Belisarius may be the bearded figure on Emperor Justinian I's right in the mosaic in the Church of San Vitale, Ravenna that celebrates the reconquest of Italy, performed by the Byzantine army under the skillful leadership of Belisarius himself.

Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Military campaigns 2.1 Against the Vandals 2.2 Against the Ostrogoths 2.3 Later life and campaigns 3 Legend of Belisarius as a blind beggar 4 Belisarius in fiction 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links

Flavius Belisarius (505(?) – 565) was one of the greatest generals of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most acclaimed generals in history. He was instrumental to Emperor Justinian I's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Western Roman Empire, which had been lost just under a century previously. Image File history File links Justinian_mosaik_ravenna. ... Image File history File links Justinian_mosaik_ravenna. ... (Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Greek: Ιουστινιανός;) commonly known as Justinian I, or (among Eastern Orthodox Christians) as Saint Justinian the Great; c. ... The Basilica of San Vitale The Basilica of San Vitale is the most famous monument of Ravenna, Italy and is one of the most important examples of Byzantine Art and architecture in western Europe. ... Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... Events Births Belisarius, Byzantine general (+ 565) Deaths Categories: 505 ... Events January 22 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... (Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Greek: Ιουστινιανός;) commonly known as Justinian I, or (among Eastern Orthodox Christians) as Saint Justinian the Great; c. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus The Western Roman Empire in 395. ...

Although comparatively less well-known than other famed military leaders such as Hannibal, Julius Caesar, or Alexander the Great, his skills and accomplishments were matched by very few other military commanders in history. Hannibal, the son of Hamilcar Barca, (247 BC – ca. ... Julius Caesar [1] (Latin pronunciation ; English pronunciation ; July 12 or July 13, 100 BC or 102 BC – March 15, 44 BC), was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1][2] Megas Alexandros; July 20 356 BC – June 10 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon (336–323 BC). ... . ...

One of the defining features of Belisarius' career was his operating under conditions of little or no support from his emperor Justinian and Byzantium, and nonetheless succeeding through military genius. He is among a select group of men considered to be The "Last of the Romans". This article concerns how a man differs from women. ... The Last of the Romans is a term that has been applied to various people: Gaius Asinius Pollio, one of the last great orators and writers of the Roman Republic, is sometimes referred to as such. ...

Early life and career

Belisarius was probably born in Germane or Germania, a city that once stood on the site of present day Sapareva Banya in south-west Bulgaria. He may have been of Greek ancestry.^[1] He became a Roman soldier as a young man, serving in the bodyguard of the Emperor Justin I. Following Justin's death in 527, the new Emperor, Justinian I, appointed Belisarius to command the Byzantine army in the east to deal with incursions from the Sassanid Empire. He quickly proved himself an able and effective commander, defeating the larger Sassanid army through superior generalship. In June 530 during the Iberian War, he led the Byzantines to a victory over the Sassanids in the Battle of Daraa, followed by a close defeat at the Battle of Callinicum on the Euphrates in 531. This led to the negotiation of an "Endless Peace" with the Persians and heavy tributes for years in exchange for a peace treaty. Sapareva Banya (Сапарева баня) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. ... Flavius Iustinus Augustus. ... This article is about the year. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... (Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Greek: Ιουστινιανός;) commonly known as Justinian I, or (among Eastern Orthodox Christians) as Saint Justinian the Great; c. ... After Islamic Conquest  Modern SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226–651). ... Battle of Daras: Belisarius and Hermogenes defeat the Persians in a major battle which blunts a Persian offensive into Roman Mesopotamia. ... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Iberia Persian Empire Commanders Belisarius Sittas Gregory Maurice Kavadh I Firouz Azarethes The Iberian War was fought from 526 to 532 between the Eastern Roman Empire and Persian Empire over the country of Iberia // Origin After the Anastasian War, a seven-year truce was agreed on... Combatants Byzantine Empire, Heruli, Huns Sassanid Persians Commanders Belisarius, Hermogenes, John Firouz, Baresmanes† Strength 25,000 50,000 Casualties Unknown Over 5,000 The Battle of Daraa was fought between the Sassanids and the Byzantine Empire in 530. ... The Battle of Callinicum took place between the armies of the Eastern Roman Empire under the command of General Belisarius and Persians under Azarethes on April 19, 531 AD. Belisarius had been skirmishing with the Persian forces after the Battle of Dara in an attempt to incite a rout, but... Surfer Rosa The Euphrates (IPA: /juːˈfreɪtiːz/; Greek: EuphrátÄ“s; Akkadian: Pu-rat-tu; Hebrew: פְּרָת PÄ•rāth; Syriac: Prâth; Arabic: الفرات Al-Furāt; Turkish: Fırat; Kurdish: فرهات, Firhat, Ferhat, Azeri: FÉ™rat) is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia (the other... Events End of the reign of Northern Wei Chang Guang Wang, ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty. ... A tribute (from Latin tribulum, contribution) is wealth one party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often case in historical contests, of submission or allegiance. ...

