The Bible Student movement is the name adopted by a Protestant religious movement with premillennialist expectations that emerged from the teachings and ministry of Pastor Charles Taze Russell. Members of this movement generally referred to themselves "Bible Students". Charles Russell in 1911 The name Bible Students is used by many segments of what has been termed the Bible Student movement, all of whom follow the doctrinal views of Charles Taze Russell. ... The Associated Bible Students is the branch of the Bible Student movement that follows the most closely the teachings and views of Charles Taze Russell, also known as Pastor Russell. The Bible Students practice regular reading and study of the Bible and hold Bible Study classes utilizing the six volumes... The Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut, withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society in 1928 and changed their name to Christian Millennial Fellowship, others called themselves Free Bible Students, inferring that they no longer under the control of a man or organization. ... The Laymans Home Missionary Movement, founded by Paul S. L. Johnson in 1919, is a non-sectarian, interdenominational religious organisation that arose as an independent offshoot of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society after the death its founder, Charles Taze Russell. ... In the early history of Bible Students, a number of prominent brethren withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society after Judge Rutherford became the president of the Society, following the death of Pastor Russell. ... The Dawn Bible Students Association is a legal entity used by a branch of the Bible Student movement. ... The Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut, withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society in 1928 and changed their name to Christian Millennial Fellowship, others called themselves Free Bible Students, inferring that they no longer under the control of a man or organization. ... The Dawn is an religious magazine printed and published by Associated Bible Students via their Dawn Bible Students Association, East Rutherford, New York and branch offices around the world. ... In the early history of Bible Students, a number of prominent brethren withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society after Judge Rutherford became the president of the Society, following the death of Pastor Russell. ... The New Creation is a monthly illustrated Christian magazine, printed and published by Free Bible Students via their Christian Millennial Fellowship Inc. ... Frank and Ernest is the name of an international religious broadcast by the Dawn Bible Students Association that has been heard on many stations including Radio Luxembourg. ... The Studies in the Scriptures is a series of publications containing six volumes of great importance to the history of the Bible Students, and the early history of the Jehovahs Witnesses. ... The Photo-Drama of Creation, or Creation-Drama was a religious film (4 parts, altogether 8 hours) produced under the direction of Charles Taze Russell, the founder of the Bible Student movement. ... Charles Russell in 1911 Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), known as Pastor Russell, was an American evangelist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who founded what is known as the Bible Student movement. ... Paul Samuel Leo Johnson Paul Samuel Leo (formerly Levitsky) Johnson (1873 – 1950) was an american scholar and pastor, the founder of the Laymans Home Missionary Movement. ... William Miller William Miller (1782 - 1849) was an American Baptist preacher, whose followers have been termed Millerites. ... Nelson H. Barbour, (1824-1905) a Millerite Adventist (see Millerites) born in Throopsville (misspelled Toupsville in a newspaper profile), a village near Auburn, New York. ... Elder Jonas Wendell (December 25, 1815 - August 14, 1873) of Edenboro, Pennsylvania, was a zealous Adventist preacher following in the spirit of William Miller. ... This article is about a reading of the name of God in Hebrew scripture. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Nontrinitarianism refers to Christian... The term ransom refers to the practice of holding a prisoner to extort money or property extorted to secure their release, or to the sum of money involved. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      A current... In Hebrew, ²² Sheol (שאול, Shol) is the abode of the dead, the underworld, the common grave of humankind or pit.[1] In the Hebrew Bible, it is a place beneath the earth, beyond gates, where both the bad and the good, slave and king, pious and wicked must go at... Look up Resurrection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Various Religious symbols, including (first row) Christian, Jewish, Hindu, Bahai, (second row) Islamic, tribal, Taoist, Shinto (third row) Buddhist, Sikh, Hindu, Jain, (fourth row) Ayyavazhi, Triple Goddess, Maltese cross, pre-Christian Slavonic Religion is the adherence to codified beliefs and rituals that generally involve a faith in a spiritual... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about Premillennialism in Christian... Charles Russell in 1911 Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), known as Pastor Russell, was an American evangelist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who founded what is known as the Bible Student movement. ... Charles Russell in 1911 The name Bible Students is used by many segments of what has been termed the Bible Student movement, all of whom follow the doctrinal views of Charles Taze Russell. ...

