Berenice Abbott [1] (July 17, 1898 – December 9, 1991) was an American photographer best known for her black-and-white photography of the streetlife and architecture of New York City during the 1930s. July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of notable photographers in the art, documentary and fashion traditions. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Early Life and Photography

She was born in Springfield, Ohio and was raised in part by Hippolyte Havel, beginning in 1910. Abbott began taking photographs in 1923. From 1923 to 1925, she was an assistant of Man Ray in Paris, where she made a series of portraits of well-known artistic and literary figures of the 1920s. Springfield is the county seat of Clark County in the State of Ohio. ... Hippolyte Havel (1871 - 1950) was a Czech anarchist who lived in Greenwich Village, New York, which he declared was a spiritual zone of mind. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... For other things called Man Ray, see Man Ray (disambiguation) Man Ray photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934 Man Ray (August 27, 1890–November 18, 1976) was an American Dada and Surrealist artist. ... The Eiffel Tower, the tallest structure in Paris, is an international symbol of the city. ... The 1920s were a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ...

In 1925, she discovered the photography of Eugène Atget and helped him gain international recognition for his work. Abbott's photography became acknowledged much later in her career due her role in promoting Atget's work, which obscured the significance of her own. 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Eugène Atget (1857‑1927) was a French photographer noted for his naturalistic photographs of and in the city of Paris. ...

She began documenting New York City in 1929 and published some of her work made in 1939 in her book entitled Changing New York, which was supported by the Federal Arts Program. Her work has provided a historical chronicle of many now-destroyed buildings and neighborhoods of Manhattan. Using a large format camera, Abbott photographed New York City with the same attention to detail and diligence as she learned from the career of Eugène Atget. 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Changing New York was a collection of photographs by Berenice Abbott that was published in 1939. ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ... Large format describes photographic films, view cameras (including pinhole cameras) and processes that use a film or digital sensor the size of 6 x 9 cm or larger. ...

Abbott was part of the straight photography movement, which stressed the importance of photographs being unmanipulated in both subject matter and developing processes. She was also against pictorialists such as Alfred Stieglitz, who had gained much popularity during a substantial span of her own career and therefore, left her work without support from this particular sect of photographers. Straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene as realistically and objectively as permitted by the medium, forsaking the use of manipulation both pre-exposure (e. ... Pictorialism was a photographic movement of the early 20th century which subscribed to the idea that art photography needs to emulate the painting and etching of the time. ... Alfred Stieglitz, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1935 Alfred Stieglitz (January 1, 1864 – July 13, 1946) was an American-born photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an acceptable art form alongside painting and sculpture. ...

Nonetheless, her style of straight photography aided her making important contributions to scientific photography. In 1958, she produced a series of photographs for a high-school physics text-book. 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Superconductor demonstrating the Meissner Effect. ...

Not only was Abbott a photographer, but she also started the House of Photography in 1947 to promote and sell some of her inventions. These inventions included a distortion easle, which created unusual effects on images developed in a darkroom, and the telescopic lighting pole, known today as by many studio photographers as an "autopole," in which lights can be attached at any level. Due to poor marketing, the House of Photography quickly lost money and with the deaths of two designers, the company went under. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

After an extensive trip documenting the scenes of Route 1 from Maine to Florida and back resulting in over 2,500 negatives, Abbott underwent a lung operation. She was told that due to the city pollution, it would be in her best interest to move away from New York City. She bought a rundown home in Maine for only $1,000 where she remained until her death in 1991. Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 39th 86,542 km² 305 km 515 km 13. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 22nd 170 451 km² 260 km 800 km 17. ... In photography, a negative is a rectangle of material (nowadays usually photographic film) coated with chemicals that, upon photographic exposure, cause the material to record the colors or monochromatic shades of the scene in inverse, negative form. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... Water pollution Environmental pollution is the release of environmental contaminants, . Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ,and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles are common air pollutants. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Personal Life

Abbott was lesbian. Among her notable lovers of the time were sculptress Thelma Ellen Wood, poet Edna St. Vincent Millay, and writer Djuna Barnes. She and Wood remained lifelong friends even after their relationship ended. [2] Her longest relationship was with essayist Elizabeth McCausland, who was with her for the last years of her life. [3] A lesbian is a homosexual woman who is aesthetically, sexually and romantically attracted to other women. ... Edna St. ... Djuna Barnes (June 12, 1892 - June 18, 1982) played an important part in the development of 20th century English language modernist writing by women and was one of the key figures in 1920s and 30s bohemian Paris. ...

Notable Photographs

• Under the El at the Battery, New York, 1936.
• Nightview, New York, 1932.
• James Joyce, 1928.

Books by Berenice Abbott

• Changing New York, 1939.
• Greenwich Village Today and Yesterday, 1948.
• A Portrait of Maine.
• Berenice Abbott: Photographs, 1970.

External links

• New York Public Library Berenice Abbott: Changing New York
• Biography on glbtq.com