In 532, he was the highest ranking military officer in the Imperial capital of Constantinople when the Nika riots (among factions of chariot racing fans) broke out in the city and nearly resulted in the overthrow of Justinian. Belisarius, with the help of the magister militum of Illyria, Mundus, suppressed the rebellion with a bloodbath in the Hippodrome, the gathering place of the rebels, that is said to have claimed the lives of 30,000 people. Events First year in which Anno Domini calendar is actually used for numbering (in Dionysius Exiguuss treatise) January 11 - Nika riots in Constantinople; the cathedral is destroyed. ... Map of Constantinople. ... The Nika riots (Greek: Στάση του Νίκα), or Nika revolt, took place over the course of a week in Constantinople in 532. ... Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek and Roman sports. ... Magister militum (Latin for Master of the Soldiers) was a top-level command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine. ... Location of Illyria Illyria (Albanian Iliria Land of the Free; Ancient Greek ; Latin Illyria [1] (see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the western part of todays Balkan Peninsula, founded by the tribes and clans of Illyrians, an ancient people who spoke the Illyrian languages. ... Look up mundus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Military campaigns

The enlargment of the Byzantine Empire possessions between the rise to power of Justinian (red, 527) and his death (orange, 565). Belisarius contributed greatly to the expansion of the empire.

Image File history File links Justinien_527-565. ... Image File history File links Justinien_527-565. ...

Against the Vandals

For his efforts, Belisarius was rewarded by Justinian with the command of a great land and sea expedition against the kingdom of the Vandals, mounted in 533-534. The Byzantines had political, religious, and strategic reasons for mounting such a campaign. The pro-Byzantine Vandal king Hilderic had been deposed and murdered by the usurper Gelimer, giving Justinian a legal pretext for mounting an expedition. Furthermore, the Arian Vandals had periodically persecuted the Nicene Christians within their kingdom, many of whom made their way to Constantinople seeking redress. Justinian wanted control of the Vandals' territory in North Africa, which was vital for guaranteeing Byzantine access to the western Mediterranean. In the late summer of 533, Belisarius sailed to Africa and landed near the city of Leptis Magna, from which he marched along the coastal highway toward the Vandal capital of Carthage. The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe which entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. ... Events February 1 - John becomes Pope, succeeding Pope Boniface II, who had died in 532. ... Events January 1 - Decimus Theodorius Paulinus appointed consul, the last to hold this office in the West. ... Hilderic, King of the Vandals and Alans (c. ... Gelimer (480-553), King of the Vandals and Alans from 530 to 534, was the last ruler of the North African Kingdom of the Vandals. ... This article is about theological views like those of Arius. ... Icon depicting the Holy Fathers of the First Council of Nicaea holding the Nicene Creed. ... North Africa is the Mediterranean, northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Events February 1 - John becomes Pope, succeeding Pope Boniface II, who had died in 532. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Arch of Septimius Severus Market place Leptis Magna (or Lepcis Magna as it is sometimes spelled), also called Neapolis, was a prominent city of the Roman Empire. ... Roman Carthage with former military harbor Carthage (Greek: , Latin: , from the Phoenician meaning new town; Arabic: ) refers both to an ancient city in Tunisia and to the civilization that developed within the citys sphere of influence. ...

