Games of the XI Olympiad
Host city	Berlin, Germany
Nations participating	49
Athletes participating	3,963 (3,632 men, 331 women)
Events	129 in 19 sports
Opening ceremony	August 1, 1936
Closing ceremony	August 16, 1936
Officially opened by	Adolf Hitler
Athlete's Oath	Rudolf Ismayr
Olympic Torch	Fritz Schilgen
Stadium	Olympiastadion

The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin's bid was preferred over Barcelona by the IOC in April, 1931. Although awarded before the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, the government saw the Olympics as a golden opportunity to promote their Nazi ideology. Film-maker Leni Riefenstahl, a favorite of Hitler, was commissioned by the International Olympic Committee to film the Games. The film, titled Olympia, originated many of the techniques now commonplace to the filming of sports. The Berlin Olympics also saw the introduction to the ceremonies of the Olympic Torch bringing the Olympic Flame by relay from Olympia. Germany's domination of the games was the rule, although there were exceptions to their domination in the likes of persons such as Jesse Owens, who won four gold medals. Image File history File links Berlin_1936. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen federal states of Germany. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Hitler redirects here. ... The Olympic Oath is taken by an athlete and a judge at the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games. ... The Olympic Flame at the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics The Olympic Flame, Olympic Fire, Olympic Torch, Olympic Light, Olympic Eye, and Olympic Sun is a symbol of the Olympic Games. ... The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece sports arena of the Summer Olympic Games. ... The Olympiastadion (Olympic Stadium) is a sports stadium in Berlin. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen federal states of Germany. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Postal code 08001-08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... The Nazi swastika symbol The National Socialist German Workers Party ( German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Riefenstahl, 1931 Helene Bertha Amalie Leni Riefenstahl (August 22, 1902 – September 8, 2003) was a German dancer, actor, and film director widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. ... Bold textralf is gay IOC redirects here. ... Olympia is a 1938 film by Leni Riefenstahl documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics. ... The Olympic Flame at the Athens 2004 Summer Olympics The Olympic Flame, Olympic Fire, Olympic Torch, Olympic Light, Olympic Eye, and Olympic Sun is a symbol of the Olympic Games. ... Olympia (Greek: Ολυμπία Olympía or Ολύμπια Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a city of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. ... James Cleveland Jesse Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was a popular American athlete and civic leader. ...

Anti-fascists planned to host a "People's Olympiad" in Barcelona at the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc (now Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys) as an alternative games to protest the Berlin Olympics but this was cancelled due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. In 1992 Barcelona hosted the games in the same Olympic Stadium. Anti-Fascism is a belief and practice of opposing all forms of Fascism. ... The Peoples Olympiad or Peoples Olympics (Spanish: Olimpiada Popular) was planned for Barcelona, Spain as a protest event against the 1936 Summer Olympics planned for Berlin during the period of Nazi rule. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Postal code 08001-08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... The Estadi Olimpic Lluis Companys (also known as the Estadi Olimpic de Montjuic) is a stadium in Barcelona. ... Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece sports arena of the Summer Olympic Games. ...

