Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842), South American independence leader, was one of the commanders – together with José de San Martín – of the military forces that freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. Although he was the third Supreme Director of Chile (1817–23), O'Higgins was the first holder of this title to head a fully independent Chilean state. Subject: Bernardo OHiggins Source: IGM (Military Geographic Institute, Chilean State) http://www. ... The Supreme Director of Chile was the seat in charge of Chiles administration following the independence from Spain in 1810, until 1826. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... Ramón Freire Serrano (1787 – 1851) was a Chilean political figure. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Chillán, located about 400 km south of Chiles capital Santiago, has been from its foundation in the year 1580 the heart of Chiles rich agricultural region. ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: Motto: Hoc signum vere regum est Lima Province and Lima within Peru Coordinates: , Country  Peru Region Lima Region Province Lima Province Settled January 18, 1535 Government  - Mayor Luis Castañeda Lossio Area  - City 804. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Supreme Director of Chile was the seat in charge of Chiles administration following the independence from Spain in 1810, until 1826. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Early life

O'Higgins was born in Chillán, Chile. As noted in his certificate of baptism, he was the illegitimate son of Ambrosio O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, a Spanish officer from County Sligo in Ireland, who became governor of Chile and later viceroy of Peru. His mother was Isabel Riquelme y Meza, a prominent lady of a noble family in Chillán. O'Higgins spent his early years with his mother's family in Central-south Chile. He had a distant relationship with his father, who supported him financially and was concerned with his education, but the two never met in person. Spanish government officials in America were forbidden to marry locals^[1] Chillán, located about 400 km south of Chiles capital Santiago, has been from its foundation in the year 1580 the heart of Chiles rich agricultural region. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... Don Ambrosio OHiggins Neale, Marquis of Osorno (es: Ambrosio OHiggins, marqués de Osorno) (1720?, Ballinary, County Sligo, Ireland—1801) born Ambrose OHiggins (Ó hUigínn, in Gaelic), was a colonial Governor of the Capitancy General of Chile, part of the Spanish Empire. ... Statistics Province: Connacht County Town: Sligo Code: SO Area: 1,837 km² Population (2006) 60,894[1] Website: www. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... Chillán, located about 400 km south of Chiles capital Santiago, has been from its foundation in the year 1580 the heart of Chiles rich agricultural region. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere historically considered to consist of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ...

Clarence House, Richmond, Surrey.

As Ambrose O'Higgins became Viceroy of Peru, young Bernardo was sent to London to complete his studies. There, Bernardo became acquainted with American-independist ideas: he knew Venezuelan Francisco de Miranda and joined the Masonic Logia Lautaro. Image File history File linksMetadata Clarence_House,_Richmond,_Surrey. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Clarence_House,_Richmond,_Surrey. ... Richmond is a suburb and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, England. ... Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) contained most of Spanish-ruled South America until the creation of the separate viceroyalties of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Venezuela, the last-named previously in the Viceroyalty of New Spain) in 1717 and Río... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda Rodríguez (commonly known as Francisco de Miranda March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816) was a South American revolutionary whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but who is regarded as a forerunner of Simón Bol... The Lautaro Lodge was a lodge founded by Venezuelan Francisco de Miranda. ...

Role in the Chilean Independence and Government

In 1810, he joined the nationalist rebels fighting for independence from Spain. In 1814, his Chilean rebels were defeated by the Spanish and retreated into the Andes. In 1817, O'Higgins went back on the offensive with the aid of Argentine General José de San Martín. On February 12, 1817, he led a cavalry charge that won the Battle of Chacabuco. He became the first leader of independent Chile, and was granted dictatorial powers as Supreme Director on February 16, 1817. On February 12, 1818, Chile was proclaimed an independent republic. This article is about the mountain system in South America. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Not to be confused with Golgotha, which was called Calvary. ... In 1814, having been instrumental in the establishment of a popularly elected congress in Argentina, Jose de San Martin began to consider the problem of driving the Spanish royalists from South America. ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ...