Ten miles from Carthage, the forces of Gelimer (who had just executed Hilderic) and Belisarius finally met at the Battle of Ad Decimum (September 13, 533). It nearly turned into a defeat for the Byzantines. Gelimer had chosen his position well and had some success against the opposing forces along the main road. The Byzantines, however, seemed dominant on both the right and left sides of the main road to Carthage. However, at the height of the battle, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle. This gave Belisarius a chance to regroup, and he went on to win the battle and capture Carthage. A second victory at the Battle of Tricamarum later in the year (December 15) resulted in Gelimer's surrender early in 534 at Mount Papua, permitting the lost Roman provinces of north Africa to be restored to the empire. For this achievement Belisarius was granted a Roman triumph (the last ever given) when he returned to Constantinople. According to Procopius, if he is to be believed, in the procession were paraded the spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem which had been recovered from the Vandal capital. Medals were stamped in his honor with the inscription "Gloria Romanorum", though none seem to have come down to us. Belisarius was also made sole consul in 534, being one of the last individuals ever to hold this office which was, by this time, merely a ceremonial relic of the ancient Roman Republic. Battle of Ad Decimum Conflict Wars of Justinian I Date September 13, 533 Place Near Carthage Result Roman victory The Battle of Ad Decimum took place on September 13, 533 between the armies of the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer and the eastern Roman Empire, under the command of general... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 1 - John becomes Pope, succeeding Pope Boniface II, who had died in 532. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 1 - Decimus Theodorius Paulinus appointed consul, the last to hold this office in the West. ... A Roman Triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly honour the military commander (dux) of a notably successful foreign war or campaign and to display the glories of Roman victory. ... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ... The Jerusalem Temple (Hebrew: beit ha-mikdash) was the center of Israelite and Jewish worship, primarily for the offering of sacrifices known as the korbanot. ... Consul (abbrev. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, c. ...

Against the Ostrogoths

Main article: Gothic War (535–554)

Justinian now resolved to restore as much of the Western Roman Empire as he could. In 535, he commissioned Belisarius to attack the Ostrogoths. Again, he chose well, as Belisarius quickly captured Sicily and then crossed into Italy proper, where he captured Naples and Rome in 536. See Gothic War (376-382) for the war on the Danube. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus The Western Roman Empire in 395. ... Events Beginning of the Western Wei Dynasty in China. ... This article deals with the continental Ostrogoths. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... For other uses see, Naples (disambiguation) and Napoli (disambiguation) Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Events June 8 - St. ...

The following year, he successfully defended Rome against the Goths and moved north to take Mediolanum (Milan) and the Ostrogoth capital of Ravenna in 540, where the Goth king Witiges was captured. Shortly prior to the taking of Ravenna, the Ostrogoths offered to make Belisarius the western emperor. Belisarius feigned acceptance and entered Ravenna via its sole point of entry, a causeway through the marshes, accompanied by his comitatus (veterans). Once inside the city, Belisarius quickly seized Witiges and then capitalized on the resulting lack of leadership to secure the city. Thereupon, he proclaimed the capture of Ravenna in the name of the Emperor Justinian. Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Ostrogothic Kingdom Commanders Belisarius Witigis Strength <5,000 soldiers 5,600 reinforcements unknown number of conscripts ~45,000 men Wars of Justinian I Iberian War Dara - Nisibis - Callinicum Vandalic War Ad Decimum - Tricamarum Gothic War 1st Rome - Faventia - 2nd Rome - 3rd Rome - Taginae - Mons Lactarius - Volturnus... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Events Byzantine general Belisarius conquers Milan and the Ostrogoth capital Ravenna. ... Witiges or Vitiges (d. ...

The Goths' offer perhaps raised suspicions in Justinian's mind and Belisarius was recalled to the East to deal with a Persian conquest of Syria, a crucial province of the empire. Belisarius took the field and waged a brief, inconclusive campaign against them in 541-542. He eventually managed to negotiate a truce (aided with the payment of a large sum of money, 5,000 pounds of gold), in which the Persians agreed not to attack Byzantine territory for the next five years. Events January 1 - Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 - Earthquake strikes Laodicea. ... Events The plague killed upwards of 100,000 in Constantinople and perhaps two million or more in the rest of the Byzantine Empire (possibly exaggerated). ...

