With his in-laws and allies, Otto had managed to gather around him approximately 10,000 heavy cavalry ("eight legions in all" being Widukind's figure), in order to fight against the 50,000 or so Magyar light cavalry, according to chroniclers; modern historians assess the forces at figures that range as low as about a tenth of these figures. After Otto approached the Magyar force, their horsemen crossed the Lech unexpectedly; he was suddenly outflanked by a number of Magyar cavalry, so that his smaller force was caught in between two much larger forces, which should have led to his encirclement and defeat. However, the flanking Magyar force dismounted to loot the German baggage train; Otto was able to send part of his force to sweep over these dismounted troops, resulting in their annihilation.

With this accomplished, his combined force charged at the Magyar line. Despite a volley of arrows from the Magyars (which were mainly deflected by the German shields), Otto's army smashed into the Magyar line, and began to sweep over it. Bulcsú feigned retreat with part of his force, in an attempt to lure Otto's men into breaking their line in pursuit, but to no avail. The German line maintained formation and routed the Magyars from the field. The German forces maintained discipline and methodically pursued the Magyars for the next couple of days, rather than dispersing jubilantly, as German forces had been wont to do. [2] "Some of the enemy sought refuge in nearby villages, their horses being worn out; these were surrounded and burnt to death within the walls." The captured Magyars were either executed, or sent back to their ruling prince, Taksony missing their ears and noses; on their return the Hungarian dukes Lél, Bulcsú and Sur, who were not Árpáds, were executed. "Never was so bloody a victory gained over so savage a people," was Widukind's conclusion. Taksony (c. ... The Árpáds (Hungarian: Árpádok, Slovak: Arpádovci, Croatian: Arpadovići) were a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ...

On the field of battle the great German lords raised Otto on their shields in the Germanic manner and proclaimed him Emperor. A few years later, on the strength of it, Otto went to Rome and had himself crowned emperor by the pope. The Magyars retreated to the Carpathian Basin, where they settled into a more agricultural way of life and were eventually Christianized. There was no further threat to Europe from the Eurasian steppes until the Mongols swept in during the 13th century (Genghis Khan). The Pannonian plain is a large plain in central/south-eastern Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting pagan practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ...

Source

• Widukind: an excerpt
• De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History