Bayinnaung (Burmese: ဘုရင္‌ေနာင္‌; IPA: [bayìnnaʊ̀n]; lit. the King's Elder Brother, known in Portuguese as Braginoco, and in the Thai language as Burinnaung or Burengnong) was a king of the Toungoo dynasty in modern-day Myanmar. He is widely revered in the country, and is best known for unifying the kingdom and conquering the Shan States, Siam and Laos. He is also well-known in Thailand on account of a popular song titled "Pu Chanah Sip Tit" meaning "Conqueror of Ten Directions." For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Taungoo (Toungoo) is a city in the Bago Division of Myanmar, located 220 km from Yangon, towards the northern end of the division, with mountain ranges to both east and west. ... Shan State is a state located in Myanmar (Burma), which takes its name from the Shan people, the majority ethnic group in the Shan State. ... Anthem: Phleng Chat Royal anthem: Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami Capital Bangkok (Krung Thep) Largest city Bangkok Official languages Thai Government Military junta under Constitutional Monarchy  - King HM The King Bhumibol Adulyadej  - Prime Minister General Surayud Chulanont  - President of the Council of National Security General Sonthi Boonyaratglin Independence    - Sukhothai kingdom 1238...

Reconquest of Burma (1550-1555)

Bayinnaung was the name conferred by his brother-in-law King Tabinshwehti, the founder of the Second Burmese Empire, nearly 3 centuries after the fall of Bagan in 1287 to the Mongol invasion under Kublai Khan. After Tabinshwehti was assassinated by Mon members of his court in Pegu in 1550, Bayinnaung fought to recover Tabinshwehti's kingdom retaking Toungoo and Prome in 1551, Pegu, Martaban, and Bassein in 1552, and finally Ava in 1555. Tabinshwehti (or Tabinshweti) (1512 – 1550) was a king who unified Burma (now Myanmar) in 1539. ... Bagan (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ), formerly Pagan, formally titled Arimaddanapura (the City of the Enemy Crusher) and also known as Tambadipa (the Land of Copper) or Tassadessa (the Parched Land), was the ancient capital of several ancient kingdoms in Myanmar. ... Construction of the Uppsala Cathedral began in 1287. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Qubilai Khan, Qubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215 - February 18, 1294) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ... The Mon (Burmese: ) are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia. ... Bago is a division of Burma. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Martaban is a small town in the Thaton district of Lower Myanmar. ... Innwa (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; formerly Ava) is a city in the Mandalay Division of Myanmar, situated just to the south of Amarapura on the Ayeyarwady River. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ...

Shan States and Chiang Mai (1557-1558)

After he had retaken both Upper Burma and Lower Burma, he led a military expedition northwards to the Shan region and took Mong Mit, Hsipaw, Yawnghwe, Mong Yang, and Mogaung in 1557. Upper Burma was a term used by the British to refer to the central and northern area of what is now the country of Myanmar. ... Burma is divided into 7 states and 7 divisions: Categories: Myanmar | Subdivisions of Myanmar | States of Myanmar | Divisions of Myanmar ... The Shan (Burmese: ; IPA: ; Chinese: ; pinyin: ) are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ...

The following year he marched to Mong Nai (1557) and then the Lanna kingdom of Chiang Mai (Zin Mè 1558) taking both cities. In 1563 he conquered the Chinese Shans of Mong Mao. Mong Nai is an administrative region of the Shan State of Myanmar. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Lanna (English One Million Thai Rice Fields, Thai ล้านนา) was a kingdom in the north of Thailand around the city of Chiang Mai. ... A street scene in Chiang Mai, showing (centre right), a gate of the old city wall. ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ... Mong Mao was an ethnically Tai state that controlled several smaller Tai states or chieftainships along the frontier of what is now Myanmar and China in the Dehong region of Yunnan with a capital near the modern-day border town of Ruili. ...

Ayutthaya (1564-1569)

In 1563, Bayinnaung launched another campaign against the kingdom of Ayutthaya, capturing the capital in 1569 despite widespread opposition and resistance among the Siamese. Siam, in effect, became a vassal state of the Toungoo kingdom, and thousands were taken back to Burma as war captives. Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ... Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ...

Starting in the late 1560s several European travellers such as Cesar Fedrici and Gaspero Balbi travelled to Pegu, the capital of Burma, and left detailed descriptions of Bayinnaung's kingdom in their travel journals (See external links below). William Shakespeare is born. ...

Lan Chang (1570s)

In the 1570s Bayinnaung marched against the kingdom of Lan Chang (Lin Zin) in modern day Laos. The king of Lan Chang Setthathirat and the inhabitants of the capital Vientiane fled to the jungle where they resisted the invasion. The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang or Lan Chang (Pali: Sisattanakhanahut, Lao: lâansâang, from Sinitic “vast number of elephants”) was established in 1354 by Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara (otherwise known as Fa Ngum). ... Setthathirath (1534-1572) is considered one of the great leaders in Lao history. ... Vientiane (IPA: //, Lao Viangchan) is the capital city of Laos, situated in the Mekong Valley. ...

Bayinnaung pursued them into the jungle, but warfare in the jungle proved difficult. The enemy was difficult to find and engage in battle. Failing to achieve decisive control over Lan Chang, Bayinnaung returned to Burma.

When Bayinnaung returned to Lan Chang in 1574 he tried to lure the inhabitants back to the capital and rebuild the kingdom under a ruler of his choice. Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

An expedition was also sent to reassert control over the Shan state of Mogaung in the far north in 1576.

Bayinnaung's death (1581)

On the eve of his death in 1581 Bayinnaung was preparing to launch an attack against the coastal kingdom of Arakan. Siam was liberated by Prince Naresuan after Bayinnaung's death. Events January 16 - English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism April 4 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. July 26 - The Northern Netherlands proclaim their independence from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration. ... Arakan is a state in the North Western part of Myanmar, formerly Burma. ... King Naresuan the Great (1555 - April 25, 1605, also sometimes called Naret or the Black Prince, Thai สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช) was king of Siam (today Thailand) from 1590 until his death in 1605. ...

External links

• The Changing Nature of Conflict between Burma and Siam as seen from the Growth and Development of Burmese States from the 16th to the 19th Centuries, by Pamaree Surakiat,Mar 2006, Asia Research Institute, Singapore.
• Biography of King Bayinnaung (r. 1551-1581), by U Thaw Kaung.
• Account of Pegu (c. 1569), by Cesar Fedrici.
• Voyage to Pegu, and Observations There, Circa 1583, Gaspero Balbi
• A king of Burma and the Sacred Tooth Relic
• The Flight of Lao War Captives from Burma back to Laos in 1596:A Comparison of Historical Sources Jon Fernquest, Mae Fa Luang University, SOAS bulletin, Spring 2005
• The Kinder Side of a Burmese King The Back Page, The Irrawaddy, February 2007
• Thai-Burmese Historical Film Breaks Box Office Records Khun Sam, The Irrawaddy, January 25 2007
• Thai Tourists in Burma Sai Silp, The Irrawaddy, February 2007