Battle of the Pyramids
Part of the French Revolutionary Wars
Battle of the Pyramids by Wojciech Kossak
Date July 21, 1798 Location Embabeh, near Cairo, Egypt Result Decisive French victory
Combatants
French Republic	Mamluks
Commanders
Napoleon Bonaparte	Murad Bey
Strength
20,000[1]	60,000[1]
Casualties
300	5,000-6,000

Battle of the Pyramids, Francois-Louis-Joseph Watteau, 1798-1799.

The Battle of the Pyramids was a battle fought on July 21, 1798 between the French army in Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte and local Mamluk forces. It was the battle where Bonaparte put into use one of his significant contributions to tactics, the massive divisional square. Combatants Great Britain Austria Prussia Spain Russian Empire Sardinia France The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, beginning in 1792 and lasting until the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states. ... Battle of the Pyramids: A painting by Wojcech Kossak File links The following pages link to this file: Battle of the Pyramids Categories: Public domain images ... Wojciech Kossak, self-portrait. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: Al Qahirah (The Triumphant City) Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 210 km²  (81. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... A brand of cigars named for Murad Bey Murad Bey (1750 - 1801) was an Egyptian Mameluke chieftain, cavalry commander and joint ruler of Egypt with Ibrahim Bey. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... The Siege of El Arish was fought during February 1799 between French and Ottoman forces. ... The Siege of Jaffa was fought on March 7, 1799 between France and the Ottoman Empire. ... Combatants England Ottoman Empire France Commanders W. Sidney Smith Napoleon Bonaparte Strength Unknown 8000 Casualties Unknown ~ 2,000 The Siege of Acre of 1799 was a siege of the Turkish-defended, walled city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) by Napoleon Bonaparte, future Emperor of France. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire The Directoire Commanders Ahmad Basha al-Jazzar. ... Combatants France Ottoman Turks Commanders Napoleon Bonaparte Mustafa IV Strength 10,000 8,000 Casualties 1,000 killed and wounded 6,000 killed, wounded, or drowned. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Ralph Abercromby Louis Friant Strength 5,000 2,000 Casualties 1,100 killed Uknown, but heavy The Battle of Abukir (1801) was the second battle of the Egyptian campaign, fought on March 8, 1801 at Abu Qir on the Mediterranean coast, near the Nile delta. ... Combatants First French Republic Great Britain Commanders General Menou # General Hutchinson Casualties 8,000 troops and civilians surrendered (later repatriated)  ? The Siege of Alexandria was fought between 17 August and 2 September 1801, during the French Revolutionary Wars, between French and British forces and was the last action of the... Download high resolution version (1256x982, 81 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1256x982, 81 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Military tactics is the collective name for methods of engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ...

In July of 1798, Napoleon was marching from Alexandria toward Cairo after invading and capturing the former. He met two forces of the ruling Mamluks 15 kilometers from the Pyramids, and only 4 miles from Cairo. The Mamluke forces were commanded by Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey and had a powerful and highly developed cavalry. 1798 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... The pyramids of Egypt, some of which are amongst the largest man-made constructions ever conceived, constitute one of the most potent and enduring symbols of Ancient Egyptian civilization. ... A brand of cigars named for Murad Bey Murad Bey (1750 - 1801) was an Egyptian Mameluke chieftain, cavalry commander and joint ruler of Egypt with Ibrahim Bey. ... Ibrahim Beys mansion on Al-Rudah Island, near Cairo Ibrahim Bey (1735 - 1817) was an Mameluke chieftain, military commander and joint ruler of Egypt. ... Soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat are commonly known as cavalry (from French cavalerie). ...

The Battle of the Pyramids, Louis-François, Baron Lejeune, 1808.

Napoleon realized that the only Egyptian troops of any worth on the battlefield were the cavalry. Napoleon ordered an advance on Murad's army with his army organized into hollow squares with artillery, cavalry and baggage at the center of each square. The Mamluks charged the sides of squares but were dispersed by point-blank musket and artillery fire. The supporting Turkish regulars were then cut down. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x879, 117 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Schlacht bei den Pyramiden Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Versailles Current location (gallery): de: Musée National des Châteaux de Versailles Other notes... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x879, 117 KB) Description: Title: de: Die Schlacht bei den Pyramiden Technique: de: Öl auf Leinwand Dimensions: Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Versailles Current location (gallery): de: Musée National des Châteaux de Versailles Other notes... The Battle of the Pyramids, 1808. ...

Upon hearing news of the defeat of their legendary cavalry, the waiting Mamluk armies in Cairo dispersed to Syria to reorganize. The Battle also signalled the final chapter of 700 years of Mamluk rule in Egypt. Despite this auspicious beginning, Admiral Horatio Nelson's victory in the Battle of the Nile ten days later ended Bonaparte's hopes for a glorious conquest of the Middle East. Lord Nelson Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (September 29, 1758 – October 21, 1805) was a British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. ... Combatants Britain France Commanders Horatio Nelson François-Paul Brueys DAigalliers† Strength 14 ships of the line: * 13 x 74-gun, * 1 x 50-gun, 1 sloop 13 ships of the line: * 1 x 120-gun, * 3 x 80-gun, * 9 x 74gun, 4 frigates, some smaller Casualties 218... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Notes

See also

• The Egyptian expedition of 1798–1799
• History of Ottoman Egypt

Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. ...

References

• Herold, J. Christopher. The Age of Napoleon. New York: American Heritage Inc., 1963.