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Encyclopedia > Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean
A map showing the location of the Bay of Bengal.
A map showing the location of the Bay of Bengal.
Profile: Facts and Figures at a Glance
Area 2,172,000 km²
Average depth: 2,600 mm ; 8,500 feet
Maximum depth: 4,694 m ; 15,400 feet
Maximum Length: 2,090 km; c.1,300 mi
Maximum Width: 1,610 km; 1,000 mi
Waters Connected to the Bay of Bengal:
Rivers which drain into Bay of Bengal:
Important Ports:
Historic Ports:
Islands:
Coasts:
Battles:
Look up Bay of Bengal in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape, and is bordered on the east by Malay Peninsula, and on the west by India. On the northern tip of the "bay" lies the Bengal region, comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh, thus the name. The southern extremes reach the island country of Sri Lanka, and the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x814, 261 KB) A map showing the location of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea in southeast Asia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x814, 261 KB) A map showing the location of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea in southeast Asia. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Look up depth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In classical physics, depth is a distance measured vertically from top to bottom (height) or horizontally from outside to inside (thickness). ... Look up depth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In classical physics, depth is a distance measured vertically from top to bottom (height) or horizontally from outside to inside (thickness). ... The Andaman Sea (Burmese: ; IPA: ) is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands; it is part of the Indian Ocean. ... Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India The Ganges Delta (or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the South Asia region of Bengal, consisting of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. ... The Gulf of Mannar is an arm of the Indian Ocean, lying between the southern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka at a width of between 160 and 200 km (100 to 125 mi). ... The Palk Strait is a 40-85 mi (64-137 km) wide strait that lies between Indias Tamil Nadu state and the island nation of Sri Lanka. ... The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ) is a river that flows through Burma (Myanmar). ... Brahmaputra A dugout with pilot in Chitwan. ... Cooum River is the famous river which ends in Chennai; ... This article is about the river. ... The Godavari River, adjacent to the town of Kovvur This article is about Godavari River in India. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). ... Krishnaveni may mean: Krishna river, third biggest river in India. ... The Mahanadi River is a river of eastern India. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Palar is a river of southern India. ... The Penner (also Pennar or Penneru) is a river of southern India. ... Vasishta Nadi originates from Salem district, flows through Attur, Thalaivasal, Aragalur and Cuddalore district. ... “Madras” redirects here. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Cuddalore is a large industrial city in the Tamil Nadu state of southern India. ... Port of Chittagong is the main sea port of Bangladesh. ... Ennore Port, located about 24 Km north of Chennai Port, Chennai, South India is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public company. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Andhra Pradesh  : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, IPA: ), is a state in South India. ...   (IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly  ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... Kyaukpyu is a town of western Myanmar on the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal. ... Machilipatnam (Telugu:మచిలిపట్నం)  , also known as Masulipatnam or Bandar or Masula (for short among Finnish mission workers[2]), is a city and a special grade municipality in Krishna district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Andhra Pradesh  : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, IPA: ), is a state in South India. ... Mongla is a sea port in the Bagerhat District of south-western Bangladesh. ... Nagapattinam (formerly known as Negapatam and also as Shiva Rajadhani) is a small city with a population of about 100,000, located in coastal Tamil Nadu, India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Port of Paradip is the primary seaport in the Indian state of Orissa. ... Orissa   (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା), is a state situated on the east coast of India. ... Thoothukudi (தூத்துக்குடி in Tamil), also known as Tuticorin is a city and district in Tamil Nadu, India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Visakhapatnam   (also Viśākhapaá¹­á¹­anamu, shortened and anglicized: Vizag or Vizagapatnam) is a port city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Andhra Pradesh  : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, IPA: ), is a state in South India. ... Tamralipta is the name of an ancient city on the Bay of Bengal corresponding with Tamluk in modern-day India. ... The Hijli Kingdom was historically existing between 1687 - 1886 in the eastern part of India. ... Fort St George is the name of the first British fortress in India, built in 1644 at the coastal city of Madras (modern city of Chennai. ... Gopalpur is a census town in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman & Nicobar Islands   (Tamil: அந்தமான் நிகோபார் தீவுகள், Hindi: अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप) is a union territory of India. ... Sagar Island (also known as Gangasagar) lies on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal about 150 km (80 nautical miles) south of Kolkata. ... The Coromandel Coast is the name given to the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula. ... Gahirmatha Beach is a beach in the Indian state of Orissa. ... The Battle of Cuddalore was an indecisive battle between a British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes and a slightly smaller French fleet under the Bailli de Suffren off the coast of India near Cuddalore during the American War of Independence. ... The naval Battle of Cuddalore took place on 29 April 1758 during the Seven Years War near Cuddalore off the Carnatic coast of India and was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte dAché. British casualties were 29 killed... The Battle of Negapatam was the third in the series of battles fought between a British fleet under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes and a French fleet under the Bailli de Suffren off the coast of India during the American War of Independence. ... The Battle of Sadras was the first of five indecisive naval battles fought between a British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes and French fleet under the Bailli de Suffren off the coast of India during the American War of Independence. ... The Battle of Trincomalee was the fourth in the series of battles fought between a British fleet under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes and a French fleet under the Bailli de Suffren off the coast of India during the American War of Independence. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (from wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ... The bay at San Sebastián, Spain A headland is an area of land adjacent to water on three sides. ... A triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry: a polygon with three vertices and three sides which are straight line segments. ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast of South Asia. ... West Bengal   (Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ, Poshchimbôŋgo) is a state in eastern India. ... Map of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with an extra detailed area around Port Blair The Andaman & Nicobar Islands   (Tamil: அந்தமான் நிகோபார் தீவுகள், Hindi: अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप) is a union territory of India. ...


