Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770; died 26 March 1827) was a German composer of classical music, who lived predominantly in Vienna, Austria. He was a major musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history's greatest composers. His reputation has inspired — and in many cases intimidated — composers, musicians, and audiences who were to come after him. Among his most widely-recognized works are his Fifth Symphony, Ninth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, the piano piece Für Elise, the Pathétique Sonata and the Moonlight Sonata. Image File history File links Beethoven_wiki. ... Image File history File links Beethoven_wiki. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, and Sikhism, and has its origins with the Jewish ritual of mikvah. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (86th in leap years). ... 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Classical musicis a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to musicproduced in, or rooted in the traditions of, Europeanart, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: Beč) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine states (Land Wien). ... The Classical period in Western music occurred from about 1730 and 1820, but there was considerable overlap at both ends with preceding and following periods, as is true for all musical eras. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... The Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... Für Elise (German: For Elise) is the popular name of the Bagatelle in A minor, WoO 59, a famous piece of music for solo piano by Ludwig van Beethoven, written in 1808. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Sonata No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens opus 27 no. ...

Life and work

For more details on this topic, see Life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven.

Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, to Johann van Beethoven (1740–1792), of Flemish origins, and Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven (1744–1787). Until relatively recently, many reference works showed 16 December as Beethoven's "date of birth", since he was baptized on 17 December and children at that time were generally baptized the day after their birth. However, modern scholarship does not make such assumptions. This is a detailed account of the life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven. ... Districts of Bonn Historic Town Hall Münster Cathedral parts of Bonn and the Siebengebirge Godesburg Fortress Bonn is a city in Germany (Population (2004 est): 313,605 ; the 19th largest city in Germany), in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on... Johann van Beethoven was Ludwig van Beethovens father. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Flanders (Flemish, Fleming) (Dutch: Vlaanderen (Vlaams, Vlaming), French: Flandre(s), (flamand, flamand), German: Flandern, (flämisch, Flame) has two main designations: a constituent community of the federal Belgian state through its social and political organisations, and through the institutions of the Flemish Community (with its own Flemish government and Flemish... Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven was the mother of Ludwig van Beethoven. ... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, a musician in the Electoral court at Bonn and an alcoholic who beat him and unsuccessfully attempted to exhibit him as a child prodigy like Mozart. However, others soon noticed Beethoven's talent. He was given instruction and employment by Christian Gottlob Neefe, as well as financial sponsorship by the Prince-Elector. Beethoven's mother died when he was 17, and for several years he was responsible for raising his two younger brothers. The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst (singular) Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... This article needs cleanup. ... A child prodigy, or simply prodigy, is someone who is a master of one or more skills or arts at an early age. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ...

Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792, where he intended to study with Joseph Haydn, but the old man had little time for teaching and he passed Beethoven onto Johann Albrechtsberger. He quickly established a reputation as a piano virtuoso, and more slowly, as a composer. He settled into the career pattern he would follow for the remainder of his life: rather than working for the church or a noble court (as most composers before him had done), he was a freelancer, supporting himself with public performances, sales of his works and stipends from members of the aristocracy who recognized his ability. Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: Beč) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine states (Land Wien). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... (Franz) Joseph Haydn, (March 31 or April 1, 1732 – May 31, 1809) was a leading composer of the Classical period, called the Father of the Symphony and Father of the String Quartet. Although he is still often called Franz Joseph Haydn, Haydn himself actually never used Franz, signing letters and... Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (February 3, 1736 - March 7, 1809) was an Austrian musician who was born at Kloster-Neuburg, near Vienna. ... This article is about the modern musical instrument. ... A virtuoso (from the Latin virtus meaning: skill, manliness, excellence) is an individual who possesses outstanding mechanical ability at operating a musical instrument. ... A freelancer or (freelance worker) is a self-employed person working in a profession or trade in which full-time employment is also common. ...

Beethoven's career as a composer is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Late periods.

