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The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857–2003), based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, once was the second largest steel producer in the United States (after Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based US Steel). But following its 2001 bankruptcy, the company was dissolved and the remaining assets sold to International Steel Group in 2003. In 2005, ISG merged with Mittal Steel, ending U.S. ownership of the assets of Bethlehem Steel. Image File history File links Bethlehemsteel. ...
Image File history File links Bethlehemsteel. ...
Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania Counties Lehigh and Northampton Founded 1741 - Mayor John B. Callahan Area - City 19. ...
1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania Counties Lehigh and Northampton Founded 1741 - Mayor John B. Callahan Area - City 19. ...
The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ...
Nickname: Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Allegheny Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough) March 18, 1816 (city) Government - Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (D) Area - City 151. ...
The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X), later named USX Corporation in 1991, then renamed the United States Steel Corporation again in 2001 when the shareholders of USX spun off the steelmaking assets of the company after its acquisition of Marathon Oil, was once the largest steel producer and largest...
Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ...
Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ...
During its life, Bethlehem Steel was also one of the largest shipbuilding companies in the world and was one of the most powerful symbols of American industrial manufacturing leadership. Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ...
Bethlehem Steel's demise often is cited as one of the most prominent examples of the U.S. economy's transition away from industrial manufacturing and its inability to compete with cheap foreign labor.
Founding
The company's roots go back to 1857 when Charles Brodhead and Augustus Wolle began organizing the Saucona Iron Works. After the original site for the works was changed to another in South Bethlehem, the company name was changed to The Bethlehem Rolling Mills and Iron Company. Due to the Panic of 1857, a national financial crises, further organization of the fledgling company and construction of the works came to a halt. Eventually, the company was organized and on June 14, 1860 the board of directors elected Alfred Hunt president. On May 1, 1861 the company name was changed again, this time to The Bethlehem Iron Company. On July 1, 1861 construction of the first blast furnace began, going into operation on January 4, 1863. The first rolling mill was built between the spring of 1861 and the summer of 1863, with the first railroad rails being rolled on September 26. A machine shop, in 1865, and another blast furnace, in 1867, were completed. During its early years, the company produced rails for the rapidly expanding railroads and armor plating for the US Navy.[1] 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The Panic of 1857 was a sudden downturn in the economy of the United States. ...
Alfred Hunt Alfred Hunt (April 5, 1817 - March 27, 1888) was the first president of Bethlehem Iron Company, precursor of Bethlehem Steel Corporation. ...
This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ...
Armor or armour (see spelling differences) is protective clothing intended to defend its wearer from intentional harm in combat and military engagements, typically associated with soldiers. ...
The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ...
In 1899, the company assumed the name, Bethlehem Steel Company. In 1904, Charles M. Schwab (then recently resigned from US Steel, and unrelated to the stockbroker Charles R. Schwab) and Joseph Wharton (who founded the Wharton School of Business in Philadelphia) formed the Bethlehem Steel Corporation with Schwab becoming its first president and chairman of its board of directors. Charles Michael Schwab; the hand-written dedication is to Andrew Carnegie For the founder and CEO of the Charles Schwab Corporation brokerage firm, see Charles R. Schwab. ...
Charles R. Schwab (born 1937) is the founder and CEO of the Charles Schwab Corporation. ...
Joseph Wharton ( March 3, 1826 – January 11, 1909) founded the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and co-founded the Bethlehem Steel company. ...
Wharton School Wharton School is the business school of University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ...
Nickname: Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government - Mayor John F. Street (D) Area - City 369. ...
In relation to a company, a director is an officer (that is, someone who works for the company) charged with the conduct and management of its affairs. ...
The Bethlehem Steel Corporation ascended to great prominence in American industry, installing the revolutionary grey rolling mill and producing the first wide-flange structural shapes to be made in America. These shapes were largely responsible for ushering in the age of the skyscraper and establishing Bethlehem Steel as the leading supplier of steel to the construction industry. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
In the early 1900s, the corporation branched out from steel, with iron mines in Cuba and shipyards around the country. In 1913, it acquired the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, Massachusetts, thereby assuming the role of one of the world's major shipbuilders. Small shipyard in KlaksvÃk (Faroe Islands), reparing fishing vessels Fish ladder and shipyard in Grave, the Netherlands Construction hall of Schichau Seebeck Shipyard, Bremerhaven Gdynia Shipyard Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. ...