The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of 2,172,000 sq kms. It is bordered by India and Sri Lanka to the West, Bangladesh to the North, and Myanmar and the southern part of Thailand to the East. Its southern boundary extends as an imaginary line from Dondra Head at the southern end of Sri Lanka to the northern tip of Sumatra. A number of large rivers – Ganges, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Cauvery – flow into the Bay of Bengal. Among the important ports are Yangon, Kolkata/Calcutta, Cuddalore, Kakinada, Machlipatnam, Madras, Paradip and Vishakapatnam. Dondra Head is a cape on the extreme southern tip of Sri Lanka, in the Indian Ocean, near the small town of Dondra. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 5,000,000(nearly) (2007 census), formerly Rangoon, is the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (previously known as Burma). ...

For more on countries surrounding the Bay of Bengal see Bangladesh | Bhutan | India | Myanmar | Nepal | Sri Lanka | Thailand

Contents

Etymlogy

In the 10th century conflicts caused the Bay of Bengal to be called "The Chola Lake". Bangal ki Khadi is the name in Hindi. [1] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...


Bengal comes from the Sanskrit Banga or Vanga and refers to the Gangetic delta waters. There is mythology which relates the area given to the Lunar race of Delhi.[2][3] Bengal, known as Bango ( Bengali:বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bangodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in Bengali, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...


Rivers

Many major rivers of India flow west to east into the Bay of Bengal: in the north, the Ganges River (or Ganga), Meghna River and Brahmaputra River rivers, and in the south Mahanadi River through the Mahanadi River Delta, Godavari River, Krishna River, Irrawaddy and Kaveri River (sometimes written as Cauvery) rivers. The Sundarbans mangrove forest is formed at the delta of the Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. The Ayeyarwady River of Myanmar also flows into the bay. This article is about the river. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Brahmaputra A dugout with pilot in Chitwan. ... The Mahanadi River is a river of eastern India. ... Mahanadi River Delta in India is a basin of deposit that drains a large land mass of the Indian subcontinent into the South China Sea. ... The Godavari River, adjacent to the town of Kovvur This article is about Godavari River in India. ... The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India (about 1300 km in length). ... The Irrawaddy (newer spelling Ayeyarwaddy) is a river that flows through the centre of Myanmar (formerly Burma). It is Myanmars most important commercial waterway. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India The Sundarbans delta is the largest mangrove forest in the world. ... The Ayeyarwady River or Irrawaddy River (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ) is a river that flows through Burma (Myanmar). ...