Following a widespread schism which emerged after Russell's death the majority of members ceased fellowship with the Watch Tower Society which he had founded. Those who left came to form their own independent religious fellowships, all of whom still refer to themselves as Bible Students. Those that remained in fellowship with the Society eventually adopted the name Jehovah's Witnesses. Bible Students worldwide are numbered at more than 30,000, while worldwide membership among the Jehovah's Witnesses numbers in the millions. A number of corporations are in use by Jehovahs Witnesses. ...

Early history

In addition to Russell, early figures and influences included:

• Nelson H. Barbour (1824-1905)
• John Nelson Darby (1800-1882)
• Henry Dunn (1801-1878)
• Dunbar Isidore Heath (1816-1888)
• George Stetson (1814-1879)
• R. E. Streeter (1847-1924)
• Jonas Wendell (1815-1873)
• George Storrs

Nelson H. Barbour, (1824-1905) a Millerite Adventist (see Millerites) born in Throopsville (misspelled Toupsville in a newspaper profile), a village near Auburn, New York. ... For other persons named John Darby, see John Darby (disambiguation). ... Elder Jonas Wendell (December 25, 1815 - August 14, 1873) of Edenboro, Pennsylvania, was a zealous Adventist preacher following in the spirit of William Miller. ...

Jehovah's Witnesses

Main article: Jehovah's Witnesses

Main article: International Bible Students Association

Following the death of Pastor Russell in October, 1916 and the subsequent controversial election of Joseph "Judge" Rutherford in 1917 as the second president of the Watch Tower Society, a widespread schism arose among Bible Students which split the neo-Protestant/Adventist fellowship over the period of 1918 to 1928. Image File history File links Watchtower-brooklyn. ... As of August 2005, Jehovahs Witnesses have a reported membership of more than 6. ... The Organizational Structure of Jehovahs Witnesses is a religious hierarchy. ... The Governing Body of Jehovahs Witnesses is a body of elders who oversee all the activities of the denomination. ... A number of corporations are in use by Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Bible verses quoted from the New World Translation except where noted The spiritual authority among Jehovahs Witnesses is vested in the Faithful and Discreet Slave, which is a term used to refer to the remaining (living) portion of the group of 144,000 people with a heavenly hope. ... The history of Jehovahs Witnesses dates from 1872 when Charles Taze Russell began to lead a Bible study group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ... Jehovahs Witnesses have known several schisms throughout their history. ... Jehovahs Witnesses face legal or governmental opposition in many countries. ... Internationally there have been numerous Supreme Court cases involving Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Throughout the history of Jehovahs Witnesses, their beliefs, doctrines and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from the local governments, communities, or religious groups. ... Main article: Persecution of Jehovahs Witnesses Nazi renunciation document Jehovahs Witnesses endured intense persecution under the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945. ... Jehovahs Witnesses have beliefs and practices that are commonly regarded as controversial; by mainstream Christians for their doctrines that differ from mainstream Christianity; by governments for their refusal to participate in patriotic activities; and by the general public for their beliefs about blood transfusions and their treatment of members... The following reflects the current beliefs and practices of Jehovahs Witnesses. ... This article is about a reading of the name of God in Hebrew scripture. ... See also main article Controversies regarding Jehovahs Witnesses The eschatology of Jehovahs Witnesses is central to their religious beliefs. ... It has been suggested that Jehovahs Witnesses: Controversial Issues be merged into this article or section. ... Jehovahs Witnesses employ various levels of congregational discipline as formal controls administered by leaders of the congregation. ... Jehovahs Witnesses have produced a large amount of literature. ... Jehovahs Witnesses offer copies of The Watchtower from door to door or, where approval is given, where people might read them. ... Awake! magazine, February 2007 Awake! (ISSN 0005-237X) is a general-interest magazine published by Jehovahs Witnesses. ... The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (NWT) is a modern-language translation of the Bible published by Jehovahs Witnesses, specifically Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. ... Charles Russell in 1911 Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), known as Pastor Russell, was an American evangelist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who founded what is known as the Bible Student movement. ... William Miller William Miller (1782 - 1849) was an American Baptist preacher, whose followers have been termed Millerites. ... Nelson H. Barbour, (1824-1905) a Millerite Adventist (see Millerites) born in Throopsville (misspelled Toupsville in a newspaper profile), a village near Auburn, New York. ... Elder Jonas Wendell (December 25, 1815 - August 14, 1873) of Edenboro, Pennsylvania, was a zealous Adventist preacher following in the spirit of William Miller. ... Joseph Franklin Rutherford 8 November 1869—8 January 1942, best known as Judge Rutherford, was the second president of the Watchtower Society, the legal entity used by Bible Students and subsequently Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Nathan Homer Knorr (April 23, 1905 - June 8, 1977) was the third president of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society doing so on January 13, 1942, replacing Joseph Franklin Rutherford, who had served in the position since 1916. ... Frederick William Franz - (12 September 1893–22 December 1992) served as President of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, the legal organization used to direct the work of Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Milton George Henschel (August 9, 1920 - March 22, 2003) was the person who succeded Frederick W. Franz as the president of Watchtower Society. ... Don A. Adams is the current president of the Watch Tower Society, the most important of the Legal instruments of Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Hayden C. Covington (January 19, 1911 - November 19, 1978) was legal counsel for the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society during one of its most difficult periods in the mid-20th century. ... Alexander Hugh Macmillan (June 2 1877-August 26, 1966), also referred to as A. H. Macmillan, was an important member of the Bible Students, later known as Jehovah’s Witnesses. ... The International Bible Students Association is a corporation used by Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Charles Russell in 1911 Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), known as Pastor Russell, was an American evangelist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania who founded what is known as the Bible Student movement. ... Joseph Franklin Rutherford 8 November 1869—8 January 1942, best known as Judge Rutherford, was the second president of the Watchtower Society, the legal entity used by Bible Students and subsequently Jehovahs Witnesses. ... The term Adventist can refer to One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second coming) of Jesus. ...