Belisarius returned to Italy in 544, where he found that the situation had changed greatly. In 541 the Ostrogoths had elected Totila as their new leader and had mounted a vigorous campaign against the Byzantines, recapturing all of northern Italy and even driving the Byzantines out of Rome. Belisarius managed to recover Rome briefly but his Italian campaign proved unsuccessful, thanks in no small part to his being starved of supplies and reinforcements by a jealous Justinian. In 548, Justinian relieved him in favor of the eunuch Narses, who, thanks both to military competence and cooperation from the Emperor was able to bring the campaign to a successful conclusion. For his part, Belisarius went into retirement. Events Belisarius is sent back to Italy to once more fight the Ostrogoths who have been making reconquests in the area. ... Events January 1 - Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 - Earthquake strikes Laodicea. ... Totila, born in Treviso, was king of the Ostrogoths, chosen after the death of his uncle Ildibad, having engineered the assassination of Ildibads short-lived successor his cousin Eraric in 541. ... Events Belisarius is relieved of command over the Byzantine forces in Italy and replaced with Narses. ... Narses (478-573) was, along with Belisarius, one of the two great generals in the service of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. during the so-called Reconquest that took place during the Justinians reign. ...

In 537, in an incident that troubled him for the rest of his life, Belisarius, an orthodox Catholic, was commanded by the monophysite Empress Theodora to depose the reigning Pope, who had been installed by the Goths. This Pope was the former subdeacon Silverius, the son of Pope Saint Hormisdas, against whom charges of treason were trumped up and pressed by Antonina, Belisarius' wife and Theodora's best friend. Belisarius was to replace him with the Deacon Vigilius, Apocrisarius of Pope John II in Constantinople. Vigilius had been chosen in 531 by Pope Boniface II to be his successor, but this choice was overwhelmingly rejected by the Roman clergy and faithful. Silverius was deposed and exiled to Patara in Lycia in Asia Minor but recalled at the command of the Emperor Justinian, when the bishop of Patara complained to him. However, Vigilius had already been installed in his place and he and Antonina seem to have encompassed his death by starvation on the island of Palmaria (Ponza), whose patron saint he remains today. At the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (553), Belisarius was one of the Emperor's envoys to Pope Vigilius in their tug of war over "The Three Chapters". The Patriarch Eutychius, who presided over this council in the place of Pope Vigilius, was the son of one of Belisarius' generals. Belisarius, for his part, built the church of Santa Maria in Trivo in Rome as a sign of his repentance. He also built two hospices for pilgrims and a monastery which have since disappeared. Santa Maria in Trivio is around the corner from the Trevi fountain, and is the only surviving monument of the great general. Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning one and physis meaning nature) is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. ... The Three Chapters (trîa kephálaia), a phase in the Monophysite controversy, was an attempt to reconcile the Christians of Syria and Egypt with Western Christendom, following the failure of the Henotikon. ...

Later life and campaigns

The retirement of Belisarius came to an end in 559, when an army of Slavs and Bulgars under a cham called zabergan crossed the Danube River to invade Byzantine territory for the first time and threatened Constantinople itself. Justinian recalled Belisarius to command the Byzantine army against the Bulgar invasion. In his last campaign, Belisarius defeated the Bulgars and drove them back across the river with a grossly outnumbered defending force at his command. Events The Bulgars invade and raid Byzantine territory, but are driven back near Constantinople by Belisarius. ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Bulgar warriors slaughter Byzantines, from the Menology of Basil II, 10th century. ... Length 2,888 km Elevation of the source 1,078 m Average discharge 30 km before Passau: 580 m³/s Vienna: 1,900 m³/s Budapest: 2,350 m³/s just before Delta: 6,500 m³/s Area watershed 817,000 km² Origin Black Forest (Schwarzwald-Baar, Baden- Württemberg...

In 562, Belisarius stood trial in Constantinople on a charge of corruption. The charge was likely trumped-up, and modern research suggests that his bitter enemy, his former secretary Procopius of Caesarea, the author of the Secret History, may have judged his case. Belisarius was found guilty and imprisoned. However, not long after the conviction, Justinian pardoned him, ordered his release, and restored him to favour at the imperial court. For the area code 562 see Area Code 562 Events Nan Xiao Ming Di succeeds Nan Liang Xuan Di as ruler of the Chinese Nan Liang Dynasty. ... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ... A secret history (or shadow history) is a revisionist interpretation of either fictional or real (or known) history which is claimed to have been deliberately suppressed or forgotten. ...

