Bernard B. Fall

Bernard B. Fall (November 19, 1926-February 21, 1967) was a prominent war correspondent and expert on Indochina during the 1950s and 1960s. Image File history File links Bernard B. Fall This work is copyrighted. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone. ... Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the the baby boom from returning GIs who... The 1960s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ...

Born in Vienna, Austria, Fall was taken by his parents, Leon Fall and Anna Seligman, to live in France when Austria was united with Nazi Germany in 1938. After France fell to Germany in 1940, Leon Fall aided the French Resistance. Leon Fall was eventually arrested and executed by the Germans, while Seligman was deported to Germany, never to be heard from again. Fall followed in his father’s footsteps in 1942 and joined the French Resistance, after which time he fought the Germans in the Alps. As France was being liberated in 1944, Fall joined the French Army, which he served in until 1946. For his service, he was awarded the French Liberation Medal. Following World War II, Fall worked as an analyst for the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, in which capacity he investigated Krupp Industries. From 1948 to 1949, Fall studied at the University of Paris. From 1949 to 1950, he attended the University of Munich. Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya; Serbian: Beč) is the capital of Austria, and also one of Austrias nine states (Land Wien). ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements that fought military occupation of France by Nazi Germany and the Vichy France undemocratic regime during World War II after the government and the high command of France surrendered in 1940. ... This article is about the year. ... The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... French soldiers of the IFOR in Mostar, 1995. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The French Liberation Medal is a decoration of the French Republic which is issued to any veteran of the Second World War who participated in the European campaigns to liberate France from German occupation between 1944 and 1945. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb. ... The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of trials of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. ... The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their steel production and for their manufacture of ammunition and armaments. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is one of the largest universities in Germany. ...

