NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bhagavad Gita As It Is

The Bhagavad-Gita As It Is (BGAIS) is the translation and commentary of the Bhagavad Gita (BG) by A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). Bhagavad Gīta भगवद्गीता, composed ca the fifth - second centuries BC, is part of the epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhisma-Parva chapters 23–40. ... Srila Prabhupada under a painting of Krishna A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896–November 14, 1977) was born Abhay Charan De, in Calcutta, West Bengal. ... An acharya is a prominent guru, teacher and scholar who teaches by his own example (from Sanskrit achara, behavior). ... The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), popularly called Hare Krishna, is a new religious movement based on Gaudiya, Vaishnavism founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, referred to by followers as Prabhupada, in New York in 1966. ... The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) is a new religious movement based on Bengali, or more specifically Gaudiya, Vaishnavism founded by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, referred to by followers as His Divine Grace, in New York in 1966. ...

For each verse, the book includes the original devanagari script, a Roman transliteration, word-for-word Sanskrit-English meanings, a translation, and an extensive commentary based on Ramanuja Bhasya (in Sanskrit), Sarartha-varsini-tika (Sanskrit) by Visvanatha Chakravarti Thakura, Gita-bhusana-tika (Sanskrit) by Baladeva Vidyabhushana and Bhaktivinode Thakur's Bengali commentaries. Thus the BGAIS advocates bhakti toward Krishna, who is seen as identical to Vishnu, and opposes monistic interpretations. Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) DevanÄgarÄ« (à¤¦à¥‡à¤µà¤¨à¤¾à¤—à¤°à¥€ â€” in English pronounced ) (ISCII â€“ IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens, but also applicable to typography, math, and several geographic locations. ... The Sanskrit language ( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a classical language, but also an official language of India. ... English may refer to: The nation of England. ... Sri Ramanuja Acharya (1017 - 1137 AD) was an Indian philosopher and is recognized as the most important saint of Sri Vaishnavism. ... Visvanatha Chakravarti Thakura (1626? - 1708?) was a Gaudiya Vaishnava acharya born in the village of Deva-gram within Nadia_(district), West Bengal, India. ... Baladeva Vidyabhushana (? - ?) was a prominent Gaudiya Vaishnava acharya. ... Bhaktivinode Thakur (1838-1914), a prominent figure among the Gaudiya Vaishnavas of Bengal, was born Kedarnath Datta in the town of Birangara, Bengal, India. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bhakti is a Tamil or Sanskrit term from Hinduism that means devotion to god. ... Lord Krishna Krishna (à¤•à¥ƒà¤·à¥à¤£, Sanskrit for black. Also said to mean All Attractive), is, according to common Hindu tradition, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... For other uses of the name Vishnu, see Vishnu (disambiguation). ... Monism is the metaphysical view that all is of one essential essence, substance or energy. ...

Prabhupada wrote in the tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and the members of ISKCON consider the book authoritative and BG literally true (mukhya-vrtti). Like most Hindus they regard the BG as the essence of the Vedic knowledge and the Upanishads. Gaudiya Vaishnavism, (Bengal) Vaishnavism, is a sect of Hinduism founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Vedas are part of the Hindu Shruti; these religious scriptures form part of the core of the Brahminical and Vedic traditions within Hinduism and are the inspirational, metaphysical and mythological foundation for later Vedanta, Yoga, Tantra and even Bhakti forms of Hinduism. ... The Upanishads (à¤‰à¤ªà¤¨à¤¿à¤·à¤¦à¥, UpaniÅŸad) are part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism. ...

He grew up in Calcutta (Kolkata), where he attended Protestant-run Scottish_Church_College,_Calcutta between 1918 and 1920 and was exposed to Christian philosophy. This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Located at 1 & 3 Urquhart Square, Calcutta - 700006, the Scottish Church College is the oldest Missionary liberal arts and sciences academy in India. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... A Christian is a follower and believer in Jesus of Nazareth and the religion of Christianity. ...

This translation is probably the one most sold outside India due to the efforts of the conspicuous Hare Krishna devotees on the streets, in airports, and in other public places. The book also enjoys brisk sales within India. It has been published in fifty-seven languages, including French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Swedish, Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Croatian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Farsi, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu. Arabic (Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©) is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Persian (ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ), (local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: FÃ¢rsi), PÃ¢rsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain. ... Hindi (à¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥€) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ... This article is about the Bengali language. ... Gujarati (àª—à«àªœàª°àª¾àª¤à«€, also sometimes Gujrati) is a language native to the state of Gujarat in western India. ... Malayalam (à´®à´²à´¯à´¾à´³à´‚) is the major language of the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... The letter à®´à¯ is a consonant believed to be unique to Tamil and Malayalam Tamil is a classical language and one of the major languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. ... Telugu(à°¤à±†à°²à±à°—à±) belongs to the family of Dravidian languages and is the official language of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

