Since Bernard was a thoughtful and theoretically sophisticated scientist who was trying to lay the foundations of scientific physiology using intuitions based on the best science of his day (more so, we think, than many current scientific defenders of animal experimentation), the reliance on Bernard seems reasonable.
Bernard was sensitive to the distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification.
Bernard's particular understanding of hypothetico-deductivism, coupled with his rejection of all statistical laws, led him to assume that clinical medicine (including epidemiological studies) could never be a genuine science.
Darwin woke up early for the first day of bird hunting season and while he was out he received word that his uncle Josiah wanted the two of them to return to Shrewsbury at once.
Darwin was intrigued by the fl lava rocky shore, and raw hostile environment of the island.
Darwin was experiencing heart problems which may have been caused by the stress brought on by his heretical transmutation research.
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