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Encyclopedia > Betz cells
Betz cell
A human neocortical pyramidal neuron such as a Betz Cell stained via Golgi technique.
Location Layer V of Cortex in primary motor cortex
Function excitatory projection neuron to spinal cord
Neurotransmitter Glutamate
Morphology Multipolar Pyramidal -- some of the longest axons in the body.
Presynaptic connections Superficial cortical layers, premotor area
Postsynaptic connections Ventral horn of the spinal cord


Betz cells are pyramidal cell neurons located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. They are named after Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz, who described them in his work published in 1874. [1] These neurons are some of the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.[2] Betz cells send their axons down to the spinal cord where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical to pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, and these do not leave the soma only at basal angles but rather branch out from almost any point asymmetrically.[3] These perisomatic and basal dendrites project into all cortical layers, but most of their horizontal arbors populate layers V and VI, some reaching down into the white matter.[4] According to one study, Betz cells represent about 10% of the total pyramidal cell population in layer Vb of the human primary motor cortex.[5] Image File history File links GolgiStainedPyramidalCell. ... A pyramidal cell is a multipolar neuron located in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ... Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method Drawing of a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum cortex done by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, clearly demonstrating the power of Golgis staining method to reveal fine detail Golgis method is a nervous tissue staining... Location of the cerebral cortex Slice of the cerebral cortex, ca. ... The primary motor area is a group of networked cells in mammalian brains that controls movements of specific body parts associated with cell groups in that area of the brain. ... Glutamate is the anion of glutamic acid. ... The term morphology in biology refers to the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern) of an organism or taxon and its component parts. ... An axon, or nerve fiber, is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, which conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ... Superficial is a general term meaning regarding the surface, often metaphorically. ... The anterior horn is the anterior division of the lateral ventricle of the brain. ... The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ... A pyramidal cell (or pyramidal neuron, or projection neuron) is a multipolar neuron located in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ... Drawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal of neurons in the pigeon cerebellum. ... Grey matter is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of nerve cell bodies and short nerve cell extensions/processes (axons and dendrites). ... The primary motor area is a group of networked cells in mammalian brains that controls movements of specific body parts associated with cell groups in that area of the brain. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... A micrometre (American spelling: micrometer, symbol µm) is an SI unit of length. ... An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) in the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ... The anterior horn of the spinal cord (or anterior cornu, or anterior column) is the ventral (front) grey matter section of the spinal cord. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hook from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. POOP Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... A basal dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the base of a pyramidal cell. ...


Reference

  1. ^ Betz W. (1874) Anatomischer Nachweis zweier Gehirncentra. Centralblatt für die medizinischen Wissenschaften. 12:578-580, 595-599.
  2. ^ Nolte, J. The Human Brain, 5th ed. Mosby: Missouri; 2002, p.527. ISBN 0-323-01320-1
  3. ^ Braak H, Braak E. (1976) The pyramidal cells of Betz within the cingulate and precentral gigantopyramidal field in the human brain. A Golgi and pigmentarchitectonic study. Cell Tissue Res. 172(1):103-19. PMID 991201
  4. ^ Meyer G. (1987) Forms and spatial arrangement of neurons in the primary motor cortex of man. J Comp Neurol 262:402–428. PMID 3655019
  5. ^ Rivara CB, Sherwood CC, Bouras C, Hof PR. (2003) Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 270(2):137-51. PMID 12524689 free fulltext article (PDF) Extended HTML version

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Pyramidal cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (261 words)
Pyramidal cell from the cerebral cortex of a mouse.
A pyramidal cell (or pyramidal neuron, or projection neuron) is a multipolar neuron located in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
These cells have a triangularly shaped soma, or cell body, a single apical dendrite extending towards the pial surface, multiple basal dendrites, and a single axon.
Primary motor cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (874 words)
Betz cells), which send long axons to the contralateral motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
The Betz cells' along with their long axons are referred to as the upper motor neuron (UMN).
Not all body parts are equally represented by cell density in the motor area in proportion to their size in the body.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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