Fore River Ship and Engine Company was a shipyard in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s. ...
Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1625 Incorporated 1792 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor William J. Phelan Area - City 26. ...
Behind American landmarks In 1916, Eugene Grace became the company's president, and, in 1945, he became its chairman, leading the company until 1957. Grace acquired a number of additional steel plants in the 1920s, and Bethlehem produced the steel for many of the country's most prominent landmarks, including New York City's Rockefeller Center and Madison Square Garden and San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. Eugene Gifford Grace (August 27, 1876–July 7, 1960) was the president of Bethlehem Steel Corporation from 1916 to 1945, and chairman of the board from 1945 until his retirement in 1957. ...
New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...
Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. ...
The steel for American armed forces During World War I and World War II, Bethlehem Steel was a major supplier of armor plate and ordnance products to the U.S. armed forces. Many of the nation's fighting ships used armor plate and large caliber guns supplied by Bethlehem Steel. “The Great War †redirects here. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
During World War II, Bethlehem's 15 shipyards produced a total of 1,121 ships, more than any other builder during the war, employing as many as 180,000 persons in the process (company total employment was 300,000). When peacetime came, the plant continued to supply a wide variety of structural shapes for the construction trades and forged products for defense, power generation and steel-producing companies. Small shipyard in KlaksvÃk (Faroe Islands), reparing fishing vessels Fish ladder and shipyard in Grave, the Netherlands Construction hall of Schichau Seebeck Shipyard, Bremerhaven Gdynia Shipyard Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. ...
Italian Full rigged ship Amerigo Vespucci in New York Harbor, 1976 A ship is a large watercraft capable of offshore navigation. ...
Bethlehem Steel's high point came in the 1950s, as the company began manufacturing some 23 million tons per year, and it built its largest plant, at Burns Harbor, Indiana, between 1962 and 1964. In 1958, the company's president, Arthur B. Homer, was the highest paid business executive in the US. Burns Harbor is a town in Porter County, Indiana, United States. ...
Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...
Shipyards Fore River Ship and Engine Company was a shipyard in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s. ...
Located in Sparrow Point Maryland, Bethlehem Shipbuilding (or Bethship) was a part of the Bethlehem Steel Corportation. ...
Sparrows Point is an unincorporated area in Baltimore County, Maryland. ...
BAE Systems plc is the worlds fourth largest defence contractor,[3] the largest in Europe and a commercial aerospace manufacturer. ...
Freight cars From 1923 to 1991, Bethlehem Steel was one of the world's leading producers of railroad freight cars through their purchase of the former Midvale Steel and Ordinance Company of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Despite its status as a major integrated steel maker, Bethlehem Steel Freight Car Division pioneered the use of aluminum in freight car construction. The Johnstown plant was purchased from Bethlehem Steel through a management buyout in 1991, creating Johnstown America Industries. Johnstown is a small village in North Wales Johnstown, Wrexham Johnstown is a village in the Republic of Ireland Johnstown, County Kildare Johnstown is the name of several places in the United States of America: Johnstown, Colorado Johnstown, Maryland, a settlement located in the southern part of Maryland Johnstown, Nebraska...
Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area Ranked 33rd - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²) - Width 280 miles (455 km) - Length 160 miles (255 km) - % water 2. ...
Facing foreign competition While the US steel industry prospered during World War II, the steel industries in Germany and Japan were devastated by Allied bombardment. As a result, they had to be rebuilt after the war, but were rebuilt with more modern techniques such as continuous casting in their now newer plants. This efficiency, plus the high benefit concessions given to US steelworkers during the two decades that the US steel Industry operated without significant foreign competition, and unwillingness of the US steel industry to invest their profits into newer technology, set the stage for a significant price differential in the 1980s. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Continuous casting is a refinement of the casting process for the continuous, high-volume production of metal sections with a constant cross-section. ...
