Bethlehem Steel Corporation's manufacturing facility in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857-2003), based in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, once was the second largest steel producer in the United States (after Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based US Steel). But following its 2001 bankruptcy, the company was dissolved and the remaining assets sold to International Steel Group in 2003. In 2005, ISG merged with Mittal Steel, ending U.S. ownership of the assets of Bethlehem Steel. Image File history File links Bethlehemsteel. ... Image File history File links Bethlehemsteel. ... Motto: Nickname: Map Political Statistics Founded 1741 Incorporated Lehigh and Northampton Counties Mayor John B. Callahan Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 50. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Nickname: Map Political Statistics Founded 1741 Incorporated Lehigh and Northampton Counties Mayor John B. Callahan Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 50. ... The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ... Pittsburgh skyline as viewed from Mount Washington Pittsburgh is a city in Western Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County. ... The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X), later named USX Corporation in 1991, then renamed the United States Steel Corporation again in 2001 when the shareholders of USX spun off the steelmaking assets of the company after its acquisition of Marathon Oil, was once the largest steel producer and largest... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ...

During its life, Bethlehem Steel also was one of the largest shipbuilding companies in the world and was one of the most powerful symbols of American manufacturing leadership. Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ...

Bethlehem Steel's demise often is cited as one of the most prominent examples of the U.S. economy's transition away from industrial manufacturing and its inability to compete with cheap foreign labor.

Founding

The company began on April 8, 1857 as the Saucona Iron Works in South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Then, on May 1, 1861, the company changed its name to Bethlehem Iron Works. In its early years, it produced railroad rails and armor plating for the US Navy. In 1899, the company assumed the name, Bethlehem Steel Company. April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... Alternative meanings: vehicle armour, Armor (novel) A hoplite wearing a helmet, a breastplate and greaves (and nothing else). ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations around the globe. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1904, Charles M. Schwab (recently resigned from US Steel) and Joseph Wharton formed the Bethlehem Steel Corporation with Schwab becoming its first president and chairman of its board of directors. The Bethlehem Steel Corporation ascended to great prominence in American industry, installing the revolutionary grey rolling mill and producing the first wide-flange structural shapes to be made in America. These shapes were largely responsible for ushering in the age of the skyscraper and establishing Bethlehem Steel as the leading supplier of steel to the construction industry. 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Charles Michael Schwab (February 18, 1862 in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania - October 18, 1939 in London, England) was an American industrialist who became a multimillionaire in the steel industry but died bankrupt. ... Joseph Wharton ( March 3, 1826 – January 11, 1909) founded the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and co-founded the Bethlehem Steel company. ... It has been suggested that Board of Trustees be merged into this article or section. ... Taipei 101, considered the worlds tallest skyscraper. ... Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ...

In the early 1900s, the corporation branched out from steel, with iron mines in Cuba and shipyards around the country. In 1913, it acquired the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, Massachusetts, thereby assuming the role of one of the world's major shipbuilders. // Events and Trends Technology First flight by the Wright brothers, December 17, 1903. ... Small shipyard in Klaksvík (Faroe Islands), reparing fishing vessels Dockyards and shipyards are places which repair and build ships. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Fore River Ship and Engine Company was a shipyard in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s. ... Nickname: The City of Presidents Official website: http://ci. ...

Behind American landmarks

In 1916, Eugene G. Grace became the company's president, and, in 1945, he became its chairman, leading the company until 1960. Grace acquired a number of additional steel plants in the 1920s, and Bethlehem produced the steel for many of the country's most prominent landmarks, including New York City's Rockefeller Center and Madison Square Garden and San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge. 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 - The Royal Army Medical Corps first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... The 1920s were a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ... Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, known colloquially simply as The Garden, has been the name of four arenas in New York City, United States. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening into the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. ...

The steel for American armed forces

During World War I and World War II, Bethlehem Steel was a major supplier of armor plate and ordnance products to the U.S. armed forces. Many of the nation's fighting ships used armor plate and large caliber guns supplied by Bethlehem steel. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead:17 million Civilian dead:33 million Total dead:50 million Military dead:8 million Civilian dead:4 million Total dead:12 million World War II...

