Beno Gutenberg (June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-born seismologist who made several important contributions to the science. He was a colleague of Charles Francis Richter at the California Institute of Technology and Richter's collaborator in developing the Richter magnitude scale for measuring an earthquake's magnitude. June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ... Charles Francis Richter (April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985), was an American seismologist, born outside of Hamilton, Ohio. ... The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech)[1] is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ... The Richter magnitude test scale (or more correctly local magnitude ML scale) assigns a single number to quantify the size of an earthquake. ... An earthquake is the result from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. ...

Gutenberg was born in Darmstadt, Germany and obtained his Ph.D. from University of Göttingen in 1911. He held positions at German University of Strasbourg and University of Frankfurt-am-Main until he joined Caltech in 1929. Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hessen in Germany. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main (commonly called the University of Frankfurt) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens University, which means that while it was a State university of Prussia, it had been founded and financed by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt am... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Collaborating with Richter, developed a relationship between seismic magnitude and energy, represented in the equation logE(S) = 11.8 + 1.5M. This gives the energy E(s) given from earthquakes from seismic waves in ergs. Another famous result known as Gutenberg-Richter law provides probability distribution of earthquakes for given energy. An erg is the unit of energy and mechanical work in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units, symbol erg. Its name is derived from the Greek word meaning work. The erg is a small unit, equal to a force of one dyne exerted for a distance of one... In seismology, the Gutenberg-Richter law states that the number of earthquakes per year of Richter magnitude M statistically has the form Number of earthquakes of size M per year ~ exp(a - bM) where exp is the exponential function. ... In mathematics and statistics, a probability distribution, more properly called a probability density, assigns to every interval of the real numbers a probability, so that the probability axioms are satisfied. ... An earthquake is the result from the sudden release of stored energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves. ...

He also worked on determining the depth of the core-mantle boundary as well as other properties of the interior of the earth. Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. ...

External links

• Biography at the American Geophysical Union website
• National Academy of Science

proposed earth's core was liquidhi