The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayrische Räterepublik) — also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik) — was a short-lived revolutionary government in the German state of Bavaria in 1919 that sought to replace the fledgling Weimar Republic in its early days. It has been suggested that Revolutionary be merged into this article or section. ... Motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (German: Unity and Justice and Freedom”) Anthem: Das Lied der Deutschen (3rd stanza) also called Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Capital Berlin Largest city Berlin Official language(s) German 1 Government Federal Republic  - President Horst Köhler (CDU)  - Chancellor Angela Merkel (CDU)  - Vice Chancellor... The Free State of Bavaria  (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Weimar Republic (German Weimarer Republik, IPA: []) is the common name for the republic that governed Germany from 1919 to 1933. ...

History

On 7 November 1918, the anniversary of the Russian October Revolution, Kurt Eisner of the USPD declared Bavaria a "free state" – a declaration which overthrew the monarchy of the Wittelsbach dynasty which had ruled for over 700 years. Eisner became Minister-President of Bavaria. Though he advocated a "socialist republic", he distanced himself from the Russian Bolsheviks, declaring that his government would protect property rights. For a few days, Munich economist Lujo Brentano served as Minister of Trade (Volkskommissar für Handel). November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution or November Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ... Kurt Eisner (14 May 1867–21 February 1919) was a Bavarian politician. ... USPD election poster, 1919 The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic. ... Flag of the now defunct Orange Free State Flag of the modern Free State of Bavaria The modern Republic of Ireland was known from 1922-1937 as the Irish Free State. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ... The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... A minister-president (Ministerpräsident) is the head of government of a German federal state; the office corresponds to the governorship of a state in the United States. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist state. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... Lujo Brentano (18 December 1844–9 September 1931) was an eminent German economist and social reformer. ...

After Eisner's USPD had lost the elections, he decided to resign from his office. On 21 February 1919, as he was on his way to parliament to announce his resignation, he was shot by Anton Graf Arco-Valley, who was rejected from membership in the Thule Society because of Jewish ancestry on his mother's side. This assassination caused unrest and lawlessness in Bavaria, and the news of a Soviet revolution in Hungary encouraged Communists and anarchists to seize power. USPD election poster, 1919 The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... This article or section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations. ...

On 6 April, the "Bavarian Soviet Republic" was proclaimed. Initially, it was ruled by USPD members such as Ernst Toller and Gustav Landauer, and anarchists like Erich Mühsam. However, Ernst Toller, a playwright, was not very good at dealing with politics, and his government did little to restore order in the city. April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... Ernst Toller (December 1, 1893 - May 22, 1939) was a German Communist playwright. ... Gustav Landauer (7 April 1870 in Karlsruhe, Germany — 2 May 1919 in Munich, Germany) was a German anarchist and revolutionary who was involved in establishing the short-lived Bayerische Räterepublik (Bavarian Soviet Republic) and serving as its Commissioner of Enlightenment and Public Instruction in April of 1919. ... Erich Mühsam (1878-1934) Erich Mühsam (6 April 1878 in Berlin, Germany – 10 July 1934 Oranienburg Concentration Camp) (also spelled Muehsam or Muhsam) was an German-Jewish anarchist, writer, poet, dramatist and cabaret performer. ...

His government members were also not always well-chosen. For instance, the Foreign Affairs Deputy (who had been admitted several times to psychiatric hospitals), declared war on Switzerland, over Switzerland's refusal to lend 60 locomotives to the Bavarian Soviet Republic. Another incident saw him send cables to both the Pope and Lenin, asking as to the whereabouts of the key to the lavatory.^[1] As such, the regime collapsed within six days, being replaced by the communists, with Eugen Levine, sometimes characterized as a "potential German Lenin" as their leader. A psychiatric hospital (also called at various places and times, mental hospital, mental ward, asylum or sanitarium) is a hospital specializing in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Eugen Levine (born 1883, St Petersberg, Russia – May 3, 1919, Bavaria) was a Communist, revolutionary and leader of the short lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. ...

Levine began to enact communist reforms, that included expropriating luxurious apartments and giving them to the homeless and placing factories under the ownership and control of their workers. Levine also had plans to abolish paper money and reform the education system. However, he never had time to implement them. A homeless man pushes a cart down the street. ...

Levine refused to collaborate with the regular army of the city, and also organized his own army, the Red Army (Rote Armee) under Rudolf Egelhofer, similar to the Red Army of Soviet Russia. In order to support the revolutionary government, thousands of unemployed workers volunteered; soon the ranks of the Rote Armee reached 20,000. The Red Guards began arresting suspected counterrevolutionaries and on 29 April 1919, eight men, including the well-connected Prince von Thurn und Taxis, were accused as right-wing spies and executed. The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Last Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Area  - Total  - % water 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200 km² 0. ... Red Guards refer to socialist or communist militia formed to instigate, support, or defend communist revolutions. ... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Princely House of Thurn und Taxis is a German family that was a key player in the postal (mail) services in Europe in the 16th century and is well known as owners of breweries and builders of countless castles. ...

Soon after, on 3 May 1919, the Freikorps (having a force of 30,000 men) together with the "White Guards of Capitalism" (as the communist called them, having a force of 9,000) entered the Bavarian Soviet Republic and defeated the Communists, after bitter street fights in which over 1,000 volunteer supporters of the government were killed. About 800 men and women were arrested and executed by the victorious Freikorps. Eugen Levine was among those executed. Levine was condemned to death for the execution of Prince von Thurn und Taxis and seven others. May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The designation of Freikorps (German for Free Corps, i. ...

See also

• Aftermath of World War I
• History of Bavaria
• History of Germany
• Weimar Republic

Woodrow Wilson and the American peace commissioners during the negotiations on the Treaty of Versailles. ... // Early settlements and Roman Raetia There are numerous palaeolithic finds in Bavaria. ... This article gives an overview of the History of Germany. ... The Weimar Republic (German Weimarer Republik, IPA: []) is the common name for the republic that governed Germany from 1919 to 1933. ...

External links

• Lenin: Message of Greetings to the Bavarian Soviet Republic

Notes

1. ^ Burleigh, Michael (2000). The Third Reich: A New History. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-48757-4. pp40.