In 1931, the Bible Students who remained affiliated with the organization under Rutherford adopted the name Jehovah's Witnesses, a name taken from a scripture in the book of Isaiah - "'Ye are my witnesses,' saith Jehovah, and I am God.'" (The term "Jehovah's witness" had previously appeared in print prior to 1931 but solely in reference to the Great Pyramid of Giza which Bible Students believe is prophetically mentioned in scripture). Bible Students who refused to recognize the Watch Tower Society's new claim to be God's sole mouthpiece on earth were condemned as heretical and thereafter referred to as apostates or servants of "the evil slave" of Matthew 24:48.^[1] Jehovah's Witnesses are instructed to be wary of any association with Bible Students or any groups that disagree with the Watchtower Society. They are taught that any such association may result in receiving God's wrath and a possibility of losing the prospect of eternal life. Apostasy (Greek απο, apo, away, apart, στασις, stasis, standing) is the formal renunciation of ones religion. ...

Although the schism resulted in nearly three-quarters of the original membership leaving the organization, Rutherford and his Board of Directors maintained full control of the official organs of the Bible Society itself, including its offices, publications, and official journal, The Watchtower. For other uses, see Watchtower (disambiguation). ...

Associated Bible Students

Main article: Associated Bible Students

Many of the Bible Student congregations which hold to the writings and views of Pastor Russell casually refer to themselves under the generic title "Associated Bible Students". All congregations are autonomous, but despite use of this title may not necessarily have contact with others. Those using this name are the largest segment resulting from the massive exodus (75%) from the Watchtower Society in the decade following Russell's death in 1916. This occurred after Joseph Franklin Rutherford was elected the new president, and began changing the doctrinal platform and organizational structure Russell had supported. The Associated Bible Students is the branch of the Bible Student movement that follows the most closely the teachings and views of Charles Taze Russell, also known as Pastor Russell. The Bible Students practice regular reading and study of the Bible and hold Bible Study classes utilizing the six volumes... The Associated Bible Students is the branch of the Bible Student movement that follows the most closely the teachings and views of Charles Taze Russell, also known as Pastor Russell. The Bible Students practice regular reading and study of the Bible and hold Bible Study classes utilizing the six volumes... A number of corporations are in use by Jehovahs Witnesses. ... Joseph Franklin Rutherford 8 November 1869—8 January 1942, best known as Judge Rutherford, was the second president of the Watchtower Society, the legal entity used by Bible Students and subsequently Jehovahs Witnesses. ...