During World War II, Bethlehem's 15 shipyards produced a total of 1,121 ships, more than any other builder during the war, employing as many as 180,000 persons in the process (company total employment was 300,000). When peacetime came, the plant continued to supply a wide variety of structural shapes for the construction trades and forged products for defense, power generation and steel-producing companies. Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead:17 million Civilian dead:33 million Total dead:50 million Military dead:8 million Civilian dead:4 million Total dead:12 million World War II... Small shipyard in Klaksvík (Faroe Islands), reparing fishing vessels Dockyards and shipyards are places which repair and build ships. ... Italian ship-rigged vessel Amerigo Vespucci in New York Harbor, 1976 A ship is a large, sea-going watercraft, sometimes with multiple decks. ...

Bethlehem Steel's high point came in the 1950s, as the company began manufacturing some 23 million tons per year, and it built its largest plant, at Burns Harbor, Indiana, between 1962 and 1964. In 1958, the company's president, Arthur B. Homer, was the highest paid business executive in the US. // Events and trends This map shows two essential global spheres during the Cold War in 1959. ... Burns Harbor is a town located in Porter County, Indiana. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: E pluribus unum (1789 to 1956) (Latin: Out of Many, One) In God We Trust (1956 to present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at federal level; English de facto Government • President • Vice President Federal republic George...

Shipyards

• Fore River Shipyard

Fore River Ship and Engine Company was a shipyard in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s. ...

Facing foreign competition

In the mid-1980s, the market for the plant's structural products began to diminish, and new competition entered the marketplace. Lighter, lower construction styles, resulting in low-rise buildings not requiring the heavy structural grades produced at the Bethlehem plant, caused Bethlehem Steel to discontinue its steelmaking activities at the main Bethlehem plant by the end of 1995. After roughly 140 years of metal production at its Bethlehem, Pennsylvania plant, Bethlehem Steel ceased operations in Bethlehem. The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Nickname: Map Political Statistics Founded 1741 Incorporated Lehigh and Northampton Counties Mayor John B. Callahan Geographic Statistics Area  - Total  - Land  - Water 50. ...

Cheaper foreign steel began being imported in the 1980s, negatively impacting Bethlehem Steel's market share in the U.S. steel industry. In 1982, the company reported a loss of US$1.5 billion and was forced to shut down many of its operations. Profitability returned briefly in 1988, but restructuring and shutdowns continued through the 1980s and 1990s. The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...

Closing and bankruptcy

With the closing of its local operations and its extraordinary ensuing impact on the local Lehigh Valley area, Bethlehem Steel decided to help revitalize the South Side of Bethlehem, and hired outside consultants to develop conceptual plans on the reuse of the massive property. The consensus was to rename the 163-acre (660,000 m²) site Bethlehem Works and to use the land for cultural, recreational, educational, entertainment and retail development. The National Museum of Industrial History, in association with the Smithsonian Institution, and the Bethlehem Commerce Center, consisting of 1,600 acres (6.5 km²) of prime industrial property, were erected on the site. The Bethlehem Steel Corporation in the Lehigh Valley, once one of the worlds largest manufacturers of steel, closed in 2003. ... The Bethlehem Steel Corporation announced that it would discontinue its steelmaking activities at the main Bethlehem plant by the end of 1995. ... The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...

In 2001, Bethlehem Steel formally filed for bankruptcy. Two years later, in 2003, the company's remnants, including its six massive plants, were acquired by the International Steel Group. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Notice of closure stuck on the door of a computer store the day after its parent company, Granville Technology Group Ltd, declared bankruptcy (strictly, administration - see text) in the UK. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mittal Steel Company N.V. (NYSE: MT) is the worlds largest steel producer. ...

External links

• Bethlehem Steel homepage (archived) - A November 27, 2004 historic Internet Archive cache of the no longer operational site
• Fortune: "The Sinking of Bethlehem Steel" - an "autopsy" of the company