Fishing boats on the Bay of Bengal
Fishing boats on the Bay of Bengal
For more information on Rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal see also | Rivers of Asia | Rivers of Bangladesh | Rivers of Bhutan | Rivers in India | Rivers of Myanmar | Rivers of Nepal | Rivers of Sri Lanka | Rivers of Thailand

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 178 KB) A fishing boat a little distance away from St. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 178 KB) A fishing boat a little distance away from St. ... These are the major Rivers of Asia. ... Map of the major rivers, lakes and reervoirs in India This is a list of rivers in India. ...

Seaports

Major Bangladeshi ports on the bay include Chittagong and Mongla. Major Indian ports on the bay include Chennai (formerly Madras), Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), and Pondicherry. Yangon, the largest city and former capital of Myanmar is also an important port in the bay. Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম, Chôţţogram) is the major seaport and second largest city of Bangladesh. ... Mongla is a sea port in the Bagerhat District of south-western Bangladesh. ... “Madras” redirects here. ... Visakhapatnam (Also Vishākhapatnam, shortened and Anglicized: Vizag) is a large city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ...   (IPA: [] Bengali: কলকাতা) (formerly  ) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Map of Pondicherry Region, Union Territory of Pondicherry, India Pondicherry (Tamil:புதுவை,Hindi: पॉण्डिचेरी) is a Union Territory of India. ...

For more information on Seaports see Bay of Bengal seaports | Ports and harbours of Bangladesh|

This is a list of the worlds seaports: // Accra, Ghana A Coruña, Spain Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo Barranquilla, Colombia Belém, Brazil Bergen, Norway Bilbao, Spain Bodø, Norway Boston, Massachusetts, United States Botwood, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Bridgetown, Barbados Buenos Aires, Argentina Calabar, Nigeria Cabinda, Angola...

Islands

St.Martin Island, Bay of Bengal
St.Martin Island, Bay of Bengal

The islands in the bay are very numerous, including the Andaman, Nicobar and Mergui groups. The group of islands, Cheduba and others, in the north-east, off the Burmese coast, are remarkable for a chain of mud volcanoes, which are occasionally active. Great Andaman is the main archipelago or island group of the Andaman Islands, whereas Ritchie's Archipelago consists of smaller islands. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 190 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A view of St Martin island as taken from a ship. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 190 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A view of St Martin island as taken from a ship. ... Nicobar could refer to: Nicobar Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Nicobar Pigeon This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Mergui or Myeik is a city in Taninthayi Division in Myanmar (Burma), located in the extreme south of the country on a peninsula in the Andaman Sea. ... Great Andaman is the main archipelago of the Andaman Islands of India. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... Ritchie’s Archipelago is an undisputed eco-tourism hub in Andaman District. ...

For more information on Islands see Islands of Bangladesh | Islands of India | Islands of Myanmar | Islands of Thailand

Beaches

Seaside Resort of Bakhkhali Beach
Seaside Resort of Bakhkhali Beach

Cox's Bazar, on the northeastern coast of the bay, is one of the longest unbroken natural beaches of the world. Other beaches along the bay are Bakkhali, Digha, Chandipur, Puri, Waltair, Marina Beach at Chennai and Ngapali beach in Myanmar. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 511 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 654 pixel, file size: 178 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bakkhali Beach Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 511 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 654 pixel, file size: 178 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Bakkhali Beach Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Coxs Bazar in Bangladesh is the worlds longest natural beach (120 km). ... Bakkhali is seaside resort in South Twenty-four Parganas district of West Bengal, India. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A view of the Chandipur beach during high-tide Chandipur also known as Chandipur-on-sea is a small sea resort in Balasore District, Orissa, India. ... Puri can mean: Puri, a city in the Indian state of Orissa, which is famous for the Jagannath temple and the serene beaches located there . ... Visakhapatnam   (also Viśākhapaá¹­á¹­anamu, shortened and anglicized: Vizag or Vizagapatnam) is a port city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... “Madras” redirects here. ... ...