In 1917 four members of the Board of Directors for the Watch Tower Society were expelled by Rutherford on a legal technicality that would have equally applied to him.^[2] The Directors took issue with Rutherford's actions for numerous reasons and insisted he was violating Pastor Russell's will.^[3]

In 1918 they sponsored and held the first Bible Student Convention independent of the Watch Tower Society. At the second convention a few months later, the informal Pastoral Bible Institute was founded. They began publishing The Herald of Christ’s Kingdom, edited by R. E. Streeter. Although the magazine continues to be published today [1], the Pastoral Bible Institute is essentially defunct, with only an editorial committee publishing the magazine. In the early history of Bible Students, a number of prominent brethren withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society after Judge Rutherford became the president of the Society, following the death of Pastor Russell. ...

The Australian Berean Bible Institute also formally separated from the Watchtower Society in 1918. They published The Voice and the People's Paper magazine. Offshoot congregations of the BBI still exist, but the number of all Bible Students in Australia is variously estimated at less than 100.

In December 1918, Charles E. Heard, and some others, considered Rutherford's recommendation to buy war bonds a perversion of Russell's pacifist teachings, and contrary to scripture. As a result, they founded the StandFast Bible Students Association in Portland, Oregon. The name originated from their decision to “stand fast" on war principles that Pastor Russell had espoused. Opposed to public witnessing, they eventually dwindled in numbers, and then completely dissolved, but not without giving birth to a splinter group known as the Elijah Voice Society, founded by John A. Herdersen and C. D. McCray in 1923. They were especially noted for their witnessing and pacifist activity. Categories: Stub ... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes or gaining advantage. ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - City 376. ...

Charles Russell in 1911

In 1928 Norman Woodworth, cousin of C.J. Woodworth, left the Watch Tower Society after having been involved with their radio ministry, to create an independent Bible Student radio program Frank and Ernest. Funding was provided with the help of the Brooklyn Bible Students Ecclesia (congregation). In 1929 they sponsored and held the First Annual Reunion Convention of Bible Students at the old Bible House used by Pastor Russell in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (477x610, 186 KB)Photograph of Charles Taze Russell, 1911 Eric Patterson http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (477x610, 186 KB)Photograph of Charles Taze Russell, 1911 Eric Patterson http://www. ... Frank and Ernest is a comic strip created and illustrated by Bob Thaves. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

In 1931 the Dawn Bible Students Association was founded (by Norman Woodworth among others) for the sole purpose of resuming publication of the Studies in the Scriptures series that the Watch Tower Society had officially ceased publishing in 1927. The Dawn began publication of a leaflet called The Bible Students Radio Echo as a method of following up the immense interest in the radio program. This publication was soon made into a 16-page magazine and renamed The Dawn—A Herald of Christ’s Presence. Today, they carry on with publishing work, as well as radio, television, and internet radio programs. Over the past thirty years controversy has surrounded the Dawn as their publishing and editorial committee began to espouse more liberal points of view, pulling away from some of Pastor Russell's viewpoints, and alienating many Bible Students as a result. The Dawn Bible Students Association is a legal entity used by a branch of the Bible Student movement. ... The Studies in the Scriptures is a series of publications containing six volumes of great importance to the history of the Bible Students, and the early history of the Jehovahs Witnesses. ... The Dawn is an religious magazine printed and published by Associated Bible Students via their Dawn Bible Students Association, East Rutherford, New York and branch offices around the world. ...