His six-year rule saw the founding of the Military Academy and the approval of the new (and current) Chilean flag. However, his more radical and liberal reforms, (such as the establishment of democracy and abolition of nobility titles) were resisted by the powerful conservative large-land owners. During his government, he founded the cities of La Unión and Vicuña. From his later exile in Peru, he promoted the Chilean expansion southward, concluding in the foundation of Punta Arenas in 1845. Also, his government was involved - presumably under the pressure of the Lautaro Lodge - in the killing of adversary independist leaders José Miguel Carrera, his brothers Juan José and Luis in Argentina, and Carreras' friend and guerrilla leader Manuel Rodríguez. He was deposed by a conservative coup on January 28, 1823. Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Chile consists of two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... Look up reform in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... A title is a prefix or suffix added to a persons name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. ... Ths article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ... Landowner or Landholder is a holder of the estate in land with considerable rights of ownership or, simply put, an owner of land. ... La Unión is a city and municipality in Valdivia Province, in southern Chile founded during the government of Bernardo OHiggins, to secure sovereignty over the Central Valley south of Valdivia. ... Vicuña is a city in northern Chile founded during the government of Bernardo OHiggins, to secure sovereignty over the Elqui Valley. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... City of Punta Arenas Punta Arenas in Tierra del Fuego Sunrise view of the Strait of magellan Punta Arenas is the main city on the Strait of Magellan and the capital of the Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena, Chile, and depending on the definition of city... The Lautaro Lodge (Logia Lautaro in Spanish)) was founded by Francisco de Miranda. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... Manuel Rodríguez Sánchez (July 4, 1917 in Córdoba, Spain - August 28, 1947 in Linares, Spain), better known as Manolete, was a famous Spanish bullfighter. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

During his government, he also assisted José de San Martín to organize the Expedition and an Army and Navy to support the Independence of Peru. He also organized the Chilean Army and the first Chilean Navy, under the command of Lord Cochrane and Manuel Blanco Encalada. José de San Martín (25 February 1778 - 17 August 1850) was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... The Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile in Spanish) is the land arm of the Military of Chile. ... Chilean Navy Jack The Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile) is the naval force of Chile. ... Rear Admiral Thomas Alexander Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Marquês do Maranhão GCB RN (14 December 1775 – 31 October 1860), styled Lord Cochrane between 1778 and 1831[1], was a radical politician and naval officer. ... Manuel Blanco Encalada Manuel Blanco Encalada (April 21, 1790, Buenos Aires – September 5, 1876 Santiago de Chile) was a Chilean political figure, an Admiral and Chiles first President (1826). ...

Death and legacy

O'Higgins' blue plaque.

After his deposition, O'Higgins spent the rest of his life in exile, and died in Lima, Peru in 1842. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (640x853, 118 KB) Summary Bernardo OHiggins blue plaque, on the wall outside Clarence House, 2 The Vineyard, Richmond, London, UK. TW10 6AQ. Clarence House Photo taken by Mark Barker on 2005 April 17 at 14·27. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (640x853, 118 KB) Summary Bernardo OHiggins blue plaque, on the wall outside Clarence House, 2 The Vineyard, Richmond, London, UK. TW10 6AQ. Clarence House Photo taken by Mark Barker on 2005 April 17 at 14·27. ... Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician. ... This article is about Lima, Peru. ...

After his death, his remains were repatriated to Chile in 1869; moved in 1979 from the Military School to a place of honor in the Altar de la Patria's mausoleum in front of the Palacio de La Moneda government palace; and then back again temporarily to the Military School, in 2004, for a year, during transformation of the Altar de la Patria into the new Plaza de la Ciudadanía (Citizens' Square). The Chilean village of Villa O'Higgins was named in his honor. The main thoroughfare of the Chilean capital, Santiago, is Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins. St. ... Front view of La Moneda The Palacio de La Moneda (Spanish The Mint Palace), is the present seat of the President of the Republic of Chile. ... Plaza de la Ciudadanía, with the southern façade of La Moneda Palace Plaza de la Ciudadanía is the name given to the new development that is currently being built in the southern façade of the Palacio de La Moneda (Chiles presidential palace). ... Villa OHiggins is a village (aldea) in southern Chile, located in the Capitán Prat Province of the Aysen Region. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago Coordinates: , Region Province Foundation February 12, 1541 Government  - Mayor Raúl Alcaíno Lihn Area 1  - City 22. ... Alameda del Libertador Bernardo OHiggins is Santiagos main road, that flows west-to-east in the center of the greater urban area. ...