In the first five chapters of his work Procopius tells the story of Belisarius as a cuckold husband, who is emotionally dependent on his debauched wife, Antonina. According to the historian Antonina cheated on Belisarius with their godson, the young Theodosius. Procopius claims that the love affair was well known in the imperial court and the general was regarded as weak and ridiculous,this view is often considered as biased as Procopius nursed a longstanding hatred of both Belisarius and Antonina. Empress Theodora reportedly helped and saved Antonina when Belisarius tried to charge his wife at last.

Fittingly, Belisarius and Justinian, whose sometimes strained partnership increased the size of the empire by 45%, died within a few weeks of one another in November of 565. Belisarius owned the estate of Rufinianae on the Asiatic side of the Constantinople suburbs. He may very well have died there and been buried near one of the two churches in the area, probably Saints Peter and Paul. Events January 22 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. ...

Legend of Belisarius as a blind beggar

Bélisaire, by François André Vincent, 1776. Belisarius, blinded, a beggar, is recognised by one of his former soldiers

Belisar as a beggar, as depicted in popular legend, in the painting by Jacques-Louis David (1781). The outcast Belisarius receiving hospitality from a Peasant by Jean-François Pierre Peyron.

According to a story that gained popularity during the Middle Ages, Justinian is said to have ordered Belisarius' eyes to be put out, and reduced him to the status of homeless beggar near the Pincian Gate of Rome, condemned to asking passers-by to "give an obolus to Belisarius" (date obolum Belisario), before pardoning him. Most modern scholars believe the story to be apocryphal, though Philip Stanhope, a 19th century British philologist who wrote Life of Belisarius — the only exhaustive biography of the great general — believed the story to be true. Based on a thorough parsing of the available primary sources, Stanhope created a noteworthy, if not wholly convincing argument for the legend's authenticity. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Portrait of François-André Vincent by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, painted 1795 François-André Vincent (1746–1816) was a French neoclassical painter. ... Download high resolution version (750x687, 185 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (750x687, 185 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 – December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Download high resolution version (996x650, 88 KB)Belisarius receiving Hospitality from a Peasant, by Jean-François-Pierre Peyron The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the... Download high resolution version (996x650, 88 KB)Belisarius receiving Hospitality from a Peasant, by Jean-François-Pierre Peyron The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the... King Perseus of Macedon in front of Aemilius Paulus Jean-François Pierre Peyron, full name of Pierre Peyron (Aix-en-Provence, 1744 - Paris, 1814) was a French neoclassical painter. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... A homeless man pushes a cart down the street. ... Beggars in Samarkand, 1905 Begging includes the various methods used by persons to obtain money, food, shelter, or other necessities from people they encounter during the course of their travels. ... External view of Porta Pinciana. ... The obolus (or obol) is a Greek silver coin worth a sixth of a drachma. ... Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope (January 30, 1805 - December 24, 1875), was an English historian, better known as Lord Mahon. ... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ...

Though the legend remains of dubious provenance, after the publication of Jean-François Marmontel's novel Bélisaire (1767), this account became a popular subject for progressive painters and their patrons in the later 18th century, who saw parallels between the actions of Justinian and the repression imposed by contemporary rulers. For such subtexts Marmontel's novel received a public censure by Louis Legrand of the Sorbonne, which contemporary divines regarded as model expositions of theological knowledge and clear thinking (Catholic Encyclopedia: "Louis Legrand"). Marmontel and the painters and sculptors (a bust of Belisarius by the French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Stouf is at the J. Paul Getty Museum) depicted Belisarius as a kind of secular saint, sharing the suffering of the downtrodden poor. The most famous of these paintings, by Jacques-Louis David, combines the themes of charity (the alms giver), injustice (Belisarius), and the radical reversal of power (the soldier who recognises his old commander). Others portray him being helped by the poor after his rejection by the powerful. Jean-François Marmontel (July 11, 1723 - December 31, 1799) was a French historian and writer, a member of the Encyclopediste movement. ... See also: 1766 in literature, other events of 1767, 1768 in literature, list of years in literature. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Louis Legrand 1863 - 1951 Full name: Louis Auguste Mathieu Legrand Louis Legrand was a talented French artist. ... Jean-Baptiste Stouf (Paris 1742–Charenton-le-Pont 1826), a pupil of Guillaume II Coustou, son of the great French baroque sculptor Guillaume Coustou, was a French sculptor known especially for his commemorative portrait busts and expressive emotional content. ... View of a building at the Getty Center, from the Central Garden. ... Many religions keep lists of departed holy people or saints who are revered. ... Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 – December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... Allegorical personification of Charity as a mother with three infants by Anthony van Dyck // The word charity entered the English language through the O.Fr word charite which was derived from the Latin caritas.[1] In Christian theology charity, or love (agapÄ“), is the greatest of the three theological virtues... Alms Bag taken from some Tapestry in Orleans, Fifteenth Century. ... Justice is a concept involving the fair and moral treatment of all persons, especially in law. ...