In the Early period, he is seen as emulating his great predecessors Haydn and Mozart, at the same time exploring new directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of his work. Some important pieces from the Early period are the first and second symphonies, the first six string quartets, the first two piano concertos, and the first twenty piano sonatas, including the famous Pathétique and Moonlight. Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony Number 2 in D Major, Opus 36 was written between 1801 and 1802 and is 36 minutes long. ... SYMPHONY is an acronym standing for Single- or Multi-Process Optimization over Networks. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Opus 18, published in 1801 by T. Mollo et Comp in Vienna, consisted of his first six string quartets. ... The resident string quartet of the Library of Congress in 1963 A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string instruments—usually two violins, a viola and cello—or a piece written to be performed by such a group. ... A piano concerto is a concerto for solo piano and orchestra. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... A piano sonata is a sonata written for unaccompanied piano. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Sonata No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens opus 27 no. ...

The Middle period began shortly after Beethoven's personal crisis centering around deafness. The period is noted for large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle; these include many of the most famous works of classical music. Middle period works include six symphonies (Nos. 3–8), the last three piano concertos and his only violin concerto, five string quartets (Nos. 7–11), the next seven piano sonatas including the Waldstein, and Appassionata, and Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio. This article is about hearing impairment in the patholocial sense. ... This article is about the type of character. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... A piano concerto is a concerto for solo piano and orchestra. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in D major was written in 1806. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Sonata No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Piano Sonata No. ... The foyer of Charles Garniers Opéra, Paris, opened 1875 Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental as it is through the lyrics. ... Fidelio is an opera in two acts by Ludwig van Beethoven. ...

Beethoven's Late period began around 1816 and lasted until Beethoven stopped composing in 1827. The Late works are greatly admired for and characterized by their intellectual depth, intense and highly personal expression, and experimentation with forms (for example, the Quartet in C Sharp Minor has seven movements, while most famously his Ninth Symphony adds choral forces to the orchestra in the last movement). This period includes the Missa Solemnis, the last six string quartets and the last five piano sonatas. 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The String Quartet No. ... The Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Missa Solemnis in D Major, Op. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ...

Considering the depth and extent of Beethoven's artistic explorations, as well as the composer's success in making himself comprehensible to the widest possible audience, the Austrian-born British musician and writer Hans Keller pronounced Beethoven "humanity's greatest mind altogether". Hans Keller - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Beethoven's personal life was troubled. Around age 28, he started to become deaf, which led him to contemplate suicide (see the 1802 Heiligenstadt Testament). He was attracted to unattainable (married or aristocratic) women, whom he idealized; he never married. Some scholars believe his period of low productivity from about 1812 to 1816 was caused by depression resulting from Beethoven's realization that he would never marry. Post-lingual hearing impairment is a hearing impairment where hearing loss is adventitious and develops due to disease or trauma after the acquisition of speech and language, usually after the age of six. ... This page concerns suicide. ... --69. ... The Heiligenstadt Testament is a will written by Ludwig van Beethoven to his brothers Carl and Johann at Heiligenstadt (today part of Vienna) in 1802. ... Aristocracy is a form of government in which rulership is in the hands of an upper class known as aristocrats. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1816 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Clinical depression is a health condition of depression with mental and physical components reaching criteria generally accepted by clinicians. ...

Beethoven quarrelled, often bitterly, with his relatives and others (including a painful and public custody battle over his nephew Karl); he frequently treated other people badly. He moved often and had strange personal habits, such as wearing filthy clothing even as he washed compulsively. He often had financial troubles.

Many listeners perceive an echo of Beethoven's life in his music, which often depicts struggle followed by triumph. This description is often applied to Beethoven's creation of masterpieces in the face of his severe personal difficulties. Originally, the term masterpiece (or chef doeuvre) referred to a piece of handicraft art produced by a journeyman aspiring to become a master craftsman in the old European guild system, which is partially retained today only in Germany. ...

