The Battle of the Philippines was the invasion of the Philippines by Japan in 1941-42, and the defence of the islands by Filipino and United States forces. Although the result was a Japanese victory, the perseverance of the defenders delayed Japanese attacks on other areas, and assisting in Allied counterattacks from late 1942 onwards. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Pacific War, which is known in Japan as the Greater East Asia War and in China as the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (kang-Ri zhanzheng, literally Resist Japan War), occurred in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in Asia. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... MacArthur landing at Leyte Beach in 1944. ... Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (August 23, 1883 – September 2, 1953), as a Lieutenant General, was the commanding officer of the Philippine Department at the time of its surrender to the Japanese, during World War II. Wainwright was married to Adele Holley Wainwright (1887–1979). ... Masaharu Homma, also known as the Poet General, was the Japanese General in charge of the Bataan death march in the Philippines during 1942. ... Attack on Pearl Harbor Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date December 7, 1941 Place Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Result Japanese victory The Attack on Pearl Harbor occured on the morning of December 7, 1941, when planes and midget submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo... The Battle of Hong Kong took place during World War II. It began on December 8, 1941 and ended on Christmas Day with the then British colony of Japan. ... Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date 10 December 1941 Place South China Sea Result Japanese victory The Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse was a World War II naval engagement which showed once and for all the effectiveness of aerial attacks... Wake Island - NASA NLT Landsat 7 (Visible Color) Satellite Image Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is an atoll (having a coastline of 19. ... Fall of Rabaul Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date January 23, 1942 – February 1942 Place Rabaul East New Britain New Guinea Result Japanese victory The Battle of Rabaul, around the main town of Rabaul on the island of New Britain, in early February 1942, represented a strategically-significant defeat... Battle of Ambon Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date January 30- February 3, 1942 Place Ambon, Moluccas, Netherlands East Indies Result Japanese victory The Battle of Ambon occurred on the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies, on January 30- February 3, 1942 during the Pacific campaign of... Battle of Makassar Strait Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date 4 February 1942 Place Makassar Strait Result Japanese victory The Battle of Makassar Strait was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. A fleet of the American_British_Dutch_Australian Command, under the command of Admiral Karel Doorman... Air raids on Darwin, February 1942 Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date February 19, 1942 Place Darwin, Australia Result Japanese victory The two Japanese air raids on Darwin, Australia on February 19, 1942 were by far the biggest ever attack by a foreign power against the Australian mainland. ... Battle of Badung Strait Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date 18 February 1942 – 19 February 1942 Place Badung Strait off Bali in the Dutch East Indies Result Japanese victory The Battle of Badung Strait was a naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the... Battle of Timor Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date February 19, 1942-February 10, 1943 Place Timor island, Dutch Timor and Portuguese Timor Result Japanese victory The Battle of Timor (1942-43) occurred on the island of Timor, in the Pacific theatre of World War II. It involved forces... Battle of the Java Sea Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date February 27, 1942 - March 1, 1942 Place Java Sea Result Decisive Japanese victory The Battle of the Java Sea was a major naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II. Allied ships suffered a disastrous defeat... 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Battle of Midway Conflict World War II, Pacific War Date June 4–June 6, 1942 Place Vicinity of Midway Island Result US Strategic and Tactical Victory The Battle of Midway, fought in World War II, took place on June 5, 1942 (June 4-June 7 in US time zones). ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The defences

From mid-1941, following increasing tension between Japan and several other powers, including the United States, Britain and the Netherlands, many countries in South East Asia and the Pacific began to prepare for the possibility of war. Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...

By December 1941, the combined defence forces in the Philippines included the 10 divisions of the Philippine Army (PA), under General Douglas MacArthur, who had retired as US Chief of Staff in 1937, and had accepted control of the PA. MacArthur had been tasked by the Government of the Philippines with reforming an army made up mostly of reservists, and poor in equipment, training and organisation. (See: Military history of the Philippines, for more details.) A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around 10,000 soldiers. ... Military branches  Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps and Coast Guard), Air Force Military manpower - military age  18 years of age (2001) Military manpower - availability  males age 15-49: 22,435,982 (2004 est. ... MacArthur landing at Leyte Beach in 1944. ... Military history of the Philippines See also: History of the Philippines Military of the Philippines The Battle of Mactan The Battle of Mactan on April 21, 1521 was the first reported resistance of the aborigines in the Philippines against foreign invaders. ...