For more information on Beaches of the Bay of Bengal see Beaches of Bangladesh | Tourism in Sri Lanka | Beaches of Thailand | Tourism in Thailand

Oceanography

Oceanography is the study of oceans and the ocean floor by scientific exploration and scientific methods. The Bay of Bengal is a salt water sea and is a part of the Indian Ocean. The National Institute of Oceanography is a constituent laboratory of CSIR - the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, a research body of the Indian government. ... Sea as seen from jetty in Frankston, Australia Look up maritime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Plate tectonics

Western Sunda Arc and Trench showing tectonic and seismic activity.
Western Sunda Arc and Trench showing tectonic and seismic activity.
Floor of Bay of Bengal      The Indian plate, shown in red      The Indo-Australian plate, shown in dull orange
Floor of Bay of Bengal      The Indian plate, shown in red      The Indo-Australian plate, shown in dull orange
Tectonic plates under the Bay of Bengal close up (fr)
Tectonic plates under the Bay of Bengal close up (fr)
Volcanic Arc System: Nicobar Islands & Andaman Islands
Volcanic Arc System: Nicobar Islands & Andaman Islands

The lithosphere of the earth is broken up into what are called tectonic plates. Underneath the Bay of Bengal is the The India Plate which is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate and is slowly moving north east. This plate meets the Burma Microplate at the Sunda Trench. The Nicobar Islands, and the Andaman Islands are part of the Burma Microplate. The India Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate at the Sunda Trench or Java Trench. Here, the pressure of the two plates on each other increase pressure and temperature resulting in the formation of volcanoes such as the volcanoes in Myanmar, and a volcanic arc called the Sunda Arc. Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Asian Tsunami was a result of the pressure at this zone causing a submarine earthquake which then resulted in a huge Tsunamai. [4] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (612x792, 63 KB)Western Sunda Arc and Trench showing tectonics. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (612x792, 63 KB)Western Sunda Arc and Trench showing tectonics. ... Image File history File links Plates_tect2_en. ... Image File history File links Plates_tect2_en. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 755 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 661 pixel, file size: 356 KB, MIME type: image/png) Other versions Scaled version of File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bay... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 755 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 661 pixel, file size: 356 KB, MIME type: image/png) Other versions Scaled version of File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Bay... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The tectonic plates of the Lithosphere on Earth. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... The India or Indian Plate is a minor tectonic plate. ...  The Indo-Australian plate, shown in dull orange The Indo-Australian Plate is an overarching name for two tectonic plates that include the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean extending northwest to include the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters. ... The Burma Plate, showing boundaries with the India Plate (the Sunda Trench) and the Sunda Plate (through the Andaman Sea) The Burma Plate is a small tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, often considered a part of the larger Eurasian Plate. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... Map of Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of India. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... The Burma Plate, showing boundaries with the India Plate (the Sunda Trench) and the Sunda Plate (through the Andaman Sea) The Burma Plate is a small tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, often considered a part of the larger Eurasian Plate. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Myanmar. ... Mariana Islands, an oceanic island arc Cascade Volcanic Arc, a continental volcanic arc A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... Tsunami strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. ... Tectonic plate boundaries, showing the plate movement direction and magnitude of motion. ...

For more information on Plate tectonics see also: Ecology of Sri Lanka
Indo-Australian plate / Burma Plate Oceanic/Oceanic Convergence
Indo-Australian plate / Burma Plate Oceanic/Oceanic Convergence

The Ecology of Sri Lanka is unique, caused by its geographical position and by its geological and climatic history. ... Image File history File links Oceanic-oceanic_convergence_Fig21oceanocean. ... Image File history File links Oceanic-oceanic_convergence_Fig21oceanocean. ...

Marine geology

A zone 50m wide extending from the island of Ceylon and the Coromandel coast to the head of the bay, and thence southwards through a strip embracing the Andaman and Nicobar islands, is bounded by the ioo fathom line of sea bottom; some 50 m. beyond this lies the Soo-fathom limit. Opposite the mouth of the Ganges, however, the intervals between these depths are very much extended by deltaic influence.


