Bershad, small town in Vinnytsia oblast, Ukraine. The Jews there were butchered by one of the Cossack bands during the Chmielnicki massacres. The Jewish community numbered 438 in 1765; 650 in 1787; 3,370 in 1847; 6,600 (out of a total population of 8,885) according to the 1897 census; and 7,400 (61%) in 1910. The Jews still formed the majority of the population in 1926 (6,110; 59%), although steadily diminishing. Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town In American English, a town is usually a municipal corporation that is smaller than a city but larger than a village. ... Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Вінниця, Polish: Winnica) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Pivdennyi Buh River, approximately 270 km west of Ukraines capital, Kiev. ... An oblast (Slavonian verbalism or term, Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian, Ukrainian: о́бласть, Bulgarian: о́бласт) English equivalent area, province or zone. ... The Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bogdan Khmelnitsky) ( 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Ruthenian (arguably) noble, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for his revolt against Poland (1648 – 1654) and the Treaty... The word massacre has a number of meanings, but most commonly refers to individual events of deliberate and direct mass killing, especially of noncombatant civilians or other innocents, that would often qualify as war crimes or atrocities. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... ... A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

At the beginning of the 19th century, when the zaddik, Raphael of Bershad lived there, Bershad became a center of Hasidism. It became celebrated for its tallit weaving industry which came to an end after many of the weavers emigrated to the United States. Most of the plants for sugar refining and distilling, flour mills, and tanneries (ed. note: see tanning) established in Bershad toward the end of the 19th century were owned by Jews. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Tzadik may mean one of the following: The eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, written צ or ץ; also spelled: tzadi, tzodek, sade, sadhe; The Hebrew word for righteous one, and a title given to a Hassidic spiritual leader; also spelled: tzaddik, tsadik, zadik; plural: tzadikkim; A New York-based... Hasidic Judaism (Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות) is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. ... The tallit (Modern Hebrew טַלֵּית) or tallet (Sephardi Hebrew טַלֵּית), also called talles (Yiddish), is a prayer shawl cloak that is worn during the morning Jewish services (the Shacharit prayers) in Judaism. ... Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn made of fiber called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ... Emigration is the action and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country to settle abroad. ... In general use, sugar is taken to mean sucrose, also called table sugar or saccharose, a disaccharide which is a white crystalline solid. ... Refining is the process of purification of a substance, usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. ... Distillation is a means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points. ... Look up flour on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term mill, when used by itself, can refer to: Mill (factory) - a place of business for making articles of manufacture, e. ... Tanning is the process of making leather from skin. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

During the civil war of 1919-20, 150 Jews in Bershad were massacred by Ukrainian gangs and soldiers of Denikin’s army. After the German invasion of Russia in 1941 Bershad was included in Transnistria. A ghetto was established in the town and Jews deported from Bessarabia and Bukovina, were sent there. Many died of hunger and disease. A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ... The word massacre has a number of meanings, but most commonly refers to individual events of deliberate and direct mass killing, especially of noncombatant civilians or other innocents, that would often qualify as war crimes or atrocities. ... // How a gang is defined A gang is a group of individuals who share a common identity and, in current usage, engage in illegal activities. ... A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment (such as a uniform and weapon) to defend that country or its interests. ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation in 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 - August 8, 1947) was a Russian army officer before and during World War I. Following the Russian Revolution he was part of the counter-revolutionary White Russian forces in the civil... An invasion is a military action consisting of troops entering a foreign land (a nation or territory, or part of that), often resulting in the invading power occupying the area, whether briefly or for a long period. ... Administrative map of Moldova with Transnistria highlighted in yellow Official languages Moldovan/Romanian, Russian and Ukrainian Political status unrecognized Capital Tiraspol President Igor Smirnov Independence  â€“ Declared  â€“ Recognition From Moldova  September 2, 1990  none Area 3,567 km² (2001 est. ... A ghetto is an area where people from a specific ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ... Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia annexed by Russia in 1812. ... Bukovina is the territory on the slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. ... Hunger is applied literally to the need or craving for food; it can also be applied metaphorically to cravings of other sorts. ... A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. ...

In 1970, the Jewish population was estimated at 8,000. There were one synagogue and a rabbi, and kosher poultry was available. The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי transliterated: Yehudi) is used in many ways, but generally refers to a follower of Judaism, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... A synagogue or synagog (from Greek συναγωγη, transliterated sunagoge, place of assembly literally meeting, assembly) is a Jewish house of prayer and study. ... Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root-word RaV, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished,. In the ancient Judean schools the sages were addressed as רִבִּי (Ribbi or Rebbi... The circled U indicates that this can of tuna is certified kosher by the Union of Orthodox Congregations. ... Duck amongst other poultry The Poultry-dealer, after Cesare Vecellio. ...

Bibliography: A.D.Rozenthal, Megillat ha-Torah, 1 (1927), 100-2, 110; Y. Midrashi, Bershad ve-ha-Haganah Shellah (1935); N. Huberman, Bershad (Heb., 1956). Bibliography is the study of books. ... Torah (תורה) is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or law. ...

ENCYCLOPEDIA JUDAICA (Jerusalem 1971). Jerusalem and the Old City. ...

See also, Jew; Judaism; Jewish history; and Anti-Semitism. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Jewish history is the history of the Jewish people, faith (Judaism) and culture. ... The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...