Highlights

Olympic fire
photo Josef Jindřich Šechtl

Olympic Stadium
photo Josef Jindřich Šechtl

photo Josef Jindřich Šechtl

• An often repeated lie-turned-myth by the media regarding Hitler and Jesse Owens was that Hitler "snubbed" Owens and his achievements. Owens has said, "When I passed Hitler he arose, waved his hand at me, and I waved back at him. I think the writers showed bad taste in criticizing the man of the hour in Germany." He went on further and stated that Roosevelt was the one that actually "snubbed" him, not Hitler. [1]
• Before the Games, the IOC expelled American Ernest Lee Jahnke, the son of a German immigrant, for encouraging athletes to boycott the games. He was replaced by United States Olympic Committee president Avery Brundage, who supported the Games.
• In the cycling match sprint finals, the German Toni Merkens fouled Arie van Vliet of the Netherlands. Instead of disqualification he was fined 100 marks and kept his gold.
• Black American Jesse Owens won four gold medals in the sprint and long jump events. His German competitor Lutz Long had offered Owens advice after he almost failed qualifying in the long jump and was posthumously awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship.
• Rie Mastenbroek of the Netherlands won three gold medals and a silver in swimming.
• Rower Jack Beresford won his fifth Olympic medal in the sport, and his third gold medal.
• The U.S. eight-man rowing team from the University of Washington won the gold medal by coming from behind to defeat the Germans and Italians with Adolf Hitler in attendance.
• The Olympic Flame was used for the second time at these games, but they marked the first time it was brought to the Olympic Town by a torch relay, with the starting point in Olympia, Greece.
• The games were the first to have live television coverage. The German Post Office, using equipment from Telefunken and Fernseh, broadcast over seventy hours of coverage to special viewing rooms throughout Berlin and Potsdam. The broadcasts were used as a plot element in Contact, a science fiction novel by Carl Sagan, later adapted as a movie.
• Basketball and handball made their debut at the Olympics, both as outdoor sports. Handball would not appear again on the program until 1972.
• German gymnasts Konrad Frey and Alfred Schwarzmann both won three gold medals.
• In the marathon two Korean athletes won medals — Sohn Kee-chung (gold) and Nam Sung-yong (bronze) — running for Japan and under Japanese names. Japan had annexed Korea in 1910.
• In the quarter-finals of the football tournament, Peru beat Austria 4-2 in extra-time, but a rematch was ordered, arguing that the field was too small for competition and that the Peruvian fans had stormed the field after the fourth goal. The Peruvian government ordered the olympic team to withdraw in protest, seeing this as an insult, while Austria went on to receive the silver medal.
• The Republic of China's Three Principles of the People was chosen the best national anthem of the games.
• The host country had a stellar year in the equestrian events, winning individual and team gold in all three disciplines, as well as individual silver in dressage. It didn't hurt that in show jumping, the course included a trap at one gate only German athletes knew about.
• Basketball was added to the Olympic program. In the final, the United States beat Canada 19-8. The contest was played outdoors on a dirt court in driving rain. Due to the quagmire, the teams could not dribble and the score was held to a minimum. High scorer in the game was Joe Fortenbury for the U.S. with 7 points. There were no seats for spectators and the nearly 1000 in attendance had to stand in the rain.
• German communist Werner Seelenbinder had planned to win the wrestling event and make a vulgar gesture at Hitler, but instead came in fourth.
• Despite being from non-fascist countries, the Canadian and the French Olympic Team saluted Hitler (in a gesture of friendship) during opening ceremonies. The Canadian team later revealed that it was in fact performing the traditional Olympic salute, as a means to "take it back" from Hitler.
• Estonia's Kristjan Palusalu wins two gold medals in Men's Wrestling, marking the last time Estonia competes as an independent nation in the Olympics until 1992.
• Italy's football team continued their dominance of the sport, winning the gold medal in these Olympics between their two consecutive World Cup victories (1934 and 1938). Much like with the successes of German athletes, this triumph was claimed by supporters of Benito Mussolini's regime as a vindication of the superiority of the fascist system.