Swatch of No Ground is a 14km-wide deep sea canyon of the Bay of Bengal. The deepest recorded area of this valley is about 1340m.[5]


Marine biology, flora and fauna

The Bay of Bengal is full of biological diversity, diverging amongst coral reefs, estuaries, fish spawning and nursery areas, and mangroves. The Bay of Bengal is one of the World's 64 largest marine ecosystems. Part of a coral reef. ... An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water mixes with fresh water. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal Mangroves are woody trees or shrubs that grow in mangrove habitats or mangal (Hogarth, 1999). ... Marine ecoregions are regions of the worlds oceans, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), to aid in conservation activities for marine ecosystems. ... Marine ecosystems are part of the earths aquatic ecosystem. ...


Kerilia jerdonii is a sea snake of the Bay of Bengal. Glory of Bengal Cone (Conus bengalensis) is just one of the seashells which can be photographed along beaches of the Bay of Bengal.[6] Binomial name Kerilia jerdonii Gray, 1849 Jerdons Sea Snake Kerilia jerdonii is a species of sea snake. ...


An endagnered species, the Olive Ridley sea turtle can survive because of the nesting grounds made available at the Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Gahirmatha Beach, Orissa, India. [[Image:{{npov}} {{expert-subject|Law}} The Endangered Species Act (, et seq. ... Binomial name Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) The Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) is one of the smallest species of sea turtle. ... Genera Family Cheloniidae (Oppel, 1811) Caretta Chelonia Eretmochelys Lepidochelys Natator Family Dermochelyidae Dermochelys Family Protostegidae (extinct) Family Toxochelyidae (extinct) Family Thalassemyidae (extinct) Sea turtles (Chelonioidea) are turtles found in all the worlds oceans except theArctic Ocean, and some species travel between oceans. ... Gahirmatha Beach is a beach in the Indian state of Orissa. ... Orissa   (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା), is a state situated on the east coast of India. ...


Marlin, barracuda, skipjack tuna, (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna, Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin (Sousa chinensis) , and Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) are a few of the marine animals. Bay of Bengal Hogfish (Bodianus neilli) is a type of Wrass which live in turbid lagoon reefs or shallow coastal reefs. Schools of dolphins can be seen, whether they are the bottle nose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), Pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) or the spinner dolphin (stenella longirostris) . Tuna and dolphins are usually residing in the same waters. In shallower and warmer coastal waters the Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) can be found. [7][8] Genera Istiophorus Makaira Tetrapturus See text for species. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) The skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, is a medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family, Scombridae. ... Binomial name Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788 The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a type of tuna eaten by humans as food. ... Binomial name Sousa chinensis Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Chinese White Dolphin) range Binomial name Sousa plumbea Indian Humpback Dolphin range Binomial name Sousa teuszi Atlantic Humpback Dolphin range The humpback dolphins are the members of the genus Sousa. ... Binomial name Balaenoptera brydei Olsen, 1913 Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879 Brydes Whale range Bryde’s Whales are the least-known and in many ways the most unusual of the rorquals. ... Genera (60 genera) The wrasses are a family (family Labridae) of reef safe marine fish, many of which are brightly-colored and popular for aquaria. ... Genera See article below. ... Binomial name Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 Bottlenose Dolphin range (in blue) The Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and well-known dolphin, recent molecular studies showing it is in fact two species, Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (). It inhabits warm and temperate seas worldwide and... Binomial name Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846) Pantropical Spotted Dolphin range The Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata) is a species of dolphin found in all the worlds temperate and tropical oceans. ... Binomial name Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) Spinner Dolphin range The Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. ... A shoal of skipjack tuna Tuna are several species of ocean-dwelling fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. ... This article is about the dolphin mammal. ... Binomial name Orcaella brevirostris Gray, 1866 Irrawaddy Dolphin range The Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is a species of dolphin found near coasts and in estuaries in parts of south-east Asia. ...