The US Army's 22,532 strong garrison, known as the Philippine Department, was under Maj. Gen. George Grunert. The main part of Grunert's force was the US Army's Philippine Division, which included a substantial number of Filipinos, in Philippine Scouts (PS) units. The garrison had been augmented by 8,500 personnel from National Guard units on the US mainland, including the only armoured forces present, two tank battalions. The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation). ... The Philippine Department (Philippine Garrison -- The Battling Bastards of Bataan) was a regular US Army unit, defeated in the Philippines, during World War II. The mission of the Philippine Department was to defend the Philippine Islands and train the Philippine Army. ... George Grunert (1881 - 1971) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Army. ... The Philippine Division was the core of the US Armys Philippine Department. ... Philippine Scouts were native Pilipinos attached to the US Armys Philippine Department prior to, and during, World War II. These troops were generally enlisted and under the command of American officers, however, a handful of Pilipinos did receive commissions from the United States Military Academy. ... The United States National Guard is a significant component of the United States armed forces military reserve. ... In military terminology, a battalion consists of two to six companies typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. ...

The US Army Air Corps Far East Air Force (FEAF), under Maj. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton, was the largest US air formation outside the United States, and included 107 P-40 fighters and 35 B-17 bombers. 1. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Lewis Hyde Brereton was an military aviation pioneer and US Army Air Force general in the Second World War. ... The Curtiss P-40 was an American fighter aircraft which first flew in 1938 and played a vital role in the crucial middle stages of World War II. Developed from the pre-war radial-engined P-36 Hawk, the P-40 became known as the Tomahawk, the Kittyhawk, and finally... A B_17 nicknamed Sally B in England in 2001 The B_17 Flying Fortress was the first mass_produced, four_engine heavy bomber. ...

MacArthur organized the defenders into four separate commands. The North Luzon Force, under Maj. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright, defended the most likely sites for amphibious attacks and the central plains area. This included Bataan Peninsula, the designated fallback position, which adjoined Manila Bay. Wainwright's forces included the PA 11th, 21st, and 31st Infantry Divisions, the US 26th Cavalry Regiment (a PS unit), a battalion of the 45th Infantry (PS), two batteries of 144mm guns and one of 2.95 inch mountain guns. The Philippine 71st Infantry Division served as a reserve and could be committed only on the authority of MacArthur. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (August 23, 1883 – September 2, 1953), as a Lieutenant General, was the commanding officer of the Philippine Department at the time of its surrender to the Japanese, during World War II. Wainwright was married to Adele Holley Wainwright (1887–1979). ... Bataan is a province of the Philippines occupying the whole of Bataan Peninsula on Luzon. ... Manila Bay is the harbor which serves the port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. ...

The South Luzon Force, under Brig. Gen. George M. Parker Jr., controlled a zone east and south of Manila. Parker had the PA 41st and 51st Infantry Divisions and two batteries from the US 86th Field Artillery (PS). Manila (Maynila in Filipino) is the capital city of the Philippines. ...

The Visayan-Mindanao Force under Brig. Gen. William F. Sharp comprised the PA 61st, 81st, and 101st Infantry Divisions. Map of the Philippines showing Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ...

A reserve force, under MacArthur's direct command, was composed of the Philippine Division, the Far East Air Force, and headquarters units from the PA and Philippine Department, stationed just north of Manila. Four US artillery regiments guarded the entrance to Manila Bay, including Corregidor Island. Corregidor is an island in the entrance of the Philippines Manila Bay. ...

The Far East Air Force controversy

After the outbreak of war on December 7, Brereton urged his superiors to launch bombing missions against Formosa, which was then a Japanese territory, and from which an attack was likely to come, but the request was denied. This proved to be a fatal error, as there were few anti-aircraft guns in the Philippines, and FEAF was all but destroyed on the ground, in air raids over the next few days. December 7 is the 341st day (342nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Formosa is a placename which comes from the Portuguese word meaning beautiful. ...

The invasion

The Japanese 14th Army, under General Masaharu Homma, began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan), off the north coast of Luzon, on 8 December 1941. Landings on the mainland followed two days later. Masaharu Homma, also known as the Poet General, was the Japanese General in charge of the Bataan death march in the Philippines during 1942. ... Batan island is the main island of the Batanes province, in the Philippines. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

From 11 to 23 December, most of Luzon gradually fell to the Japanese, following landings on the southern tip of Luzon at Legazpi, as well as in Lingayen Gulf and on on Mindanao. Most of the Allied forces gradually surrendered, or were overrun. The US Philippine Division moved into the field to cover the withdrawal of troops to Bataan and to resist Japanese advances in the Subic Bay area. On 23 December, MacArthur notified his field commanders that he was reactivating an old prewar plan to defend only Bataan and Corregidor; both the military headquarters and the Philippines government were moved to Corregidor. Nevertheless substantial forces remained in other areas for several months. See: Legazpi, Spain Legazpi City, Albay, Philippines This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Lingayen Gulf is an extension of the South China Sea on Luzon in the Philippines. ... Subic Bay is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines, about 100km northwest of Manila Bay. ...