Beethoven was often in poor health, especially after his mid-20s, when he began to suffer from serious stomach pains. In 1826 his health took a drastic turn for the worse. His death the following year was attributed to liver disease, but modern research on a lock of Beethoven's hair taken at the time of his death shows that lead poisoning could well have contributed to his ill-health and untimely death (the levels of lead were more than 100 times higher than levels found in most people today). The source of the lead poisoning may have been fish from the heavily polluted Danube River and lead compounds used to sweeten wines. It is unlikely that lead poisoning was the cause of his deafness, which several researchers think was caused by an autoimmune disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The hair analysis did not detect mercury, which is consistent with the view that Beethoven did not have syphilis (syphilis was treated with mercury compounds at the time). The absence of drug metabolites suggests Beethoven avoided opiate painkillers. 1826 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The liver is an organ in vertebrates, including humans. ... Lead poisoning is a condition, also known as plumbism or painters colic, caused by increased blood serum lead levels. ... Length 2,888 km Elevation of the source 1,078 m Average discharge 30 km before Passau: 580 m³/s Vienna: 1,900 m³/s Budapest: 2,350 m³/s just before Delta: 6,500 m³/s Area watershed 817,000 km² Origin Black Forest (Schwarzwald-Baar, Baden- Württemberg, Germany... Wine is an alcoholic beverage that is made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 200. ... Depression-era U.S. poster advocating early syphilis treatment Syphilis (historically called lues) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by a spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum. ... The term opiate refers to the alkaloids found in opium, an extract from the seed pods of the opium poppy (). It has also traditionally referred to natural and semi-synthetic derivatives of morphine. ... For other uses of painkiller, see painkiller (disambiguation) An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. ...

Beethoven continued working on his music until the day he died.

Musical style and innovations

Main article: Beethoven's musical style and innovations

Beethoven is viewed as the transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras of musical history. As far as musical form is concerned, he built on the principles of sonata form and motivic development that he had inherited from Haydn and Mozart, but greatly extended them, writing longer and more ambitious movements. But Beethoven also radically redefined the symphony, transforming it from the rigidly structured four-ordered-movements form of Haydn's era to a fairly open ended form that could sustain as many movements as necessary, and of whatever form as necessary to give the work cohesion. Ludwig van Beethoven is viewed as a pivotal figure in the history of European classical music, and important both as an important figure in the Classical and for his influence on the Romantic eras of musical history that followed it. ... The Classical period in Western music occurred from about 1730 and 1820, but there was considerable overlap at both ends with preceding and following periods, as is true for all musical eras. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... The term musical form is used in two related ways: a generic type of composition such as the symphony or concerto the structure of a particular piece, how its parts are put together to make the whole; this too can be generic, such as binary form or sonata form Musical... Sonata form refers to both the standard layout of an entire musical composition and more specifically to the standardized form of the first movement. ... In music, a motif is a perceivable or salient reoccurring fragment or succession of notes that may used to construct the entirety or parts of complete melodies, themes. ...

The work of Beethoven's Middle period is celebrated for its frequent heroic expression, and the works of his Late period for their intellectual depth. See also History of sonata form and Romantic music. This article treats the history of sonata form through the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern eras. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ...

Personal beliefs and their musical influence

Beethoven was much taken by the ideals of the Enlightenment and by the growing Romanticism in Europe. He initially dedicated his third symphony, the Eroica (Italian for "heroic"), to Napoleon in the belief that the general would sustain the democratic and republican ideals of the French Revolution, but in 1804 tore out the title page upon which he had written a dedication to Napoleon, as Napoleon's imperial ambitions became clear, renamed the symphony as the "Sinfonia Eroica, composta per festeggiare il Sovvenire di un grand Uomo", or in English, "composed to celebrate the memory of a great man". The fourth movement of his Ninth Symphony features an elaborate choral setting of Schiller's ode An die Freude ("To Joy"), an optimistic hymn championing the brotherhood of humanity. The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a larger period which includes the Age of Reason. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... The Symphony No. ... Napoleon I of France, by Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, and the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, then as Emperor of the... Democracy in its ideal sense is the notion that the people should have the right to rule themselves. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state whose political organization rests on the principle that the citizens or electorate constitute the ultimate root of legitimacy and sovereignty. ... During the French Revolution (1789-1799) democracy and republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France, and the French sector of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 – May 9, 1805), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. ... To Joy (An die Freude in German, in English often familiarly called the Ode to Joy rather than To Joy) is an ode written in 1785 by the German poet and historian Friedrich Schiller, and known especially for its musical setting by Beethoven in the fourth and final movement of...