The book offers guidance not only in directly spiritual questions but also in social matters. Socially, the BGAIS suggests a way of life derived from the Manu_Smriti and other books of Hindu religious and social law applied for the contemporary Western world. Human society should be divided into four Varna_(caste)s (brahmana - intellectuals, kshatriya - administrators, vaishya – merchants, shudra - workers), but, in contrast to common notions, one becomes a member of one of these groups not by birth but by one's personal qualities (guna) and the work (karma) one actually performs (BG 4.13). Society is best ruled by a benevolent kshatriya sovereign, who is to govern according to rules set by scriptural tradition and preserved by the brahmana priesthood representing a spiritual leadership. The kshatriya sovereign (like courts in many democratic states) may also order capital punishment. The Manu Smriti or Laws of Manu, is one of the eighteen Smritis of the Dharma Sastra (or laws of righteous conduct), written c. ... The word Caste is derived from the Portuguese word casta, meaning lineage, breed or race. ... The Brahmanas (Brahmin Books) are part of the Hindu Shruti; these religious scriptures focus on sacrifice -- particularly that of horses and soma. ... According to the Hindu code of Manu, a Kshatriya is a member of the military or reigning order, the second ranking caste of the Indian varna system of four castes, the first being the Brahmin or priestly caste, the third the Vaishya or mercantile caste and the lowest the Shudra. ... In the Hindu caste system, a Vaishya (Sanskrit vaiśya, female vaiśyā) is a member of the third of the four major castes of the varna system of traditional Indian society, comprising farmers, herders, merchants, and businessmen. ... Shudra, or Sudra, is the fourth caste, or varna, in the traditional four-caste division among Indian castes. ... The Sanskrit word guna (guṇa) has the basic meaning of string or a single thread or strand of a cord or twine. In more abstract uses, it may mean a subdivision, species, kind, and generally quality. In Classical literature In Classical literature (e. ... Karma (Sanskrit: à¤•à¤°à¥à¤®), or Kamma (Pali) is a sanskrit word and a concept of religions born in India (eastern religions), meaning action, effect, destiny. ... Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime. ...

Brahmanas, elders, women, children and cows should benefit from special protection. Animals, especially cows, should be preserved from slaughter. People should best become vegetarians and the economical basis of society should be agriculture. Look up Cow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Cow may refer to: Female dairy cattle, other bovines, or other large mammals including elephants and whales. ... For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ...

Married women should be "chaste and faithful" to men, and men in their turn should take responsibility and give both material and spiritual protection to women.

Society should be "Krishna conscious," devoted to Krishna (God) and engaged in spiritual activities. In a democracy, the people should elect God conscious leaders. Lord Krishna Krishna (à¤•à¥ƒà¤·à¥à¤£, Sanskrit for black. Also said to mean All Attractive), is, according to common Hindu tradition, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... The term God (capitalized in English language as a proper noun) is often used to refer vaguely to a Supreme Being. ...