After completing his studies in Europe, Fall traveled to the United States in 1950 on a Fulbright Scholarship, where he studied at the University of Maryland for a time. In 1951, Fall attended Syracuse University, where he received a masters degree in political science in 1952. Fall then took classes at The Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies, where he was encouraged to study Indochina. Fall took the idea to heart. Not content to study Indochina from afar, Fall traveled to Vietnam in 1953, where the First Indochina War was being waged between French colonial forces and the Viet Minh. While in Vietnam, Fall, due to his French citizenship, was allowed to accompany French soldiers and pilots into enemy territory. Based on his observations, Fall predicted the French would eventually fail in Vietnam. When the French were defeated in the critical Battle of Dien Bien Phu, Fall claimed the United States was partly responsible for France’s loss. Fall believed that the United States did not support France to a sufficient extent during the First Indochina War. In 1954, Fall returned to the United States and married Dorothy Winer. In 1955, he earned a doctorate from Syracuse University and became an assistant professor at American University. In 1956, he taught international relations courses at Howard University. Fall became a full professor at Howard University in 1962 and taught there intermittently until his death. A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... The Fulbright Program is program of educational grants (Fulbright Fellowships) sponsored by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the United States Department of State. ... The University of Maryland, College Park (also known as UM, UMD, or UMCP) is a public university located in College Park, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C., USA. As the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland, the university is most often referred to as the University of Maryland... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Syracuse University Syracuse University (SU) is a private American research university. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... Political science is a social science discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ... 1952 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), based in Washington D.C., is one of the worlds leading graduate schools devoted to the study of international affairs, economics, diplomacy, and policy research and education. ... Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a large peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The First Indochina War (also called the French Indochina War) was fought in Southeast Asia from 1946 through 1954 between the nation of France and the Vietnameseresistance movement led by Ho Chi Minh, called the Viet Minh. ... The Viet Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam ộc Lập ồng Minh Hội, League for the Independence of Vietnam) was formed by Ho Ngoc Lam and Nguyen Hai Than in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ) was the final battle in the First Indochina War between France and the Viet Minh. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... See also the American University in Cairo and American University of Beirut American University is a fully accredited and internationally known private coeducational university located at Ward Circle, straddling the Spring Valley and American University Park areas of Northwest Washington, DC. It currently has roughly 5,000 undergraduate students, and... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... International relations (IR), a branch of political science, is the study of foreign affairs of and relations among states within the international system, including the roles of inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). ... Howard University is a historically black university in Washington, D.C. It was established by a congressional charter in 1867, and much of its early funding came from the Freedmens Bureau. ... A professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) (prof for short) is a senior teacher, lecturer and researcher, usually in a college or university. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Never losing his interest in Indochina, Fall would return to the region five more times (in 1957, 1962, 1965, 1966, and 1967) in order to study developments there firsthand. Fall was eventually given a grant by the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization to study the development of Communism in Southeast Asia, which he used to observe the rise of Communist activity in Laos. However, Fall was particularly interested in the tensions between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. While teaching at the Royal Institute of Administration in Cambodia in 1962, Fall was invited to interview Ho Chi Minh and Pham Van Dong in Hanoi, where Ho Chi Minh told Fall his belief that Communism would prevail in South Vietnam in about a decade’s time. Fall himself supported the American military presence in South Vietnam, believing it could stop the country from falling to Communism. However, Fall was highly critical of Ngo Dinh Diem’s American-backed regime and the tactics used by the United States Military in Vietnam. As the conflict between the American forces and the Communists in Vietnam escalated throughout the 1960s, Fall became increasingly pessimistic about the U.S.’s chances of success, predicting that if it did not learn from France’s mistakes, it too would fail in Vietnam. Fall wrote extensive articles about his analysis of the situation in Vietnam and lectured a great deal about his ideas on the Vietnam War. Fall’s research was considered invaluable to many U.S. diplomats and military officials, but his negative opinions were often not taken seriously. By 1964, Fall concluded that the U.S. forces in Vietnam were losing. Fall’s dire predictions caught the attention of the FBI, which began to monitor his activities. 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link goes to calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... Ð Manila Conference: SEATO nations leaders group portrait, 10/24/1966. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with :History of communism. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was founded by Ho Chi Minh and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union in 1950. ... Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area  - Total  - % water 173,809km² N/A Population  - Total  - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ... Hồ Chí Minh Hồ Chí Minh (meaning Ho, Enlightened Will) (Hán tá»±: 胡志明)listen â–¶(?) (May 19, 1890 – September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1946 -1955) and President (1955 - 1969) of North Vietnam. ... Pham Van Dong (Vietnamese: Phạm Văn Ðồng, Chu Nom 范文同) (March 1, 1906 – April 29, 2000) was an associate of Ho Chi Minh who helped establish the Indochinese Communist Party. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: quốc ngữ Hà Ná»™i; chữ nôm 河内), estimated population 4,100,000 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. ... Ngô Đình Diệm (?) (Chữ Nôm: 吳廷琰; January 3, 1901 – November 2, 1963) was the first President of the Republic of Vietnam (1955–63). ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The Vietnam War or Second Indochina War was a conflict between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN, or North Vietnam), allied with the National Liberation Front (NLF, or Viet Cong) against the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, or South Vietnam), and its allies—notably the United States military in support of... ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

In 1967, while accompanying a platoon of U.S. Marines on a search and destroy mission in Northern Vietnam, Fall stepped on a landmine and was killed. He left behind his wife and three daughters. Fall wrote many books about his experiences in Vietnam, including The Viet-Minh Regime (1954), The Two Vietnams (1963), Viet-Nam Witness, 1953-66 (1966), and Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu (1966). Fall also wrote Anatomy of a Crisis: The Laotian Crisis of 1960-1961 (published 1969). Perhaps Fall’s most famous and important book was Street Without Joy (1961), which detailed the kind of warfare he had witnessed during his first trip to Vietnam. Although he lived in the United States for many years, he never became a U.S. citizen. 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Platoon is a term from military science. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military. ... A landmine is a type of mine which is placed onto or into the ground and explodes when triggered by a vehicle or person. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday For other uses, see Number 1969. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...