Cheaper foreign steel began being imported in the 1980s, negatively impacting Bethlehem Steel's market share in the U.S. steel industry. In 1982, the company reported a loss of US$1.5 billion and was forced to shut down many of its operations. Profitability returned briefly in 1988, but restructuring and shutdowns continued through the 1980s and 1990s.
In the mid-1980s, the market for the plant's structural products began to diminish, and new competition entered the marketplace. Lighter, lower construction styles, resulting in low-rise buildings not requiring the heavy structural grades produced at the Bethlehem plant, caused Bethlehem Steel to discontinue its coal mining operations (Under the name BethEnergy) in 1991, and its steelmaking activities at the main Bethlehem plant by the end of 1995. After roughly 140 years of metal production at its Bethlehem, Pennsylvania plant, Bethlehem Steel ceased operations in Bethlehem. Bethlehem Steel exited the railroad car business in 1993 and ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steelmaking operations. Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania Counties Lehigh and Northampton Founded 1741 - Mayor John B. Callahan Area - City 19. ...
Management failings James C. Collins, in the book Good to Great, compares the long term decline of Bethlehem with the meteoric rise of Nucor. Based upon the data gathered by the research team, Collins concludes that cheap imports were not the only reason for Bethlehem's decline. The failure of management to innovate, embrace technology and improve labor relations contributed to the company's demise. Jim Collins Jim Collins is considered to be one of the major American business gurus, who is like a student of and a teacher for great companies. ...
Good to Great ISBN: 0066620996,Hardcover: 320 pages Publisher: Collins (October, 2001) Good to Great is a management book by Jim Collins that describes how companies transition from being average companies to great companies and how companies can fail to make the transition. ...
Nucor Corporation (NYSE: NUE) is one of the largest steel producers in the United States, and the largest of the mini-mill operators (those using electric arc furnaces to melt scrap steel, as opposed to companies using traditional blast furnace technology). ...
Ironically, the subject of cheap imports has continued to be an issue for American steel producers. Recently, the Chairman and CEO of Nucor has testified to the US Senate concerning the problems caused by cheap imports.
Closing and bankruptcy With the closing of its local operations and its extraordinary ensuing impact on the local Lehigh Valley area, Bethlehem Steel decided to help revitalize the South Side of Bethlehem, and hired outside consultants to develop conceptual plans on the reuse of the massive property. The consensus was to rename the 163-acre (660,000 m²) site Bethlehem Works and to use the land for cultural, recreational, educational, entertainment and retail development. The National Museum of Industrial History, in association with the Smithsonian Institution, and the Bethlehem Commerce Center, consisting of 1,600 acres (6.5 km²) of prime industrial property, plan to be erected on the site along with a Casino and huge retail and entertainment complex. Counties comprising the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania The Lehigh Valley (also known simply as The Valley) is a region in eastern Pennsylvania, in the United States. ...
The Bethlehem Steel Corp. ...
The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...
In 2001, Bethlehem Steel formally filed for bankruptcy. Two years later, in 2003, the company's remnants, including its six massive plants, were acquired by the International Steel Group. Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, put into administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organizations to pay their...
Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ...
As of 2007, the property has been sold to Sands BethWorks, and plans for a casino to be built where the steel giant once stood are expected to be completed by 2009. Sands BethWorks is a proposed casino in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. ...
Notes
References - Davis (1877), "Bethlehem Iron Company", History of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and Reading: Peter Fritts, Chapter XLV, p. 212-213
- Hall, P. J. (1915), "History of South Bethlehem, Pa.", Semi-centennial, the borough of South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1865-1915, Quinlan Printing Co.
See also This article is about the song by Billy Joel. ...
Eugene Gifford Grace (August 27, 1876–July 7, 1960) was the president of Bethlehem Steel Corporation from 1916 to 1945, and chairman of the board from 1945 until his retirement in 1957. ...
Alfred Hunt Alfred Hunt (April 5, 1817 - March 27, 1888) was the first president of Bethlehem Iron Company, precursor of Bethlehem Steel Corporation. ...
Charles Michael Schwab; the hand-written dedication is to Andrew Carnegie For the founder and CEO of the Charles Schwab Corporation brokerage firm, see Charles R. Schwab. ...
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