The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve proides sanctuary to many animals some of which include the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) , giant Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) , and Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis kamaroma) to name a few. The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve encompasses most of the island of Great (or Grand) Nicobar, one of Indias Nicobar Islands. ... Binomial name Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801) Range of the Saltwater Crocodile in black The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the largest of all living reptiles. ... Binomial name Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) The beautiful Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is the biggest of all living turtles, reaching a length of over 2. ... Binomial name Cuora amboinensis (Suckow, 1798) Juvenile Malayan Box Turtles (Cuora amboinensis kamaroma) Amboina Box Turtle or Southeast Asian Box Turtle Cuora amboinensis is a species of turtle. ...


Another endangered species Royal Bengal Tiger is supported by Sundarbans a large estuarine delta that holds a mangrove area in the Ganges River Delta. [9][10] Trinomial name Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bengal Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a subspecies of tiger found in Bangladesh, Bengal region of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and in the south of Tibet. ... The Sundarbans National Park (Bengali: সুন্দরবন জাতীয় উদ্দ্যান) is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in Indian state of West Bengal. ... Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India The Ganges Delta (or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the South Asia region of Bengal, consisting of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. ...


Coral beautifies the underwater area around Nicobar Islands, and the Andaman Islands Some of the biodiversity of a coral reef. ... Map of Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of India. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...

For more information on Biology: Flora of the Bay of Bengal see also: Flora by continent | Flora of Asia | Flora of India | Flora of India | Flora of Malaysia| | lora of Nepal | Flora of Thailand | Ganges Delta Flora and Fauna | Indomalaya ecozone | Mangrove | Natural history of India | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
For more information on Biology: Fauna of the Bay of Bengal see also: Birds of Asia | Endemic birds of South Asia | Fauna of Asia | Fauna of Bangladesh | Fauna of Bhutan | Fauna of India | Fauna of the Indian Subcontinent Fauna of Myanmar | Fauna of Nepal | Fauna of Southeast Asia | Fauna of Sri Lanka | Fauna of Thailand | Fish of Asia | Fishes of India | Fish of South East Asia | Fishes/Categories | Insects of Asia | Mammals of Asia | Reptiles of South Asia | Southeast Asian coral reefs |
For more information on Biology see also:Biota of Asia | Environment of Bangladesh | Environment of Thailand

. ... Ganges River Delta, Bangladesh and India The Ganges Delta (or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the South Asia region of Bengal, consisting of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, India. ... The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal. ... Tropic wet forests in the World Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ... This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the Worlds various zoogeographic zones. ... Glimpses of biodiversity India is one of the high biodiversity regions of the world with three biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma regions. ... This is a list of the fish species found in India and is based on FishBase. ... The following is a list of reptiles of South Asia, primarily covering the region covered by mainland India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, parts of Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Island chains. ... Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the worlds marine ecosystems. ...

Chemical oceanography

Sri Lanka, Serendib, or Ratna – Dweepa which means Gem Island. Amethyst ,beryl, rubies, sapphires, topazes, and garnet are just some of the gems of Sri Lanka. The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා in Sinhala / இலங்கை in Tamil) (known as Ceylon before 1972) is a tropical island nation off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent. ... Amethyst (SiO2) is a violet or purple variety of quartz often used as an ornament. ... Three varieties of beryl: Morganite, Aquamarine, and Heliodor The mineral beryl is a beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2(SiO3)6. ... Ruby is a red gemstone. ... Sapphire (from Hebrew: ספּיר Sapir) is the single-crystal form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), a mineral known as corundum. ... Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)2. ... Garnet is a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...


Physical oceanography - Climate of the Bay of Bengal

From January to October, the current is northward flowing, and the clockwise circulation pattern is called the "East Indian Current." The Bay of Bengal monsoon moves in a northwest direction striking the Nicobar Islands, and the Andaman Islands first end of May, then the North Eastern Coast of India by end of June. The climate of India is difficult to lay due to the countrys large geographic size and varied topography. ... Map of Nicobar Islands The Nicobar Islands are an island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean, and are part of India. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...


The remainder of the year, the conterclockwise current is southwestward flowing, and the circulation pattern is called the East Indian Winter Jet. September and December see very active weather, season varsha (or monsoon), in the Bay of Bengal producing severe Cyclones which affect Eastern India. Several efforts have been initiated to cope with Storm surge.[11] ...