Scholars disagree on Beethoven's religious beliefs and the role they played in his work. For discussion, see Beethoven's religious beliefs. The role of religious belief in the work of the celebrated composer Ludwig van Beethoven is a matter of disagreement among scholars. ...

Beethoven the Romantic?

A continuing controversy surrounding Beethoven is whether he was a Romantic composer, or a Classical one. As documented elsewhere, since the meanings of the word "Romantic" and the definition of the period "Romanticism" both vary by discipline, Beethoven's inclusion as a member of that movement or period must be looked at in context.

If we consider the Romantic movement as an aesthetic epoch in literature and the arts generally, Beethoven sits squarely in the first half along with literary Romantics such as the German poets Goethe and Schiller (whose texts both he and the much more straightforwardly Romantic Franz Schubert drew on for songs) and the English poet Percy Shelley. He was also called a Romantic by contemporaries such as Spohr and E.T.A. Hoffman. He is often considered the composer of the first Song Cycle and was influenced by Romantic folk idioms, for example in his use of the work of Robert Burns. He set dozens of such poems (and arranged folk melodies) for voice, piano, and violin. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 - May 9, 1805), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. ... Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (January 31, 1797 – November 19, 1828), was an Austrian composer. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... Louis Spohr as a young man: a self-portrait Louis Spohr (April 5, 1784 - October 22, 1859) was a German composer, violinist and conductor. ... ETA Hoffman Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (January 24, 1776 - June 25, 1822), was a German romantic and fantasy author and composer. ... A song cycle is a group of songs designed to be performed in sequence as a single entity. ... Robert Burns, preeminent Scottish poet Statue of Burns in London Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) is the best known of the poets who have written in Scots. ...

If on the other hand we consider the context of musicology, where Romantic music is dated later; the matter is one of considerably greater debate. For some experts, Beethoven is not a Romantic, and his being one is a myth; for others he stands as a transitional figure, or an immediate precursor to Romanticism, the "inventor" of the Romantic period; for others he is the prototypical, or even archetypical, Romantic composer, complete with myth of heroic genius and individuality. The marker buoy of Romanticism has been pushed back and forth several times by scholarship, and it remains a subject of intense debate, in no small part because Beethoven is seen as a seminal figure. To those for whom the Enlightenment represents the basis of Modernity, he must therefore be unequivocally a Classicist, while for those who see the Romantic sensibility as a key to later aesthetics (including the aesthetics of our own time), he must be a Romantic. Between these two extremes there are, of course, innumerable gradations. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... Modernity is a term used to describe the condition of being Modern. Since the term Modern is used to describe a wide range of periods, modernity must be taken in context. ...

Beethoven's grave in the Zentralfriedhof, Vienna.