In 1974 a group of Bible Students meeting at a Convention in Fort Collins, Colorado formally decided to cease their spiritual fellowship with, and financial support of, the Dawn Bible Students Association for this very reason. Although not an offshoot group per se, they refer to themselves as "Independent Bible Students". The split was not intended to eliminate or restrict personal fellowship, but rather was viewed as a 'stand for the truth' by ceasing sponsorship of elders associated with the Dawn, and avoiding attendance at conventions held by congregations that supported the Dawn. In recent years attempts have been made to bring the two sides back together, with varying results. A committee that had been formed at the 1974 Convention decided to begin publishing a monthly non-doctrinal Bible Student news and information magazine, called The Bible Students Newsletter. It has become what is now the most widely distributed publication among all Bible Students worldwide. Horsetooth Rock, atop Horsetooth Mountain, is often used as a symbol of Fort Collins Fort Collins, situated on the Cache la Poudre River, is the largest city and county seat of Larimer County, Colorado. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ...

Each congregation, referred to as an "ecclesia", is independent and under no central leadership, yet most of the well established Bible Student congregations and members remain firmly united and strongly linked. Each ecclesia elects their own elders and deacons. Many ecclesias sponsor yearly conventions which consist of Bible discourses, panel discussions, vesper services, and testimony meetings. These services are each led by one of usually three to six elders who travel from their hometown (usually in the US or Canada) after accepting an invitation to serve that ecclesias' convention for that year. The general public is invited, but the majority in attendance are Bible Students from surrounding areas, or those who have traveled from abroad in an attempt to support and encourage one another. Depending upon the convention, and its physical location, total attendance is usually around one hundred. The yearly Indiana-Ohio convention (known as I-O), the Dawn General Convention (held in July), both of the Chicago Bible Student's New Year's and Memorial Day conventions, and The International Convention (held biennially in Europe in August during even years) see the largest overall attendance. For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Free Bible Students

Main article: Christian Millennial Fellowship

M.L. McPhail, a traveling elder (known as a "Pilgrim") and member of the Chicago Bible Students, disassociated himself from Russell's movement in 1909 when controversy arose over Russell's expanded view of the application and timing of the "New Covenant" mentioned by Jeremiah, and led the New Covenant Bible Students in the United States, founding the New Covenant Believers in that very year. The group published The Kingdom Scribe magazine until 1975. The group still exists today under the name Berean Bible Students Church. The Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut, withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society in 1928 and changed their name to Christian Millennial Fellowship, others called themselves Free Bible Students, inferring that they no longer under the control of a man or organization. ...

In 1928 the Italian Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut withdrew its support from the Watch Tower Society and changed its name to the Millennial Bible Students Church, then eventually to Christian Millennial Fellowship, Inc. In time they came to reject many of Russell's writings as erroneous. This Christian community is now located in New Jersey and call themselves "Free Bible Students". The group have published The New Creation magazine since 1940. The Bible Students Association in Hartford, Connecticut, withdrew their support from the Watchtower Society in 1928 and changed their name to Christian Millennial Fellowship, others called themselves Free Bible Students, inferring that they no longer under the control of a man or organization. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The New Creation is a monthly illustrated Christian magazine, printed and published by Free Bible Students via their Christian Millennial Fellowship Inc. ...

Layman's Home Missionary Movement

Main article: Layman's Home Missionary Movement

Paul S. L. Johnson, a very close friend and confidant of Pastor Russell, founded the Layman's Home Missionary Movement in 1919 as a result of Rutherford's condemnations of his actions, views, and beliefs. Johnson's death in 1950 lead to internal disagreements, and resulted in the formation of splinter group of their own, such as the Epiphany Bible Students Association, and the Laodicean Home Missionary Movement. Johnson eventually came to believe that he was the last member of the 144,000 of Revelation 7, and that with his death all chance for a heavenly reward of immortality offered to the Christian faithful had ceased. His associate and successor, Raymond Jolly, taught that he was himself the last member of the "great multitude", also of Revelation 7. Upon his death all remaining members of this fellowship ceased any thought of entering heaven, and believed they would instead live upon a perfected earth in God's Kingdom as a group referred to as the "modern worthies", associates of the "ancient worthies" – the ancient Jewish prophets which God will resurrect in Israel to guide and instruct the world in his Kingdom. In 2006, Layman's Home Missionary Movement have an average of 16.000^[4] members. The Laymans Home Missionary Movement, founded by Paul S. L. Johnson in 1919, is a non-sectarian, interdenominational religious organisation that arose as an independent offshoot of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society after the death its founder, Charles Taze Russell. ... Paul Samuel Leo Johnson Paul Samuel Leo (formerly Levitsky) Johnson (1873 – 1950) was an american scholar and pastor, the founder of the Laymans Home Missionary Movement. ... The Laymans Home Missionary Movement, founded by Paul S. L. Johnson in 1919, is a non-sectarian, interdenominational religious organisation that arose as an independent offshoot of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society after the death its founder, Charles Taze Russell. ... 144,000 is a positive whole integer between 100,000 and 200,000. ... Revelation of the Last Judgment by Jacob de Backer Revelation is an uncovering or disclosure via communication from the divine of something that has been partially or wholly hidden or unknown, which could not be known apart from the unveiling (Goswiller 1987 p. ...