Belisarius in fiction

Belisarius was featured in several works of art before the 20th century. The oldest of them is the historical treatise by his very own secretary, Procopius, the Anecdota, commonly referred to as the Arcana Historia or Secret History, it is an extended attack on Belisarius and Antonina, indicting him as a love-blind fool and his wife as unfaithful and duplicitous. Later works include: (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901&#8211;2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900&#8211;1999... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ...

• Belisarius, 19th century poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow;
• Beliar, 18th century poem by Friedrich de la Motte Fouque;
• The life and history of Belisarius, who conquer'd Africa and Italy, with an account of his disgrace, the ingratitude of the Romans, and a parallel between him and a modern hero, drama by John Oldmixon;
• Belasarius, 1607 play by Jakob Bidermann;
• Belasarius, 1724 drama by William Philips;
• Belisarius, 1742 novel by John Downman;
• Bélisaire, 1767 novel by Jean-François Marmontel;
• Belisario, 19th century opera, by Gaetano Donizetti.
• Belisarius: The First Shall Be Last 2006 novel by Paolo Belzoni[1]

The life of Belisarius was the subject of the historical novel Count Belisarius (1938) by Robert Graves. Ostensibly written from the viewpoint of the eunuch Eugenius, servant to Belisarius' wife (but actually based on Procopius's history), the book portrays Belisarius as a solitary honorable man in a corrupt world, and paints a vivid picture of not only his startling military feats but also the colorful characters and events of his day, such as the savage Hippodrome politics of the Constantinople chariot races, which regularly escalated to open street battles between fans of opposing factions, and the intrigue between the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century &#8212; 19th century &#8212; 20th century &#8212; more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet whose works include Paul Reveres Ride, A Psalm of Life, The Song of Hiawatha and Evangeline. He also wrote the first American translation of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy and was one of the five members... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte, Baron Fouqué (February 12, 1777 - January 23, 1843), was a German writer of the romantic movement. ... John Oldmixon (1673 - July 9, 1742) was an English historian. ... Year 1607 (MDCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Jacob Bidermann was born in 1578 in the village of Ehingen, about 30 miles southwest of Ulm. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... There have been a number of people named William Phillips: William Phillips (pirate) (16??-1724) was an English pirate. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... John Downman (1750 - 1824), English portrait painter, was the son of Francis Downman, attorney, of St Neots, by Charlotte Goodsend, eldest daughter of the private secretary to George I; his grandfather, Hugh Downman (1672-1729), having been the master of the House of Ordnance at Sheerness. ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-François Marmontel (July 11, 1723 - December 31, 1799) was a French historian and writer, a member of the Encyclopediste movement. ... Belisario (Belisarius) is a tragedia lirica, or opera, in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century &#8212; 19th century &#8212; 20th century &#8212; more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. ... Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was a famous Italian opera composer. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Count Belisarius is a historical novel by Robert Graves, first published in 1938, recounting the life of the Byzantine general Belisarius. ... See also: 1937 in literature, other events of 1938, 1939 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was an English poet, scholar, and novelist. ... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ... The Hippodrome today, with the Walled Obelisk in the foreground Obelisk of Thutmosis III The base of the Obelisk of Thutmosis III showing Theodosius the Great as he offers a laurel wreath to the victor from the Kathisma (emperors box) at the Hippodrome The Delphi Tripod known as the...

Belisarius also appears in the 1876 historical novel Ein Kampf um Rom by Felix Dahn. Felix Ludwig Julius Dahn (February 9, 1834 - January 3, 1912) was a German lawyer, author and historian. ...