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Categories: Hindu texts | Vaishnavism | Holy scripture | ISKCON This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Shruti (what is heard) is a canon of Hindu scriptures, early forms of which may have existed as early as 1500 BC, with most scholarship favoring dates between 1200 and 800 BC. Shruti is said to have no author; rather, it is believed to be a divine recording of the... The Vedas (also referred to as Vedam) are part of the Hindu Shruti; these religious scriptures form part of the core of the Brahminical and Vedic traditions within Hinduism and are the inspirational, metaphysical and mythological foundation for later Vedanta, Yoga, Tantra and even Bhakti forms of Hinduism. ... The Upanishads (à¤‰à¤ªà¤¨à¤¿à¤·à¤¦à¥, UpaniÅŸad) are part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious instructions by most schools of Hinduism. ... Bhagavad Gīta भगवद्गीता, composed ca the fifth - second centuries BC, is part of the epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhisma-Parva chapters 23–40. ... Itihasa (Sanskrit: thus verily happened) refers collectively to the epic Hindu scriptures, detailing the actions of divine incarnations on earth while interspersing them with often large sections of philosophical and ethical discourse. ... Lord Ram, Laxman, Sita and Hanuman(crouching) The Ramayana (Sanskrit: march (ayana) of Rama) is part of the Hindu smriti, written by Valmiki (c. ... The Mahabharata (Devanagari: à¤®à¤¹à¤¾à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤, phonetically MahÄbhÄrata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is one of the two major ancient Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the Ramayana. ... The Agamas are sectarian and monotheistic texts dedicated to worship of Vishnu, Shiva or Devi. ... Smriti (what is fit/deserves to be remembered) refers to a canon of Hindu religious scripture. ... The Tantras (Looms or Weavings), written between 500 and 1800, are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss rituals and meditation. ... Sutra (सूत्र) in Sanskrit is derived from the verb √siv, meaning to sew. ... The Puranas (Sanskrit purÄá¹‡Ã¡ ancient, since they focus on ancient history of the universe) are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss varied topics like devotion to God in his various aspects, traditional sciences like Ayurveda, Jyotish, cosmology, concepts like dharma, karma, reincarnation and many others. ... The Brahma sutra is the nyaya prasthana, the logical text that sets forth the philosophy systematically (nyaya - logic/order). ... Hatha Yoga Pradipika is a classic Sanskrit manual on Hatha Yoga, written by Swami Svatmarama. ... Smriti (what is fit/deserves to be remembered) refers to a canon of Hindu religious scripture. ... Tiruvalluvar statue at Kanyakumari Tirukural (à®¤à®¿à®°à¯à®•à¯à®•à¯à®±à®³à¯ in Tamil) is an important work of Tamil literature by Tiruvalluvar written in the form of couplets expounding various aspects of life. ... This article is in need of attention. ... In Hinduism, an avatar is the incarnation (bodily manifestation) of an Immortal Being, or of the Ultimate Supreme Being. ... Here the underlined vowels carry the Vedic Sanskrit udÄtta pitch accent. ... Dharma is a sanskrit word and a concept of eastern religions. ... Karma first came into being as a concept in Hinduism, largely based on the Vedas and Upanishads. ... Moksha (Sanskrit: liberation) or Mukti (Sanskrit: release) refers, in general, to liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth. ... Maya, in Hinduism, is many things. ... Ishta-Deva, or Ishta Devata is a term from Hinduism that means chosen Deity or revered aspect of God by a devotee and is a widely held concept in Smartism. ... Murti Worship Different sects of Hinduism, especially devotional/bhakti and tantric ones, have their own particular monotheistic conception of supreme Godhead from whom all other deities and principles emanate (such as Vishnu or Shiva, Krishna or Devi). ... Reincarnation, also called transmigration of souls, is the rebirth in another body (after physical death), of some critical part of a persons personality or spirit. ... In Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, samsara or saṃsāra refers to the concept of reincarnation or rebirth in Indian philosophical traditions. ... In Hinduism, the Trimurti (also called the Hindu trinity) are three aspects of God in His forms as Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. ... In early Hindu philosophy, turiya (also called caturtha) is a state of Pure Consciousness, or the experience of ultimate reality and truth. ... Hindu philosophy (one of the main divisions of Indian philosophy) is traditionally seen through the prism of six different systems (called darshanas in Sanskrit) that are listed here and makes up the main belief systems of Hinduism. ... Hinduism (Vedic dharma or Sanatana dharma) encompasses many movements and traditions (sampradaya). ... Early Hinduism is a term used to designate the religious development of India before the historical period. ... Samkhya, also Sankhya, (Sanskrit: सांख्य) is a school of Indian philosophy, and is one of the six astika or Hindu philosophical schools of India. ... Nyaya is the name given to one of the six orthodox or astika schools of Hindu philosophy - specifically the school of logic. ... Vaisheshika, also Vaisesika, (Sanskrit: वैशॆषिक)is one of the six Hindu schools of philosophy (orthodox Vedic systems) of India. ... Hatha Yoga posture Yoga is a form of mysticism that developed on the Indian subcontinent in the Hindu cultural context. ... The main objective of the Purva (earlier) Mimamsa school was to establish the authority of the Vedas. ... Vedanta (VedÄnta) is an important branch of Hindu philosophy and is a form of Jnana Yoga (one of the four basic yoga practices in Hinduism; the others are: Raja Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Karma Yoga), a