A hydrometer scale developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé to measure density of various liquids. Notated variously as: degrees Baume, degrees Baumé; B°, Be°, Bé°, Baume. A hydrometer is an instrument used for determining the specific gravity of liquids. ... Antoine Baum (February 26, 1728 - October 15, 1804), French chemist, was born at Senlis. ... Density (symbol: Ï - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ...
The formula for deriving degrees Baumé is:
liquids less dense than water: sp. gr. = 140/(°Bé + 130)
liquids more dense than water: sp. gr. = 145/(145 - °Bé)
Originally the scale was based on salinity of water and brine. Because of vague instructions or errors in translation a large margin of error was introduced when the scale was adopted. The API gravity scale is a result of adapting to the subsequent errors from the Baumé scale. The Baumé scale is related to the Balling, Brix, Plato and 'specific gravity times 1000' scales. The Baumé scale is sometimes used by US brewers. Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water. ... API Gravity is a specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids. ... Degrees Brix (symbol °Bx) is a measurement of the ratio of dissolved solids to water in a liquid. ... An empirically derived hydrometer scale developed in 1843 by German scientist Karl Balling, and improved by Fritz Plato to measure density of beer wort in terms of percentage of extract by weight. ... Original gravity (OG) usually refers to the density of wort, unfermented beer, usually expressed as a ratio to the density of water (thus for instance 1. ...
It is far easier to measure Baume using a temperature compensated refractometer than with the specific gravity method since the refractometer requires only a couple of drops of fluid and automaticaly compensates for temperature. A refractometer is an optical instrument that is used to determine the refractive index of a substance or some physical property of a substance that is directly related to its refractive index. ... A refractometer is an optical instrument that is used to determine the refractive index of a substance or some physical property of a substance that is directly related to its refractive index. ...
Degrees Brix (symbol °Bx) is a measurement of the ratio of dissolved solids to water in a liquid. ... An empirically derived hydrometer scale developed in 1843 by German scientist Karl Balling, and improved by Fritz Plato to measure density of beer wort in terms of percentage of extract by weight. ... Original gravity (OG) usually refers to the density of wort, unfermented beer, usually expressed as a ratio to the density of water (thus for instance 1. ...
Baum had shrewdly transferred most of his property, except for his clothing, his library (mostly of children's books, such as the fairy tales of Andrew Lang, whose portrait he kept in his study), and his typewriter, into Maud's name, as she handled the finances, anyway, and thus lost much less than he could have.
Baum died on May 6, 1919, aged 62, and was buried in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, in Glendale, California.
When Baum was writing The Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, he once wrote of a woman's "roughish smile" instead of a "roguish smile." Legend has it, he was describing a bride at her wedding, and her husband was so irate that he challenged Baum to a gun duel.
For Baum, "Years of living in the shadow of a heart ailment had taught him to avoid upsets that might bring on an attack."6 Maud was raised in a much stricter environment and appeared to have had her way with her parents, and was spoiled in a certain respect.
Baum stated, "My books are intended for all those whose hearts are young, no matter what their ages may be." 21 It seems that Baum did not want to write as many sequels as he did, for he wanted to write other kinds of children's books but the children's requests were incessant.
Baum had to stop his beloved gardening, answering letters from devoted fans and basking in the California sunshine that proved it was not the magical elixir it was thought to be, like it might have been in a fairy tale he told; nothing could extend Baum's fragile years.
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