Students reciting the pledge using the Bellamy salute.
The Bellamy salute is the hand gesture described by Francis Bellamy to accompany his Pledge of Allegiance to the flag of the United States. During the period when it was used with the Pledge of Allegiance, it was sometimes known as the "flag salute." It was first demonstrated on October 12, 1892 according to Bellamy's published instructions for the "National School Celebration of Columbus Day": Image File history File links Student pledging to the flag, 1892. ... Image File history File links Student pledging to the flag, 1892. ... A salute is a gesture or other action used to display respect. ... Francis Bellamy (1855 - 1931), a devout Baptist minister, a graduate of the University of Rochester, and a socialist, composed the original Pledge of Allegiance for the Boston-based Youths Companion in 1892. ... Dorothea Lange photograph of Japanese-American students reciting the Pledge of Allegiance The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States, and to its national flag. ... National flag and ensign. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Columbus Day is a holiday celebrated in many countries in the Americas, commemorating the date of Christopher Columbuss arrival in the New World in 1492. ...
At a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Another signal is given; every pupil gives the flag the military salute -- right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with the forehead and close to it. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, “I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands; one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.” At the words, “to my Flag,” the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation; whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side.
(quoted from The Youth’s Companion, 65 (1892): 446–447.)
The initial military salute was soon replaced with a hand-on-heart gesture, followed by the extension of the arm as described by Bellamy. Because of the similarity of this part of the salute to the Hitler salute, and the later Supreme Court ruling in West Virginia v. Barnette which unfavorably compared compulsory recitation of the pledge to Nazi, the Bellamy salute was replaced in 1942 with the modern gesture of placing the hand over the heart without raising the arm. The Hitler salute (Hitlergruß), also known in German during World War II as the Deutscher Gruß (German Greeting), and in English as the Nazi salute, is a variant of the Roman salute adopted by the Nazi party as a sign of loyalty to its leader Adolf Hitler. ... Holding The First Amendment prohibits public schools from forcing students to salute the American flag and say the Pledge of Allegiance. ... This article is about the year. ...
The Hitler salute (Hitlergruß), also known in German during World War II as the Deutscher Gruß ("German Greeting"), and in English as the Nazi salute, is a salute which is variant of the Roman salute adopted by the Nazi party as a sign of loyalty to its leader Adolf Hitler.
For example, the Bellamysalute, used as part of the United States Pledge of Allegiance in the late 19th century and early 20th century, was a version of the Roman salute with some similarities to the Nazi salute.
In Britain it is common to signify the satirical nature of the salute by simultaneously placing the index finger of the left hand under one's nose as a parody of Hitler's moustache.
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