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Bernard of Chartres (Bernardus Carnotensis) (d. after 1124) was a twelfth-century French Neo-Platonist philosopher, scholar, and administrator. Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ...
Neoplatonism (also Neo-Platonism) is an ancient school of philosophy beginning in the 3rd century A.D. It was based on the teachings of Plato and Platonists; but it interpreted Plato in many new ways, such that Neoplatonism was quite different from what Plato taught, though not many Neoplatonists would...
A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ...
Life
The date and place of his birth are unknown. He was believed to have been the elder brother of Thierry of Chartres and to be of Breton origin, but research has shown that this is unlikely.[1] He is recorded at the cathedral school of Chartres by 1115 and was chancellor until 1124. There is no proof that he was still alive after 1124.[2] Thierry of Chartres who was also known as Theodoric de Chartres, was a twelfth-century philosopher, working at Chartres and Paris. ...
Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ...
Chartres is a town and commune of France, préfecture (capital) of the Eure-et-Loir département. ...
Events Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. ...
Events March 26 - Henry I of Englands forces defeat Norman rebels at Bourgtheroulde. ...
Sources Gilbert de la Porrée and William of Conches were students of his, and some information about his work comes through their writings, as well as the writings of John of Salisbury. According to John of Salisbury, Bernard composed a prose treatise De expositione Porphyrii, a metrical treatise on the same subject, a moral poem on education, and probably a fourth work in which he sought to reconcile Plato with Aristotle. Fragments of these treatises are to be found in John's Metalogicon (IV, 35) and Policraticus (VII, 3).[3] Hauréau[4] confounds Bernard of Chartres with Bernard Silvester, and assigns to the former works which are to be ascribed to the latter. Gilbert de la Porrée, frequently known as Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictavieiisis (1070 - September 4, 1154), scholastic logician and theologian, was born at Poitiers. ...
William of Conches (born 1090, died after 1154) was a philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of the classics and fostering empirical science. ...
John of Salisbury (c. ...
Jean-Barthélemy Hauréau (November 9, 1812 – April 29, 1896) was a French historian and writer. ...
Bernard Silvestris, also known as Bernardus Silvestris, was a Medieval Platonist philosopher and poet of the 12th century. ...
The earliest attribution of the phrase "standing on the shoulders of giants" is to Bernard (by John of Salisbury): The metaphor of dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants can be traced back to Lucan,[cannot be traced to this source. ...
- "We are like dwarfs standing [or sitting] upon the shoulders of giants, and so able to see more and see farther than the ancients."
Doctrines Bernard, in common with others of his school, devoted more attention to the study of the Timaeus and the works of the Neo-Platonists than to the study of Aristotle's dialectical treatises and the commentaries of Boethius. Consequently, he not only discussed the problem of universals (distinguishing between the abstract, the process, and the concrete—exemplified, for instance, by the Latin words albedo, albet, and album) but also occupied himself with problems of metaphysics and cosmology. Timaeus (Honour) (or Timæus) is a name that appears in several ancient (Greek) sources: Timaeus (dialogue), a Socratic dialogue by Plato Timaeus of Locri, the 5th-century Pythagorean philosopher, appearing in Platos s Timaeus. ...
For other uses, see Aristotle (disambiguation). ...
There are several persons called Bo thius: Philosophers: Anicius Manlius Severinus thius - to many scholars this is the Bo thius, a late-Roman writer best known for his works in philosophy and theology. ...
Universal has several meanings: For the concept of a universal in metaphysics, see Universal (metaphysics). ...
Plato (Left) and Aristotle (right), by Raphael (Stanza della Segnatura, Rome) Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the ultimate nature of reality, being, and the world. ...
Cosmology, from the Greek: κοσμολογία (cosmologia, κόσμος (cosmos) order + λογια (logia) discourse) is the study of the Universe in its totality, and by extension, humanitys place in it. ...
Metaphysics According to Bernard, there are three categories of reality: God, matter, and idea. God is supreme reality. Matter was brought out of nothingness by God's creative act and is the element which, in union with Ideas, constitutes the world of sensible things. Ideas are the prototypes by means of which the world was from all eternity present to the Divine Mind; they constitute the world of Providence ("in qua omnia semel et simul fecit Deus"), and are eternal but not coeternal with God. According to John of Salisbury, Bernard also taught that there exist native forms—copies of the Ideas created with matter—which are alone united with matter. It is difficult, however, to determine what was Bernard's doctrine on this point. It is sufficient to note that he reproduced in his metaphysical doctrines many of the characteristic traits of Platonism and Neo-Platonism: the intellect as the habitat of Ideas, the world-soul, eternal matter, matter as the source of imperfection, etc. Platonic idealism is the theory that the substantive reality around us is only a reflection of a higher truth. ...
This article is about matter in physics and chemistry. ...
Cosmology Bernard argued that matter, although caused by God, existed from all eternity. In the beginning, before its union with the Ideas, it was in a chaotic condition. It was by means of the native forms, which penetrate matter, that distinction, order, regularity, and number were introduced into the universe.
Glosses on Plato's Timaeus Paul Edward Dutton has shown that a set of anonymous glosses on Plato's Timaeus must be attributed to Bernard. These glosses edited by Dutton are Bernard's only extant work.
Edition The Glosae super Platonem of Bernard of Chartres, edited with an introduction by Paul Edward Dutton, Toronto 1991. ISBN 0-88844-107-X
Further reading The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a reference work consisting of extensive biographies of scientists from antiquity to modern times, excluding scientists who were alive when the Dictionary was first put out. ...
References - ^ Paul Edward Dutton (ed.), The Glosae super Platonem of Bernard of Chartres, Toronto 1991, p. 40-42.
- ^ For the date of his death see Dutton p. 32-33.
- ^ Migne, Patrologia Latina, Vol. CXLIX, coll. 938 and 666.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia, I, 408
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