On 30 December, the Philippine 31st Infantry Division moved to the vicinity of Zigzag Pass to cover the flanks of troops withdrawing from central and southern Luzon, while the US Philippine Division organized positions at Bataan. The 31st Division then moved to a defensive position on the west side of the Olongapo-Manila road, near Layac Junction — at the neck of Bataan Peninsula — on 5 January 1942. The junction was lost on the 6th, but the withdrawal to Bataan was a relative success. The 31st Division assumed a reserve position on the peninsula to recover from its losses in the rearguard action. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... Olongapo City is a highly urbanized city in the province of Zambales in the Philippines. ...

The Battle of Bataan

Main article: Battle of Bataan Battle of Bataan Conflict World War II, Pacific Front Date January 1, - April 9, 1942 Place Bataan peninsula near Manila Bay in Luzon Island, Philippines Result Decisive Japanese victory Template:Campaignbox Invasion of the Philippines The Battle of Bataan was the high point of Imperial Japans invasion of the...

From 7 to 14 January 1942, the Japanese concentrated on reconnaissance and preparations for an attack on the main battle position on the Abucay line. US and Filipino forces repelled night attacks near Abucay, 10-12 January, and elements of the US Philippine Division counterattacked on 16 January. However this failed and the division withdrew to a reserve position in the Casa Pilar-Bagac area, on 26 January.

For several weeks the Japanese, made cautious by heavy losses, engaged in patrols and limited local attacks. Because of the worsening Allied position in the Asia-Pacific region as a whole, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to re-locate from Corregidor to Australia, as Supreme Allied Commander South West Pacific Area. (MacArthur's famous speech regarding the Philippines, in which he said "I came out of Bataan and I shall return", was made at Terowie, South Australia on March 20.) Wainwright assumed control of Allied forces in the Philippines on 12 March. During this period elements of the US Philippine Division were shifted to assist in the defense of other sectors. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... This article deals with the military command/theatre known as the South West Pacific Area. ... Terowie is small town in the north of South Australia ( 33°09′ S 138°55′ E, 220 km north of Adelaide) whose main raison detre was to serve as a transshipment point at the railway break-of-gauge. ... Motto: United for the Common Wealth Other Australian states and territories Capital Adelaide Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Area 1,043,514 km² (4th)  - Land 983,482 km²  - Water 60,032 km² (5. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ...

A new wave of Japanese attacks, from 28 March, hit Allied forces now severely weakened by malnutrition, sickness, and prolonged exposure to combat. On 3 April, the Japanese began to break through gaps in the Allied lines alongside Mount Samat. The US Philippine Division, no longer operating as a coordinated unit, was unable to counterattack against heavy enemy assaults. On 8 April, the US 57th Infantry Regiment (PS) and the Philippine 31st Division were overrun near the Alangan River. The US 45th Infantry Regiment (PS) finally surrendered on 10 April 1942. April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Battle of Corregidor

Main article: Battle of Corregidor Battle of Corregidor Conflict World War II, Pacific Front Date May 5, - May 6, 1942 Place Corregidor island in Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines Result Japanese victory Template:Campaignbox Invasion of the Philippines The Battle for Corregidor was the culmination of the Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Philippines. ...

Corregidor was now defended by 11,000 personnel, comprising the US 4th Marine Regiment, other miscellaneous infantry, US Army artillery units and US Navy personnel, deployed as infantry. The Japanese began their assault on Corregidor with an artillery barrage on 1 May. On the night of 5-6 May, two battalions of the Japanese 61st Infantry Regiment landed at the northeast end of the island. Despite strong resistance, the Japanese established a beachhead that was soon reinforced by tanks and artillery. The defenders were quickly pushed back toward the stronghold of Malinta Hill. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ...

Late on 6 May, Wainwright asked Homma for terms of surrender. Homma insisted that surrender include all Allied forces in the Philippines. Believing that the lives of all those on Corregidor would be endangered, Wainwright accepted. On 8 May he sent a message to Sharp, ordering him to surrender the Visayan-Mindanao Force. Sharp complied but many individuals carried on the fight as guerrillas.

The defeat was the beginning of three and a half years of harsh treatment for the Allied survivors, including atrocities like the Bataan Death March and the misery of Japanese prison camps. The Bataan Death March was a war crime involving the forcible transfer of prisoners of war, with wide-ranging abuse and high fatalities, by Japanese forces in the Philippines, in 1942, during World War II. History In late 1941, Japan simultaneously invaded several southeast Asian countries, including the Philippines. ...

External link

US Army, 2003, "Philippine Islands: The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II" (http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/brochures/pi/PI.htm)