Benzopyrene
Chemical name	Benzo[a]pyrene
Chemical formula	C20H12
Molecular mass	252.31 g/mol
CAS number	[50-32-8]
Density	1.24 g/cm3
Melting point	179 °C
Boiling point	495 °C
SMILES	C1C=C2C=C/Cc3ccc4cc5ccccc5c1c4c23
Disclaimer and references

Benzopyrene, C₂₀H₁₂, is a five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is mutagenic and highly carcinogenic. It is a crystalline yellow solid. Benzopyrene is a product of incomplete combustion at temperatures between 300 and 600°C. Is found in coal tar, in tobacco smoke, and in charbroiled food. Recent studies have revealed that levels of benzopyrene in burnt toast are significantly higher than once thought. Image File history File links Benzo_a_pyrene. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII alpha-numeric strings. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as PAH, are chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings and that do not contain heteroatoms and that do not carry substituents. ... In biology, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is an agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the number of mutations above the natural background level. ... In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ... Combustion or burning is an exothermic reaction between a substance (the fuel) and a gas (the oxidizer), usually O2, to release heat. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... The degree Celsius (°C or ℃ (Unicode 0x2103)) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke. ... Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. ... To charbroil is a means of cooking by placing meat, fish, or vegetables on a flat, horizontally-lined surface. ... An electric toaster Toast is bread that has been browned by exposure to dry heat. ...

Consequences of Benzopyrene

Researchers at Kansas State University recently discovered a link between vitamin A and emphysema in smokers. Benzopyrene was found to be the link to the deficiency, since it induces induces vitamin A deficiency in rats. Kansas State University (sometimes referred to as K-State) is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas. ... Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ... This word has other meanings: see smoker. ...

Chemical structure of benzo-[a]-pyrene

On October 18, 1996, a study was published that provided the first true molecular evidence conclusively linking components in tobacco smoking to lung cancer. A chemical found in tobacco smoking, benzopyrene, was shown to cause genetic damage in lung cells that is identical to the damage observed in the DNA of most malignant lung tumours. Chemical structure of benzopyrene Selfmade by cacycle File links The following pages link to this file: Benzopyrene Categories: GFDL images ... Chemical structure of benzopyrene Selfmade by cacycle File links The following pages link to this file: Benzopyrene Categories: GFDL images ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ... 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Species N. glauca N. longiflora N. rustica N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005 Tobacco (, L.) refers to a genus of broad-leafed plants of the nightshade family, indigenous to North and South America, or to the dried and cured leaves. ... The incidence of lung cancer is highly correlated with smoking. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ...

A 2001 National Cancer Institute study found levels of benzopyrene to be significantly higher in foods that were cooked well-done on the barbecue, particularly steaks, chicken with skin, and hamburgers. Japanese scientists showed that cooked beef contains mutagens, chemicals that are capable of altering the chemical structure of DNA. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the United States federal governments principal agency for cancer research and training, and the first institute of the present-day National Institutes of Health. ... A member of the Airpork Crew barbecue team prepares pork shoulder at the Memphis in May World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest. ... A steak served with a pat of butter and mushrooms A pair of ribeye steaks being grilled A steak is a slice from a larger piece of meat, usually beef. ... Binomial name Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) A chicken (Gallus gallus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. ... Hamburgers often contain lettuce, onions, and other toppings, as shown here. ... Beef is meat obtained from a bovine. ...

Interaction with DNA

Chemical structure of the carcinogen benzopyrene diol epoxide

Benzopyrene diol epoxide ((+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene) is a product of cytochrome P450 oxidation of benzopyrene. This molecule intercalates in DNA, covalently modifying the guanine nucleobases through the epoxide functionality. This can disrupt the normal process of copying DNA, and may lead to cancer. This mechanism of action is similar to that of aflatoxin. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1313x880, 7 KB) Description: Chemical structure of Benzopyrene diol epoxide. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1313x880, 7 KB) Description: Chemical structure of Benzopyrene diol epoxide. ... Chemical structure of benzo-[a]-pyrene Benzopyrene is a five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is mutagenic and highly carcinogenic. ... Cytochrome P450 Oxidase (CYP2E1) Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes (EC 1. ... Intercalation is the insertioffn of an extra day, week or month into some calendar years to make the calendar follow the seasons. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in nucleic acids (, DNA and RNA). ... Nucleobases are the parts of RNA and DNA that are involved in pairing up (see also base pairs). ... It has been suggested that Epoxides be merged into this article or section. ... When normal cells are damaged or old they undergo apoptosis; cancer cells, however, avoid apoptosis. ... Chemical structure of Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus; but most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. ...

References

• "Benzopyrene and Vitamin A deficiency". Researcher links cigarettes, vitamin A and emphysema. URL accessed on March 5, 2005.
• "Benzopyrene in Barbeque". Newhouse A1. URL accessed on March 5, 2005.
• "Lung cancer as consecuence by Benzopyrene in smokers". Lung Cancer. URL accessed on March 5, 2005.
• "Levels of Benzopyrene in Burnt toasts". Guardian Unlimited. URL accessed on March 5, 2005.
• "DNA interaction with Benzopyrene". DNA. URL accessed on March 5, 2005.

March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Smoke is a suspension in air of small particles resulting from incomplete combustion of a fuel. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Benzene
• Pyrene, a four-ring analog.