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Winston Bernard Coard (born August 10, 1944) was a Grenadian politician who was part of the coup d'état that overthrew Maurice Bishop's government in 1983. Image File history File links Acap. ... Bernard Coard, cropped version of a US State Department photo, This work is copyrighted. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Politics is defined as a group of people who are influenced to change laws and other such things to make the world a better place the process by which groups of people make decisions. ... // A coup dÉtat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, often through illegal means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ... Maurice Bishop Maurice Rupert Bishop (May 29, 1944 – October 19, 1983) was a Grenadian revolutionary leader. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

He was deposed by the United States Military in the Operation Urgent Fury. The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The Invasion of Grenada, known to US forces as Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the island nation of Grenada by the military forces of the United States of America and several Caribbean nations. ...

Education

After being taught by Paul Scoon at the Grenada Boys' Secondary School, Coard moved to the United States, where he studied sociology and economics at Brandeis University, where he joined the Communist Party USA. In 1967 he moved to the United Kingdom, where he worked for two years as a teacher in London. Sir Paul Scoon (b. ... Grenada Boys Secondary School is an important Grammar School in Grenada. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Brandeis University is a private university in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. ... The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist political party in the United States. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Early relationship with Maurice Bishop

Born in Victoria, Coard first met Bishop when they were studying together at the Grenada Boy's Secondary School. Interested in the left wing politics which he shared with Bishop from an early age, the two became friends, and in 1962, they joined together to found the Grenada Assembly of Youth After Truth. Twice per month Bishop and Coard would lead political debates in St. George's Central Market Place. He also ran several youth organisations in South London. In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Debate (North American English) or debating (British English) is a formal method of interactive and position representational argument. ... St. ... A Youth organization is a formal organization aimed at children and adolescents for education and socialization. ... South London area South London (known colloquially as South of the River) is the area of London south of the River Thames. ...

At the University of Sussex he studied political economy. During his time as a student at Sussex, he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain. After completing his doctorate, he moved back to the Caribbean, working as a lecturer at the Jamaican campus of the University of the West Indies. During his stay in Jamaica, he joined the Worker's Liberation League. Coard even helped draft the manifesto of the League. He also worked as a visiting lecturer at the Institute of International Relations from 1972 to 1974. The University of Sussex (also known colloquially as Sussex Uni) is an English campus university which is situated next to the East Sussex village of Falmer, and is four miles from Brighton. ... Political economy was the original term for the study of production, the acts of buying and selling, and their relationships to laws, customs and government. ... Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was the largest communist party in the United Kingdom. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... A lecture on linear algebra at the Helsinki University of Technology A lecture is an oral presentation intended to teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. ... The University of the West Indies, also known as UWI, is an autonomous regional institution supported by and serving 16 countries and territories in the Caribbean - Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. ... Look up manifesto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Coard published How the West Indian Child is Made Educationally Subnormal in the British School System in 1971. 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ...

In 1976 Coard returned to Grenada, soon becoming active in Grenadian politics. Soon after returning home, he joined the New Jewel Movement, his childhood friend's left wing organisation. He was to run for the seat of St. George's in the upcoming elections. Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ... The New Jewel Movement was a populist, Marxist-Leninist political movement in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada. ... An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ...

Eric Gairy

The 1976 elections in Grenada were highly suspect, and accusations that the leader of the Grenada United Labour Party, Eric Gairy, had ensured that all election officials were GULP party members, and that the ballots had been tampered with. Though Coard won the seat he was running for, the NJM did not win the elections overall, and Maurice Bishop became the head of the opposition. An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ... The Grenada United Labor Party is a right-wing political party in Grenada, founded by former prime minister Sir Eric Gairy. ... Sir Eric Matthew Gairy (February 18, 1920 - August 23, 1997) was a Grenadian politician. ... For the town in France, see Ballots, Mayenne. ...

When Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet sent officers to train the Grenadian police and army on how to deal with civil unrest at Gairy's request, there was public outcry against the GULP leader. Captain General Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte[1] (November 25, 1915–December 10, 2006) was a general who was military dictator and President of Chile from 1973 to 1990. ... Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance. ...

In response to this, Bernard Coard and Maurice Bishop began to develop links with Fidel Castro's government in Cuba. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...

Aside from his support from Pinochet, Eric Gairy's mental state began to raise concerns amongst the Grenadian population. During a speech to the United Nations in October 1977, Gairy urged the UN to establish an Agency for Psychic Research into Unidentified Flying Objects and the Bermuda Triangle. He also asked that 1978 be made the Year of the UFO. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... An unidentified flying object, or UFO, is any real or apparent flying object which cannot be identified by the observer and which remains unidentified after investigation. ...