Tropical storms and cyclones

Tropical Cyclone 2B -May 2002
Tropical Cyclone 2B -May 2002
  • 2006 Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala
  • 2006, September Typhoon Xangsane
  • 2004, November Typhoon Muifa
  • 2002, May Tropical Cyclone 2B
  • 1991, April Bangladesh cyclone
  • 1989, November Typhoon Gay
  • 1985, May Tropical Storm One (1B)
  • 1982, April Cyclone One (1B)
  • 1982, May Tropical Storm Two (2B)
  • 1982, October Tropical Storm Three (3B)
  • 1981, December Cyclone Three (3B)
  • 1980, October Tropical Storm One (1B)
  • 1980, December Unknown Storm Four (4B)
  • 1980, December Tropical Storm Five (5B)
  • 1971 Orissa Cyclone
  • 1970, November Bhola cyclone
For more information on Tropical Storms and Cyclones see: 2000-2004 North Indian cyclone seasons | 1995-1999 North Indian cyclone seasons | 1990-1994 North Indian cyclone seasons | 1985-1989 North Indian cyclone seasons | 1980-1984 North Indian cyclone seasons | Floods in Bangladesh | Pre-1980 North Indian cyclone seasons | India Meteorological Department | Tropical cyclones in Bangladesh | Tropical cyclones in Myanmar | Tropical cyclones in Sri Lanka | Typhoons in Thailand [12]

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Cyclone Mala, also known as Super Cyclonic Storm Mala, was the strongest tropical cyclone of the 2006 North Indian cyclone season . ... The name Xangsane has been used to name two tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. ... Lowest pressure 950 mbar (hPa)[1] Damage $17. ... Lowest pressure 898 mbar (hPa) (unconfirmed) Damage $1. ... Lowest pressure 898 mbar (hPa) Damages Unknown Fatalities 1,060 direct Areas affected Thailand, India Part of the 1989 Pacific typhoon season 1989 North Indian Cyclone Season Typhoon Gay (1989 TY 32W) was the tropical cyclone which caused significant damage in province Chumphon of Thailand and eastern India in November... Lowest pressure Unknown Damages Unknown Fatalities 500,000 direct (Deadliest tropical cyclone of all time) Areas affected Bangladesh Part of the 1970 North Indian cyclone season The Bhola cyclone was a powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) on 13 November 1970. ... The years from 2000-2004 featured the 2000-2004 North Indian cyclone seasons. ... ... The years from 1990-1994 featured the 1990-1994 North Indian cyclone seasons. ... The years from 1985-1989 featured the 1985-1989 North Indian cyclone seasons. ... ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The years before 1980 featured the Pre-1980 North Indian cyclone seasons. ... IMD logo The India Meteorological Department is a government of India organisation that is responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasts, detecting earthquakes etc. ...

Sacred sites

  • The coastal town of Dwarka, sacred to Krishna is said to have sunk under the Bay of Bengal. Marine archaeologists are studying ruins and trying to date the findings. [13]
  • Kumari Kandam, an antediluvian civilization, (South India) is also held in myth to be under the Bay of Bengal. Fisherman claim their nets have snagged, and on dives to free them they find pagodas, doorways, and temples to reinforce their belief of this ancient time. [14]
  • The remains of Sri Vaisakheswara Swamy temple lies under the Bay of Bengal. Spokespersons from Andhra University Centre for Marine Archaeology say the temple may be located opposite the Coastal Battery. [15]
  • Another historic site which has been preserved is Vivekanandar Illam. It was contstructed in 1842 by the Ice King Frederic Tudor to store and market ice year round. In 1897, Swami Vivekananda famous lectures were recorded here at Castle Kernan. The site is an exhibition devoted to Swami Vivekananda and his legacy.
  • Konark is the home of the Sun Temple or Black Pagoda. This Brahman sanctuary was built of black granite mid 1200 A.D. and has been declared a World Heritage Site.
  • Ramanathaswami Temple located at Dhanushkodi, where the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean come together.[16]