Listening to Beethoven's music yields another possible scholarly analysis: there is definitely an evolution in style from Beethoven's earliest compositions to his later works. The young Beethoven can be seen toiling to conform to the aesthetic models of his contemporaries: he wants to write music that is acceptable in the society of his days. Later, there is much more iconoclasm in his approach, like adding a chorus to a symphony, where a symphony had until then only been a purely instrumental genre. This means that the question changes from whether Beethoven was a classicist or a romantic, to: where is the pivotal moment that Beethoven tilted from dominant classicism to dominant romanticism?. Most scholars seem to concur: the presentation of the 5th and 6th symphonies in a single concert in 1808 is probably closest to that pivotal point. In the 5th symphony, he let a short pounding motto theme run through all movements of the composition (unheard of until then). Then the 6th symphony was the first example of a symphony composed as "program music" (what in Romanticism became standard practice), and it broke up the traditional arrangement of a symphony in four movements. Yet, after that, Beethoven still wrote his very "Classical" 8th symphony and some innocent-sounding chamber music for the English market. However, by the end of the first decade of the 19th century, Beethoven the romantic was without a doubt primary. Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1263 KB) Ludwig van Beethovens grave, Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), Vienna, Austria. ... Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1263 KB) Ludwig van Beethovens grave, Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), Vienna, Austria. ... Situated in the district of Simmering, Simmeringer Hauptstraße 230-244, Vienna 1110, Austria, the Zentralfriedhof is the largest and most famous cemetery among Viennas nearly 50 cemeteries. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: Beč) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine states (Land Wien). ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A motto is a phrase or a short list of words meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group or organization. ... Program music is music intended to musically represent, or accompany, an extra-musical theme, contrasting with absolute music. ... Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In contrast, Carl Dahlhaus argues that the evolution of Beethoven's style actually takes him past Romanticism to a place where he was separate from the music of his contemporaries. Dahlhaus points out that our understanding of Beethoven as a Romantic composer derives largely from Beethoven's early middle period, which contains the Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven) and Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven). Beethoven's impact on other Romantic composers, however, is taken largely from works between Ops. 74 and 97, of the second half of the so-called middle period. Dahlhaus argues that the tradition of Romantic music is essentially a tradition of Schubertian music, and that Beethoven's influence on Schubert is largely taken from Ops. 74 to 97. By the time Beethoven reaches the late period, he is such an individual as to be best understood as no longer belonging to the same genre as his Romantic contemporaries. Carl Dahlhaus (June 10, 1928- May 1989), a musicologist from Berlin, has been one of the major contributors to the development of musicology as a scholarly discipline during the post-war era. ... The Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... For the crater on the moon, see Schubert (crater) Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (January 31, 1797 – November 19, 1828), was an Austrian composer. ...

Grosse Fuge manuscript

On October 13, 2005 it was reported that an authentic 179 year-old Beethoven manuscript titled "Grosse Fuge" (a piano four-hands version of the Op. 133 string quartet finale) was found by a Pennsylvania librarian at the Palmer Theological Seminary in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania in July 2005. It had been missing for 115 years. The manuscript is to be auctioned by Sotheby's Auction House on December 1, 2005; its estimated value is $US 1.5-2 million. The manuscript was listed in an 1890 catalogue and sold at an auction in Berlin to a Cincinnati, Ohio industrialist. His daughter gave it and other manuscripts including a Mozart Fantasia to a church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1952. It is not known how the Beethoven manuscript came to be in the possession of the library. October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lost Beethoven manuscript discovered after 115 years http://news. ... The resident string quartet of the Library of Congress in 1963 A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string instruments—usually two violins, a viola and cello—or a piece written to be performed by such a group. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Senators Arlen Specter (R) Rick Santorum (R) Official language(s) None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ... Palmer Theological Seminary, formerly Eastern Baptist Theologial Seminary is a Seminary founded in 1925 It was Originally located on Rittenhouse Square in Philadelphia, Pa. ... Wynnewood, Pennsylvania is a suburban community located outside of Philadelphia in the Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. ... July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The boss is a trained space monkey. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Basic Information Berlin â–¶(?), IPA: , is the capital of Germany and its largest city; the city is now home to 3. ... Cincinnati, Ohio viewed from the SW, across the Ohio River from Kentucky. ... State nickname: The Buckeye State Other U.S. States Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Governor Bob Taft (R) Senators Mike DeWine (R) George Voinovich (R) Official language(s) None Area 116,096 km² (34th)  - Land 106,154 km²  - Water 10,044 km² (8. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. ... Independence Hall, as it appears today. ... 1952 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