Taking power

Rumours began to spread that Gairy was going to use his Mongoose Gang to kill off the New Jewel Movement's leaders, including Coard, during an overseas trip by Gairy. Deciding to take action before this could happen, the NJM took over Grenada's radio station on March 13, 1979. Before long, they had control of the entire island. A radio station is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves (a form of electromagnetic radiation) from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...

Influenced by Marxists such as Daniel Ortega and Fidel Castro, Bishop's NJM began to set up Worker's Councils across Grenada. Aid from the Soviet Union and Cuba allowed the NJM to build an international airport with a 10,000 foot runway in St. George's. In 1980, Coard was the head of a delegation to Moscow to formalise relations with the Soviet Union. Marxism takes its name from the praxis (the synthesis of philosophy and political action) of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ... José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (born 11 November 1945) is the current President of Nicaragua. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... A soviet (Russian: , IPA: , council[1]) originally was a workers local council in late Imperial Russia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ...

He also chaired the Organising Committee that decided on everyday matters for the NJM.

The coup d'état

Bernard Coard was acting as Bishop's Minister of Finance, Trade and Industry, as well as the Deputy Prime Minister. In an attempt to keep up a good relationship with the US, Bishop allowed private enterprise to continue in Grenada, alienating more orthodox Marxists like Coard. Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses, and organizations raise, allocate, and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Capitalism generally refers to a combination of economic practices that became institutionalized in Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries, especially involving the right of individuals and groups of individuals acting as legal persons (or corporations) to buy and sell capital goods such as land, labor, and money (see finance...

Among other things, Coard also disagreed with Bishop's ideas on grassroots democracy. A grassroots political movement is one driven by the constituents of a community. ...

Deciding that action needed to be taken to remove Maurice Bishop from power, Coard enlisted the support of General Hudson Austin and thus the army, and on October 19, 1983, overthrew the government. Coard's critics, some of whom were alleged by Coard's supporters to be working with the American Central Intelligence Agency, claimed that Coard had Bishop and seven of Bishop's supporters rounded up and shot in the basketball court at Fort Rupert. Hudson Austin (born April 26, 1938) was a Grenadian military leader. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. ...

Austin proclaimed himself head of the "Revolutionary Military Council" and became the nation's new head of government. Governor General Sir Paul Scoon was detained. The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... A Governor-General (in Canada always, and frequently in India prior to the abolition of the last monarchy, Governor General) is most generally a governor of high rank, or a principal governor ranking above ordinary governors [1]. The most common contemporary usage of the term is to refer to the... Sir Paul Scoon (b. ...

The United States took advantage of the post-coup chaos to launch Operation Urgent Fury on October 25, an invasion to depose Coard, a Stalinist who proved loyal to the Soviet Union. The Invasion of Grenada, known to US forces as Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the island nation of Grenada by the military forces of the United States of America and several Caribbean nations. ...

Just after Marines landed in Grenada, Coard, along with his wife Phyllis, Selwyn Strachan, John Ventour, Liam James and Keith Roberts were arrested. United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ...

Deposed

They were tried in August 1986, and Bernard Coard was sentenced to death, but this was commuted to life imprisonment in 1991. He is serving his sentence in Richmond Hill Prison, where he has maintained his lifelong passion for teaching, instructing fellow inmates in many subjects, including economics. In September 2004, the prison in which he was held was damaged by Hurricane Ivan and many inmates took the opportunity to flee, but Coard chose not to escape. February 7th, 2007, the London based Privy Council ordered a re-sentencing of Bernard Coard and the people convicted for the 1983 killing of former Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and some of his cabinet colleagues. The hearing began June 18th 2007 and the judge is going to hand down a sentence on the 20th of June 2007. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ... Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime, nominally for the entire remaining life of the prisoner, but in fact for a period which varies between jurisdictions: many countries have a maximum possible period of time (usually seven years) a prisoner may be incarcerated, or require the... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... September 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: September 2004 in sports Events Deaths in September • 27 Tsai Wan-lin • 24 Françoise Sagan • 20 Brian Clough • 18 Russ Meyer • 15 Johnny Ramone • 12 Fred Ebb • 11 Peter VII of Alexandria • 8... Lowest pressure 910 mbar (hPa) Damage $19. ...

Bernard Coard has three children, Sola Coard (born 1971), Abiola Coard (born 1972) and Neto Coard (born 1979).

See also

• Invasion of Grenada

Combatants United States Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Dominica Jamaica Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Cuba Strength 7,300 Grenada: 1,500 regulars Cuba: 600 (mostly engineers)[1] Casualties 19 killed; 116 wounded[2] Grenada: 45 military and at least 24 civilian deaths; 358 wounded. ...

External links

• The Grenada Revolution Online