Belisarius appears in the alternate history novel Lest Darkness Fall (1939) by L. Sprague de Camp. There he was first the Byzantine opponent of the time traveler Martin Padway who tried to spread modern science and inventions in Gothic Italy. Eventually Belisarius became general in Padway's army and secured Italy for him. Lest Darkness Fall is an alternate history science fiction novel written in 1939 by author L. Sprague de Camp. ... See also: 1938 in literature, other events of 1939, 1940 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Lyon Sprague de Camp, (November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. ... Time travel is a concept that has long fascinated humanity&#8212;whether it is Merlin experiencing time backwards, or religious traditions like Mohammeds trip to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, returning before a glass knocked over had spilt its contents. ... Lest Darkness Fall is an alternate history science fiction novel written in 1939 by author L. Sprague de Camp. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...

Belisarius is also the main character of the Belisarius series in a series of six science fiction novels by Eric Flint and David Drake, an alternate history exploring what might have happened if Belisarius (and a rival) were granted knowledge of future events and technologies. The first three books of this series are available as free ebooks from the Baen Free Library. The Belisarius Series is a collection of novels written by David Drake and Eric Flint and published by Baen Books. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Eric Flint (born California, USA, 1947) is an American science fiction, alternate history, and fantasy author and editor. ... David Drake David Drake (born September 24, 1945) is a successful author of science fiction and fantasy literature. ... Alternate history (fiction) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Baen Free Library is a digital library of the science fiction and fantasy publishing house Baen Books where (as of June 2005) 77 full books are available for free download in a number of formats, without copy protection. ...

In the General series of military science fiction novels by S.M. Stirling and David Drake, the plot draws much from the life and campaigns of Belisarius; the main character, Raj Whitehall, sets out to reunite the planet of Bellevue after the fall of galactic civilization. The General (also known as the Raj Whitehall series after the lead character) is a set of military science fiction books written by S.M. Stirling from an outline by David Drake. ... Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein is a well-known example of military science fiction. ... Stephen Michael Stirling is a Canadian-American science fiction and fantasy author. ... David Drake David Drake (born September 24, 1945) is a successful author of science fiction and fantasy literature. ... The General (also known as the Raj Whitehall series after the lead character) is a set of military science fiction books written by S.M. Stirling from an outline by David Drake. ... Galactic is a funk and jazz group from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. ...

Isaac Asimov, who was very familiar with Roman history, seems to have loosely based the character and name of General Bel Riose, "The Last Great General" of the late Galactic Empire in the Foundation Series, on Belisarius. Isaac Asimov (January 2?, 1920?[1] – April 6, 1992), IPA: , originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as Айзек Азимов) was a Russian-born American Jewish author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful and exceptionally prolific writer best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... In Isaac Asimovs Foundation series, the fictional character Bel Riose was the last strong General of the Galactic Empire, Commander of the legendary Twentieth Fleet, who eventually came to be known as the Last of the Imperials, and earned this title well. ... The Emblem of the Galactic Empire. ... Hari Seldons holographic image, pictured on a paperback edition of Foundation, appears at various times in the First Foundations history, to guide it through the social and economic crises that befall it. ...

Herman Melville playfully assigns the moniker "my Belisarius" to the Samoan Islander first encountered aboard the abandoned vessel "Parki," in his 1849 novel Mardi. Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. ... Mardi was Herman Melvilles third book, and his first pure fiction work (while featuring fictional narrators, his previous novels were heavily autobiographical). ...

Jorge Luis Borges also mentioned the legend of Belisario as a blind beggar in some of his poetic works, for example,"A quien ya no es joven," the first verse of which reads: "Ya puedes ver el tragico escenario y cada cosa en lugar debido; la espada y la ceniza para Dido y la moneda para Belisario.".^{[citation needed]} Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 &#8211; June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer who is considered to be one of the foremost writers of the 20th century. ...

Belisarius briefly appears in the three-part Destiny comic book miniseries Destiny: A Chronicle of Deaths Foretold, authored by Alisa Kwitney with art by Kent Williams, Michael Zulli, Scott Hampton, and Rebecca Guay, a spin-off of the popular Neil Gaiman Sandman series. In the story he appears as a jealous husband, imprisoning his wife in their quarters due to rumors of her affairs instead of fighting in Italy. Alisa Kwitney is an American author. ... A cover for Flinch (Vertigo) by Kent Williams Kent Williams is an American painter, illustrator and comic book artist. ... Michael Zulli is an American comics artist best known for his work on The Sandman with writer Neil Gaiman. ... Category: ... Rebecca Guay is an artist specializing in watercolor painting and illustration. ... Neil Richard Gaiman () (born November 10, 1960) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, graphic novels, comics, and films. ... The Sandman is a comic book series written by Neil Gaiman and published in the United States by DC Comics for 75 issues from 1988 until 1996. ...