Image File history File links Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936. ... Image File history File links Olympic_Fire_in_Berlin_1936. ... Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl and his wife 1911 Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl (1877 Tábor – 1954 Tábor) was Czech photographer specializing in photojournalism and portrait photography. ... Image File history File links Berlin36-2. ... Image File history File links Berlin36-2. ... Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl and his wife 1911 Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl (1877 Tábor – 1954 Tábor) was Czech photographer specializing in photojournalism and portrait photography. ... Image File history File links Olympics_in_Berlin_1936. ... Image File history File links Olympics_in_Berlin_1936. ... Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl and his wife 1911 Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl (1877 Tábor – 1954 Tábor) was Czech photographer specializing in photojournalism and portrait photography. ... Bold textralf is gay IOC redirects here. ... For USOC in telephony, see Universal Service Ordering Code. ... Avery Brundage (September 28, 1887 – May 8, 1975) was an American athlete, sports official, art collector and philanthropist. ... James Cleveland Jesse Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was a popular American athlete and civic leader. ... Long jumper at the GE Money Grand Prix in Helsinki, July 2005. ... Carl Ludwig Lutz Long (aka Luz Long) (April 27, 1913 – July 13, 1943) was a German Olympic athlete, most notable for giving advice to his competitor, Jesse Owens. ... The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the De Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is a special medal given by the International Olympic Committee to those athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in Olympics events. ... Hendrika Wilhelmina Rie Mastenbroek (February 26, 1919 - November 6, 2003) was a Dutch swimmer and a triple Olympic champion. ... This article concentrates on human swimming. ... A coxless pair which is a sweep-oar boat. ... Jack Beresford, (1899-December 3, 1977) one of the most accomplished rowers of his generation, he won medals at 5 straight Olympics, which was an Olympic record in rowing (since tied by Steven Redgrave). ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Olympia (Greek: Ολυμπία Olympía or Ολύμπια Olýmpia, older transliterations, Olimpia, Olimbia), a city of ancient Greece in Elis, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times, comparable in importance to the Pythian Games held in Delphi. ... Contact is a science fiction novel written by Carl Sagan and published in 1985. ... Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrobiologist, and highly successful science popularizer. ... Contact is a 1997 science fiction film adapted from the novel by Carl Sagan. ... Sara Giauro shoots a three-point shot, FIBA Europe Cup for Women Finals 2005. ... Handball player leaps towards the goal prior to throwing the ball, while the goalkeeper extends himself trying to stop it. ... Modern day marathon runners The word marathon refers to a long-distance road running event of 42. ... Sohn Kee-chung (August 29, 1912 – November 15, 2002) became the first medal-winning Korean Olympian when he won the gold medal in the Marathon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics as a member of the Japanese delegation, under the name of Son Kitei, which is the Japanese pronunciation of the... Nam Sung-yong (November 23, 1912 - February 20, 2001), was the bronze winner of the Marathon of the 1936 Summer Olympics, completing the run in 2 hours, 31 minutes, and 42 seconds. ... Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Vice President Annette Lu Premier Su Tseng-chang Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ... National Anthem of the Republic of China (中華民國國歌, pinyin: zhōnghúa míngúo gúogē), is the current national anthem of the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... The Equestrian Events at the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics included Dressage, Eventing, and Show Jumping. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Werner Seelenbinder (born August 2, 1904 in Stettin, Germany, died October 24, 1944) was a German communist and wrestler. ... Adolf Hitler being saluted with the Nazi salute. ... Kristjan Palusalu (until 1935 Kristjan Trossmann, March 10, 1908-July 17, 1987) Estonian heavyweight wrestler born in Läänemaa, Estonia. ... Wrestling is a physical combat sport in which two opponents attempt to control the other without the use of striking while winning points for various accomplishments (including, depending upon the style, takedowns, reversals, escapes and near-falls). ... First international Italy 6 - 2 France (Milan, Italy; 15 May 1910) Largest win Italy 9 - 0 USA (Brentford, England; 2 August 1948) Worst defeat Hungary 7 - 1 Italy (Budapest, Hungary; 6 April 1924) World Cup Appearances 16 (First in 1934) Best result Winners, 1934, 1938, 1982, 2006 European Championship Appearances... The FIFA World Cup Trophy, which has been awarded to the world champions since 1974. ... Qualifying countries The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the second World Cup staged, and was hosted in Italy from May 27 to June 10. ... Qualifying countries The 1938 FIFA World Cup was the third staging of the World Cup, and was held in France from June 4 to June 19. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the Prime-Minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ...