There is a statue of O'Higgins in Richmond, in south-west London in a square named after him, O'Higgins Square, and a blue plaque was erected in his honour at Clarence House in Richmond, the house at 2 The Vineyard in which he lived while studying in London. A plaque has also been erected in Cadiz, Spain in the Plaza de Candalaria, where he resided for four years. Richmond is a suburb and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in south west London, England. ... A blue plaque showing information about The Spanish Barn at Torre Abbey in Torquay. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ...

There is also a plaque in his honor in Merrion Square in Dublin and in the Garavogue River Walkway in Sligo, Ireland, and a sculpture at Central Railway Station on Elizabeth St in Sydney, Australia. Merrion Square is situated on the south side of Dublin city centre and is considered one of the citys finest Georgian squares. ... Dublin city centre at night WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Leinster County: Dáil Éireann: Dublin Central, Dublin North Central, Dublin North East, Dublin North West, Dublin South Central, Dublin South East European Parliament: Dublin Dialling Code: +353 1 Postal District(s): D1-24, D6W Area: 114. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ...

Additional information

See also

• History of Chile
• José Miguel Carrera
• Simón Bolívar
• José de San Martín
• Benito Juárez
• José Martí
• Francisco de Miranda
• ΦΙΑ (Phi Iota Alpha), a United States university fraternity that takes Bernardo O'Higgins as one of its "five pillars".
• List of famous short men
• UNMSM List of famous alumni of UNMSM.

Map of Chile This is the history of Chile. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... “Bolívar” redirects here. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... For other uses, see Benito Juárez (disambiguation). ... José Julián Martí y Pérez was a leader of the Cuban independence movement from Spain and as well a renowned poet and writer. ... Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda Rodríguez (commonly known as Francisco de Miranda March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816) was a South American revolutionary whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but who is regarded as a forerunner of Simón Bol... Phi Iota Alpha (ΦΙΑ), established December 26, 1931 is the oldest Latino fraternity in existence. ... Throughout history there have been several men who became famous for being short or whose fame was affected by their height. ... National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), or simply San Marcos) is a public university in Lima, Peru. ...

References

1. ^ Crow, John A.; The Epic of Latin America (Fourth Edition); University of California Press, 1992; Page 166. Here he discusses that Viceroys and their subordinates could not contract marriage.

External links

• Web Blog of Respetable Lodge Bernardo O'Higgins # 392 - Of Free and Acepted Masones of the Argentina, Argentine Freemasonery
• Sepúlveda, Alfredo: Bernardo O'Higgins: The Rebel Son of a Viceroy
• Bernardo O'Higgins website

Government Junta of Chile (November 15, 1811), was the form of government established to rule Chile following the Military Coup organized by José Miguel Carrera. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... The Supreme Director of Chile was the seat in charge of Chiles administration following the independence from Spain in 1810, until 1826. ... Ramón Freire Serrano (1787 – 1851) was a Chilean political figure. ... José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South Americas successful struggle for independence from Spain. ... The Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile in Spanish) is the land arm of the Military of Chile. ... Ramón Freire Serrano (1787 – 1851) was a Chilean political figure. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... The Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile in Spanish) is the land arm of the Military of Chile. ... José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (15 October 1785 - 4 September 1821) was a Chilean general, considered one of the founders of independent Chile. ... Flag of the President of Chile The President of Chile is both the chief of state and the head of government. ... Antonio José de Irisarri Alonso (February 7, 1786 - June 10, 1868), was a Guatemalan statesman, journalist and Interim Supreme Director of Chile (1814). ... Francisco de la Lastra de la Sotta was the first Supreme Director of Chile (1814). ... Ramón Freire Serrano (1787 – 1851) was a Chilean political figure. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile_(1812-1814). ...