See also

• Category:Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
• Three-key exposition
• Beethoven as fictional character
• Beethoven and his contemporaries
• List of works by Beethoven is a listing of most of Beethoven's works, including links to all of the works discussed in their own Wikipedia article.
• List of historical sites associated with Ludwig van Beethoven
• List of composers

The three-key exposition is a particular kind of exposition used in sonata form. ... This article is a summary of works of fiction in which the celebrated composer Ludwig van Beethoven appears as a character. ... During the course of his lifetime (1770-1827), the composer Ludwig van Beethoven enjoyed relationships with many of his musical contemporaries. ... Below is a complete list of works by Beethoven: // Beethoven works, by genre Symphonies Opus 21: Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethoven historical sites. ... Composers are generally people who write music. ...

Media

Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg ( info) The Komm' o Hoffnung.ogg aria from Fidelio, performed by Alice Guszalewicz Moonlight Sonata ( info) Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, 1st movement Moonlight Sonata (alternative version) ( info) Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, 1st movement Pathetique Sonata ( info) Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, 1st & 2nd movements Ode to Joy ( info) Excerpt, Symphony No. 9 in D minor, 4th movement Opus 30, movement 1 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 6 in A major, 1st movement Opus 30, movement 2 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 6 in A major, 2nd movement Opus 30, movement 3 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 6 in A major, 3rd movement Opus 47, movement 1 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major "Kreutzer", 1st movement Opus 47, movement 2 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major "Kreutzer", 2nd movement Opus 47, movement 3 ( info) Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major "Kreutzer", 3rd movement Concerto 4, movement 1 ( info) Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, 1st movement Concerto 4, movement 2 ( info) Piano Concerto No. 4 in G major, 2nd movement Opus 111, movement 1 ( info) Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, 1st movement Opus 111, movement 2 ( info) Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, 2nd movement Opus 62 ( info) Overture - Coriolan Piano Sonata 3, movement 1 ( info) From Piano Sonata no. 3 Symphony 5, movement 1 ( info) From Symphony no. 5 Symphony 5, movement 2 ( info) From Symphony no. 5 Symphony 5, movement 3 ( info) From Symphony no. 5 Symphony 5, movement 4 ( info) From Symphony no. 5 Problems listening to the files? See media help.

Image File history File links Gnome-speakernotes. ... Image File history File links Komm_o_Hoffnung. ... Fidelio is an opera in two acts by Ludwig van Beethoven. ... Moonlight Sonata. ... Moonlight Sonata opus 27. ... Image File history File links Beethoven-Pathetique. ... Ode to Joy. ... Beethoven - opus30-1 04. ... Beethoven - opus30-2 05. ... Beethoven - opus30-3 06. ... Beethoven - opus47-1 01. ... Violin Sonata No. ... Beethoven - opus47-2 02. ... Violin Sonata No. ... Beethoven - opus47-3 03. ... Violin Sonata No. ... Beethoven concerto4 1. ... Beethoven concerto4 2. ... Beethoven - Sonata opus 111 -1. ... Beethoven - Sonata opus 111 -2. ... Image File history File links Ludwig van Beethoven - Overtüre c-moll, op. ... Image File history File links Beethoven_Sonata_3_movement_1. ... Beethovens Piano Sonata No. ... Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphonie 5 c-moll - 1. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphonie 5 c-moll - 2. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphonie 5 c-moll - 3. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ... Ludwig van Beethoven - Symphonie 5 c-moll - 4. ... Ludwig van Beethovens Symphony No. ...