Other groups

In 1917 Alexander F.L. Freytag, Branch manager of the Swiss Watch Tower Society since 1898, founded the Angel of Jehovah Bible and Tract Society (also known as the Philanthropic Assembly of the Friends of Man and The Church of the Kingdom of God, Philanthropic Assembly). When he started publishing his own personal views he was ousted from the Watch Tower Society by Rutherford in 1919. He published two journals, the monthly The Monitor of the Reign of Justice and the weekly Paper for All.

Jesse Hemery was one of the most prominent Bible Students of England, and had been appointed president of the International Bible Students Association by Pastor Russell in 1901, holding that post until 1946. In 1951 he was disfellowshipped by N.H. Knorr and then founded the Goshen Fellowship. He died in 1955, and the group is currently led by Frank Lewis Brown. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The International Bible Students Association is a corporation used by Jehovahs Witnesses. ...

References

1. ^ The Golden Age, A Journal of Fact Hope and Courage, Vol. 12, No. 308, pages 655-657; The Golden Age, A Journal of Fact Hope and Courage, Vol. 13, No. 315, pages 21-27; both (1931) published by the "Watchtower Bible & Tract Society", Brooklyn, NY
2. ^ Rutherford dismissed the four directors by claiming that they had never been confirmed as directors at an annual corporation meeting. A. H. Macmillan claimed that Rutherford conferred with an outside lawyer who agreed that they could be dismissed for that reason. (Α. H. MacMillan, Faith on the March, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1957, p. 80.) The four deposed directors published their own tracts entitled "Light After Darkness" and "Facts for Shareholders of the Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society" that contained, among other things, a legal opinion, also from an outside lawyer, who expressed a view contrary to, and non-supportive of Rutherford's, indicating their dismissal was in fact illegal and manifested Rutherford's misinterpretation of the corporate laws of New York and Pennsylvania. Rutherford then published his own rebuttal in "Harvest Siftings" and "Harvest Siftings Reviewed". This act further disturbed many Bible Students who believed that he should not have used the printing presses of the Society and its mailing list to publish his personal views, believing it to be an unscriptural act, and having understood that Pastor Russell's Will indicated no new publications were to be published following his death.
3. ^ Marley Cole, "Jehovah’s Witnesses – The New World Society" (New York: Vantage Press, 1955) pp. 86-89: "Four directors wanted a reorganization.... As things stood the president was the administration. He was not consulting them. He was letting them know what he was doing only after it was done. He was putting them in the position of advisers on legal corporate matters". The book was written by Cole, an active Witness, as if he were a non-Witness, and was published by an outside publishing firm to reach people that would not take Society literature, but it was sold by the Watchtower too ("The Watchtower August 15 1955, p. 511).
4. ^ Present Truth February, 2006, p. 9-13.

For other uses, see February (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Jehovah's Witnesses splinter groups
• History of Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovahs Witnesses have known several schisms throughout their history. ... The history of Jehovahs Witnesses dates from 1872 when Charles Taze Russell began to lead a Bible study group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ...

External links

• Official Russell website run by Bible Students
• Associated Bible Students of Jersey City, NJ
• Dawn Bible Students Association
• Free Bible Students
• History of the Bible Student Movement
• History of the Bible Students Movement from Biblestudents.net
• Jehovah's Witnesses
• Layman's Home Missionary Movement
• Pastoral Bible Institute