// [edit] The myth Nakula and Sahadevas Rathas, part of the Seven Pagodas complex, circa 1914. ... Shore Temple, rescued from the sea Mahabalipuram (Tamil:மகாபலிபுரம்) (also known as Mamallapuram) is a town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... Vivekanandar Illam at night Vivekanandar Illam (or Vivekananda House, also called Ice House, Castle Kernan, etc. ... Frederic Tudor (September 4, 1783 - February 6, 1864) was Bostons Ice King, the founder of the Tudor Ice Company, and a merchant who made a fortune shipping ice to the Caribbean, Europe, and even as far away as India from sources of fresh water in New England. ... Swami Vivekananda( स्वामी विवेकानंद )(Bengali: স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ Shami Bibekanondo) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta (Bengali: নরেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত Nôrendronath Dhat-tha), was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga and a major figure in the history of Hinduism and... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Economy

British and other European settlements along Bay of Bengal coastline
British and other European settlements along Bay of Bengal coastline
Map of early Sea Trade Route (in red) and the Early transpeninsula routeways of the Bay of Bengal.
Map of early Sea Trade Route (in red) and the Early transpeninsula routeways of the Bay of Bengal.

One of the first trading ventures along the Bay of Bengal was the The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies more commonly referred to as British East India Company. Gopalpur was one of their main trading centers. Other trading companies along the Bay of Bengal shorelines were English East India Company and French East India Company.[17] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1140x700, 232 KB) Summary Map of India with Sri Lanka, illustrating locations of European settlements in the subcontinent between 1501 and 1739 CE. Adaptation from: [1] with reference varification from: [2] (URL accessed: 23-Mar-2006) Licensing File links The following... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1140x700, 232 KB) Summary Map of India with Sri Lanka, illustrating locations of European settlements in the subcontinent between 1501 and 1739 CE. Adaptation from: [1] with reference varification from: [2] (URL accessed: 23-Mar-2006) Licensing File links The following... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Gopalpur is a census town in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. ... The British East India Company, popularly known as John Company, was founded by a Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600. ... French and other European settlements in India. ...


BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) supports free trade internationally around the Bay of Bengal between Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral Technical and Economic coorperation Background On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and given the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation). ...


The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project is a new venture proposed which would create a channel for a shipping route to link the Gulf of Mannar with the Bay of Bengal. This would connect India east to west without the necessity of going around Sri Lanka. The proposed canal The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project proposes linking the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka by creating a shipping canal through the shallow sea sometimes called Setu Samudram, and through the island chain of Ramas Bridge. ...


Thoni and catamaran fishing boats of fishing villages thrive along the Bay of Bengal shorelines. Fishermen can catch between 26-44 species of marine fish.[18]


In one year, the average catch is 2 million tons of fish from the Bay of Bengal alone.[19]

For more information on trading ventures see also Early history of Kedah; History of modern Penang
For more information on economy around the Bay of Bengal see also Economy of Bangladesh | Economy of Bhutan | Economy of India | Economy of Myanmar | Economy of Nepal | Economy of Sri Lanka | Economy of Thailand

Map of early Sea Trade Route (in red) and the Early transpeninsula routeways of Malay Peninsula. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Environmental hazards

Pollution

"Asian Brown Cloud" hangs over the Bay of Bengal. It is considered to be a combination of vechicle exhaust, smoke from cooking fires, and industrial discharges.[20]


History

Due to continental drift, the India Plate split from Madagascar and collided with the Eurasian Plate resulting in the formation of the Himalayas and The Bay of Bengal.
Due to continental drift, the India Plate split from Madagascar and collided with the Eurasian Plate resulting in the formation of the Himalayas and The Bay of Bengal.
Bay of Bengal (Gangeticus Sinus on the left) from Ptolemy's geography. Redrawn in the 15th century.
Bay of Bengal (Gangeticus Sinus on the left) from Ptolemy's geography. Redrawn in the 15th century.

Northern Circars occupied the western coast of the Bay of Bengal and is now considered to be India's Madras state. The Kakatiya dynasty reached the western coastline of the Bay of Bengal between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers. Kushanas about the about the middle of the