LucasArts Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb: During his quest to find the tomb of the first emperor of China, Indiana Jones learns that the Nazis have discovered Belisarius' "sunken temple" beneath a mosque in Istanbul. LucasArts is an American video game developer and publisher. ... Indiana Jones and the Emperors Tomb is an action video game developed by The Collective and published by LucasArts in 2003 featuring cover art by Drew Struzan. ... Dr. Henry Indiana Jones, Jr. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ...

Bethesda Softworks Oblivion: Belisarius can be found in the Cloud Ruler Temple in this game as an NPC. Although not central to the game, his presence is clearly a nod to the General, especially since he appears to be wearing a stylised version of stereotypical 'Roman' armor. Bethesda Softworks LLC, a ZeniMax Media Company, is a developer and publisher of computer and video games. ... The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion is a game currently under development by Bethesda Softworks for the PC, Xbox 2, and Playstation 3. ...

Notes

The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ...

References

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

History of the Wars

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

The Secret History

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Belisarius

• R. Boss, R. Chapman, P. Garriock, Justinian's War: Belisarius, Narses and the Reconquest of the West, Montvert Publications, 1993, ISBN 1-874101-01-9.
• Teddy Brunius, The letter of Belisarius, Ekdosis Ellēnikēs Etaireias Aisthētikēs, 1971.
• Glanville Downey, Belisarius,: Young general of Byzantium, Dutton, 1960.
• Percy Stickney Grant, The search of Belisarius;: A Byzantine legend, Brentano's, 1907.
• Edward Gibbon has much to say on Belisarius in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 41 online.
• Lord Mahon Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope, The Life of Belisarius, 1848. Reprinted 2006 (unabridged with editorial comments) Evolution Publishing, ISBN 1-889758-67-1. [2]
• Lord Mahon Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope, The Life of Belisarius, J. Murray, 1829. (1848 Second Edition, published without changes from the original edition.) With a new critical introduction and further reading by Jon Coulston. 2005 Westholme Publishing, ISBN 1-59416-019-8 [3]
• Procopius, Belisarius and Narses, Academic Fellowship, 1964.
• Procopius, The Secret History of the Court of Justinian, online at Gutenberg Project.

Fiction Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Reverend Percy Stickney Grant (1860- ? ) was an American Protestant Episcopalian clergyman. ... Edward Gibbon (1737–1794). ... // The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, a major literary achievement of the 18th century published in six volumes, was written by the celebrated English historian Edward Gibbon. ... Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope (January 30, 1805 - December 24, 1875) English historian, better known as Lord Mahon, son of the 4th earl and his wife, the daughter of the 1st Baron Carrington. ... Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope (January 30, 1805 - December 24, 1875) English historian, better known as Lord Mahon, son of the 4th earl and his wife, the daughter of the 1st Baron Carrington. ... Procopius of Caesarea (in Greek Προκόπιος, c. ...

• Paolo Belzoni, Belisarius: The First Shall be Last, 2006. Arx Publishing, ISBN 1-889758-78-7. [4]
• Robert von Ranke Graves, Count Belisarius: AND "Lawrence of the Arabs", Carcanet Press 2004, ISBN 1-85754-645-8.

Robert von Ranke Graves (July 24, 1895&#8211;December 7, 1985) was an English scholar, best remembered for his work as a poet and novelist. ...

External links

• Military History magazine article

(Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Greek: Ιουστινιανός;) commonly known as Justinian I, or (among Eastern Orthodox Christians) as Saint Justinian the Great; c. ... The List of Roman Consuls from the Death of Commodus // 193 Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco, C. Iulius Erucius Clarus Vibianus; M. Silius Messalla, L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus 194 Imp. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... Events Beginning of the Western Wei Dynasty in China. ... Events Births Belisarius, Byzantine general (+ 565) Deaths Categories: 505 ... Sapareva Banya (Сапарева баня) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. ... Events January 22 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. ...