References

• Carl Dahlhaus, Nineteenth Century Music, trans. J. Bradford Robinson (1989) ISBN 0520052919

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Ludwig van Beethoven

• Beethoven-Haus Bonn. Official website of Beethoven-Haus in Bonn, Germany. Links to extensive studio and digital archive, library holdings, the Beethoven-Haus Museum (including "internet exhibitions" and "virtual visits"), the Beethoven-Archiv research center, and information on Beethoven publications of interest to the specialist and general reader. Extensive collection of Beethoven's compositions and written documents, with sound samples.
• Works by Ludwig van Beethoven at Project Gutenberg, the oldest producer of public domain ebooks.
• The Guevara Lock of Beethoven's Hair. Page from The Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies.
• Hair analysis says Beethoven died of lead poisoning. CBC News, 18 October 2000.
• Beethoven Lives Upstairs (1989) at the Internet Movie Database. Film starring Neil Munro as Beethoven.
• Immortal Beloved (1994) at the Internet Movie Database. Film starring Gary Oldman as Beethoven.
• Piano Society — Beethoven. Many free recordings, articles and biography.
• Beethoven cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.
• French Pictures of : "Beethoven in Vienna and Baden"

Image File history File links i would like to see some quotations by or about goebbels. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Map of Germany showing Bonn Watershed of the Rhine river Bonn is a city in Germany (Population (2002 est): 310 930, the 19th largest city in Germany), in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, located ca. ... Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), owned by Amazon. ... Neil Munro, (b. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), owned by Amazon. ... Gary Oldman is an English actor, born Leonard Gary Oldman on March 21, 1958) in London, England. ... University of California, Santa Barbara The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is a coeducational public university located on the Pacific Ocean in Santa Barbara County, California. ...

This is a detailed account of the life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven. ... Ludwig van Beethoven is viewed as a pivotal figure in the history of European classical music, and important both as an important figure in the Classical and for his influence on the Romantic eras of musical history that followed it. ... During the course of his lifetime (1770-1827), the composer Ludwig van Beethoven enjoyed relationships with many of his musical contemporaries. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period. ... Johannes Brahms (May 7, 1833 – April 3, 1897) was a German composer of Romantic music, who predominantly lived in Vienna, Austria. ... Frédéric-François Chopin as portrayed by Eugène Delacroix in 1838. ... Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864 – September 8, 1949) was a German composer of the late Romantic era, particularly noted for his tone poems and operas. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 in Leipzig – February 13, 1883 in Venice) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his groundbreaking symphonic-operas (or music dramas). His compositions are notable for their continuous contrapuntal texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and elaborate... The specific use of Romantic poetry varies, but the most common definition is a movement in poetry seeking formal freedom, increased emotional effect and use of ancient and folk sources for poetry. ... William Blake (1807) William Blake (November 28, 1757 – August 21, 1827) was an English poet, painter and printmaker. ... Robert Burns, preeminent Scottish poet Statue of Burns in London Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) is the best known of the poets who have written in Scots. ... Lord Byron, English poet George Gordon (Noel) Byron, 6th Baron Byron (January 22, 1788–April 19, 1824) was an English poet and leading figure in Romanticism. ... Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet, 1795 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772 – July 25, 1834) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and as one of the Lake Poets. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe â–¶(?) (IPA: ) (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German novelist, dramatist, poet, humanist, scientist, philosopher, and for ten years chief minister of state at Weimar. ... John Keats John Keats (October 31, 1795 – February 23, 1821) was one of the principal poets in the English Romantic movement. ... Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (December 24, 1798 – November 26, 1855) was one of the most well-known Polish poets and writers, considered as the greatest Polish poet, besides Zygmunt KrasiÅ„ski and Juliusz SÅ‚owacki. ... Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. ... William Wordsworth, English poet William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English poet who with Samuel Taylor Coleridge launched the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Portrait of Copley by Gilbert Stuart. ... Goya self-portrait. ... The Hudson River school was a 19th century American group of landscape painters whose approach was related to romanticism. ... Washington Crossing the Delaware Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816-July 18, 1868) was a German-born American painter. ... Though a Bohemian is a native of the Czech province of Bohemia, a secondary meaning for bohemian emerged in 19th century France. ... Liberty Leading the People, embodying the Romantic view of the French Revolution of 1830; its painter Eugène Delacroix also served as an elected deputy Romantic nationalism (also organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of... The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a larger period which includes the Age of Reason. ... Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes, art and culture of the later two-thirds of the 19th century. ... It has been suggested that Modernist project be merged into this article or section. ...