Events

At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, 29 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 6 for women. ... Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport as an official medal event. ... Final results for the Boxing competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics // Medals Results Flyweight (-50. ... The cycling competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events, all for men only. ... The Equestrian Events at the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics included Dressage, Eventing, and Show Jumping. ... At the 1936 Summer Olympics, seven fencing events were contested. ... The 1936 Olympic football competition, won by Italy, has, obviously, come to share an affinity with the political backdrop against which it was being played; in terms of the history of football, however, the tournament suffered as a reaction to the development of the FIFA World Cup. ... Handball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport at the Olympics. ... Final results for the Hockey competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics: Only a mens competition occurred that year. ... Shooting at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin saw the reintroduction of 50 m Pistol (then called Free Pistol) but still only had three events. ... At the 1936 Summer Olympics, 11 swimming events were contested. ... At the 1936 Summer Olympics, 14 wrestling events were contested, for all men. ...

Demonstration sports

• Baseball
• Gliding

A demonstration sport is a sport which is played in order to promote itself, most commonly during the Olympic Games, but also on other sporting events. ... Baseball was again a demonstration sport at the 1936 Summer Olympics after a 24 year absence. ...

Participating nations

participants

A total of 49 nations attended the Berlin Olympics, up from 37 in 1932. Six nations made their first official Olympic appearance at these Games: Afghanistan, Bermuda, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Liechtenstein, and Peru. The 1932 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the X Olympiad, were held in 1932 in Los Angeles, California, United States. ...

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Medal count

Main article: 1936 Summer Olympics medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games. This is the full table of the medal count of the 1936 Summer Olympics. ...

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Germany (host nation)	33	26	30	89
2	United States	24	20	12	56
3	Hungary	10	1	5	16
4	Italy	8	9	5	22
5	Finland	7	6	6	19
	France	7	6	6	19
7	Sweden	6	5	9	20
8	Japan	6	4	8	18
9	Netherlands	6	4	7	17
10	Great Britain	4	7	3	14

Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... Image File history File links US_flag_48_stars. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland_(bordered). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan_(bordered). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ...

Quotes

"The sportive, knightly battle awakens the best human characteristics. It doesn't separate, but unites the combatants in understanding and respect. It also helps to connect the countries in the spirit of peace. That's why the Olympic Flame should never die."
(Adolf Hitler, commenting on the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games) Hitler redirects here. ...

See also

• IOC country codes
• People's Olympiad organized by the Spanish Popular Front

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) allocates three-letter country codes to all National Olympic Committees and other groups competing in the Olympic Games. ... The Peoples Olympiad or Peoples Olympics (Spanish: Olimpiada Popular) was planned for Barcelona, Spain as a protest event against the 1936 Summer Olympics planned for Berlin during the period of Nazi rule. ... The Frente Popular (Spanish Popular Front) was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that years election. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

1936 Summer Olympics

• IOC Site on 1936 Summer Olympics
• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum special topics: 1936 Berlin Olympics

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Bibliography

• Berlin Games – How Hitler Stole the Olympic Dream, by Guy Walters ISBN 0-7195-6783-1 (UK) 0060874120 (USA)
• All that glitters is {}not gold, by William O. Johnson, jr. ISBN 0-399-11008-9 (USA)
• Hitler's Olympics: The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, by Christopher Hilton
• The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936 United States Holocaust Museum, by Susan D. Bachrach
• The Nazi Olympics (Sport and Society), by Richard D. Mandell
• Olympische Spiele Berlin / Olympic Games 1936: Erinnergunsalbum / Album-Souvenir unter dem Patronat des schweizerischen Olympischen Komitees, by Julius, ed., publ. Wagner
• The Nazi Olympics: Sport, Politics, and Appeasement in the 1930s by Arnd Kruger and W. J. Murray
• The Berlin Olympics (World Focus Books), by James P. Barry

The 2004 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, were held in Athens, Greece, over a period of 17 days from August 13 to August 29, 2004. ... Neve and Gliz, the 2006 Olympics mascots, on display in Turin The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were celebrated in Turin, Italy from February 10, 2006, through February 26, 2006. ... The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, will be held in Beijing, China from August 8, 2008 through August 24, 2008, with the opening ceremony to take place at 8 p. ... The 2010 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games, are the next Winter Olympics, scheduled to be celebrated in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 2010. ... The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, will be held in London, United Kingdom from 26 July to 12 August 2012. ...