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The Bergius Process is a method of getting liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel from lignite (brown coal) by hydrogenation. It was first discovered by Friedrich Bergius in 1921. In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a cleaning solution consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... Synthetic fuel or synfuel is any liquid fuel obtained from coal or from natural gas. ... Coal Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by mining. ... Hydrogenation is a class of chemical reactions which result an addition of hydrogen (H2) usually to unsaturated organic compounds. ... Friedrich Bergius (October 11, 1884 - March 30, 1949) was born near Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw in Poland). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...
The Process
Grind lignite coal to the fineness of dust. Mix dust in heavy oil (from process) - The composition of the mixture depends on the oil used and is calculated from the reaction
Add a little tin or nickel oleate catalyst. The coal dust/oil mixture is pumped into a converter.
First reaction occurs when the mixture is at 400°-450.C and 200-250 atm pressure hydrogen feed in reactor. This reaction produces heavy oils, middle oils and gasoline. Petrol is produced about 60%.
Middle oil is reacted with H2to form gasoline
Light oils are produced in the gas phase with vanadium catalyst hydrogenation in a second reactor at same pressure and temperature as the first reactor. This produces mainly gasoline level hydrocarbons of high octane rating.
Coal Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by mining. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ... General Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 4, d Appearance silver-grey metal Standard atomic weight 50. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...
// The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. ... The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal. ... Karrick Process, from U.S. Patent #1,958,918. ...
As the demand grew for gasoline to power not only cars but also internal combustion engines of all kinds, chemical engineers honing their refining techniques discovered a host of useful byproducts of crude—and the petrochemical industry was born.
The process plays a critical role in helping to meet the increasing demand for gasoline as automobiles come into widespread use and later for easing gasoline shortages during World War II.
Three of the most promising new materials—synthesized from the hydrocarbon ethylene—are polystyrene, a brittle plastic known also as styrofoam; polyvinyl chloride, used in plumbing fixtures and weather-resistant home siding; and polyethylene, which is flexible inexpensive, and widely used in packaging.
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