form of yoga which involves an individual seeking the path of intellectual analysis or... Tantra (Sanskrit: loom) [The Sanskrit word tantra means to weave. Tibetan scholars translated the term as gyu (rgyud), which means continuity] , tantric yoga or tantrism is any of several esoteric traditions rooted in the religions of India. ... Bhakti yoga is the Hindu term for the spiritual practice of fostering of loving devotion to God, called bhakti Traditionally there are 9 forms of bhakti yoga. ... Jyotisha, or in its common Hindustani abbreviated form, Jyotish (referring to jyot, or light and isha, or lords) is traditionally understood in orthodox Hindu traditions as a contemplation of the patterns in which divinity expresses itself in the form of time and space. ... Ayurveda (आयुर्वेद Sanskrit: ayu—life; veda—knowledge of) or ayurvedic medicine is a more than 2,000 year old comprehensive system of medicine based on a holistic approach rooted in Vedic culture. ... A ritual is a formalised, predetermined set of symbolic actions generally performed in a particular environment at a regular, recurring interval. ... Aarti, ãrti, arathi, or ãrati is a Hindu ritual in which light from wicks soaked in ghee (purified butter) or camphor is offered to one or more deities. ... A bhajan or kirtan is a Hindu devotional song, often but not necessarily of ancient origin. ... Darshan is a Sanskrit Hindu term meaning sight or a glimpse of the divine. ... In Hinduism, diksha is the ritual of initiation into a monastic order. ... In Tibet, many Buddhists carve mantras into rocks as a form of devotion. ... PÅ«jÄ (alternative transliteration pooja, Sanskrit: reverence or worship, loosely) is a religious ritual which most Hindus perform every morning after bathing and dressing but prior to taking any food or drink. ... The company of the highest knowledge and Truth; the company of a Guru; contact with a person or an assembly of persons who listen to, talk about, and assimilate the Truth. ... Stotras are Hindu prayers that praise aspects of God, such as Devi, Siva, or Vishnu. ... In Hinduism, Yajna or Yagya (Sanskrit yajÃ±Ã¡ worship, prayer, praise; offering, oblation, sacrifice) is a ritual of sacrifice performed to please the Devas. ... A guru (à¤—à¥à¤°à¥‚ Sanskrit) is a teacher in Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism. ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Adi Shankara Adi Shankara (Shri Shankaracharya, Adhi Shankaracharya; the first Shankara in his lineage), reverentially called Bhagavatpada Acharya (the teacher at the feet of Lord) (very approximately 788â€“820 C.E., but see below) was the most famous Advaita philosopher, who had a profound influence on the growth of Hinduism... Sri Ramanuja Acharya (1017 - 1137 AD) was an Indian philosopher and is recognized as the most important saint of Sri Vaishnavism. ... Shri Madhvacharya,(1238-1317), was the chief propounder of the Dvaita or dualistic school of Hindu philosophy, one of the three influential Vedanta philosophies. ... Sri Thakur Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (February 18, 1836 - August 16, 1886) was a Bengali saint. ... Swami Vivekananda à¤¸à¥à¤µà¤¾à¤®à¥€ à¤µà¤¿à¤µà¥‡à¤•à¤¾à¤¨à¤¨à¥à¤¦ (whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta à¤¨à¤°à¥‡à¤¨à¥à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¨à¤¾à¤¥ à¤¦à¤¤à¥à¤¤) (January 12, 1863 â€“ July 4, 1902) is considered one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the Hindu religion. ... Narayana Guru Narayana Guru (नारायण गुरु) (1856 - 1928) was a great sage and social reformer of India. ... Sri Aurobindo Sri Aurobindo (August 15, 1872â€“December 5, 1950) was an Indian nationalist, scholar, poet, Hindu mystic, evolutionary philosopher, yogi and guru. ... Ramana Mahrishi as portrayed in a loving oil painting by Jayalakshmi Satyendra Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi is regarded by some as one of the greatest saints of Hinduism in the 20th century. ... This is an article on Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh. ... Swami Chinmayananda (स्‍वामी चिन्‍मयानन्‍द) (1916-1993) was born Balakrishna Menon (Balan) in Ernakulam, Kerala in a very devout Hindu family. ... Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (1927 - 2001), affectionately known as Gurudeva, was born in Oakland, California on January 5th, 1927. ... Swaminarayan (April 2, 1781 - 1830) was born Ghanshyam Maharaj to a brahmin family in the village of Chhapaiya, Uttar Pradesh. ... Srila Prabhupada under a painting of Krishna A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (September 1, 1896â€“November 14, 1977) was born Abhay Charan De, in Calcutta, West Bengal. ... Hinduism like any other major religion has many sects or denominations. ... Hinduism (Sanatana Dharma) encompasses many movements and schools organized within denominations (sampradayas). ... Vaishnavism is the branch of Hinduism in which Vishnu or one of his avatars (Catursana, Narad, Varaha, Matsya, Yajna, Nara-Narayana, Kapila, Dattatreya, Hayasirsa, Hamsa, Prsnigarbha, Rsabha, Prithu, Narasimha , Kurma, Dhanvantari, Mohini, Vamana, Parasurama, Raghavendra, Vyasa, Balarama, Krishna, Buddha, Kalki) is worshipped as the supreme God and is a monotheistic... Shaivism, also Saivism, is a branch of Hinduism that worships Siva as the Supreme God. ... Shaktism is a denomination of Hinduism that worships Shakti, the Divine Mother, in all of her forms whilst not rejecting the importance of masculine and neuter divinity. ... See also the Smartha page Smartism is a denomination of the religion of Hinduism and is closely affiliated with the Advaita tradition. ... Agama Hindu Dharma is the formal name of Hinduism in Indonesia. ... Hinduism is going through a phase or regeneration and reform through the vehicle of several contemporary movements. ... Scope The article presents a comparative overview of the leading Hindu organisations of India. ...

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