Bike wheelbase, head angle, fork offset, and trail Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration. Primary among these are wheelbase, steering axis angle, fork offset, and trail. These parameters have a major influence on how a bike handles. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
A simplified mathematical model of bike and rider Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles. ...
Wheelbase
Wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers (or the ground contact points) of the front and rear wheels. Wheelbase is a function of rear frame length, steering axis angle, and fork offset. It is similar to the term wheelbase used for automobiles and trains. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Wheelbase has a major influence on the longitudinal stability of a bike, along with the height of the center of gravity. Short bikes are much more likely to perform wheelies and stoppies. A simplified mathematical model of bike and rider Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles. ...
An R/C truck pops a wheelie after a jump. ...
The stoppie, also known as the endo, is a motorcycle and bike trick in which the back wheel is lifted and the bike is ridden on the front wheel. ...
Steering axis angle The steering axis angle, also called caster angle, is the angle that the steering axis makes with the horizontal or vertical, depending on convention. The steering axis is the axis about which the steering mechanism (fork, handlebars, front wheel, etc.) pivots. θ is the caster angle, red line is the pivot line, grey area is the tire Caster (or castor) angle is the angular displacement from the vertical axis of the suspension of a steered wheel in a car or other vehicle, measured in the longitudinal direction. ...
A sphere rotating around its axis. ...
In bicycles, the steering axis angle is called the head angle and is measured clock-wise from the horizontal when viewed from the right side. A 90° head angle would be vertical. For example, Lemond[1] offers:
- a 2007 Filmore, designed for the track, with a head angle that varies from 72.5° to 74° depending on frame size
- a 2006 Tete de Course, designed for road racing, with a head angle that varies from 71.25° to 74°, depending on frame size.
In motorcycles, the steering axis angle is called the rake and is measured counter-clock-wise from the vertical when viewed from the right side. A 0° rake would be vertical. For example, Moto Guzzi[2] offers: - a 2007 Breva V 1100 with a rake of 25°30’ (25 degrees and 30 minutes)
- a 2007 Nevada Classic 750 with a rake of 27.5° (27.5 degrees)
Fork offset The fork offset is the perpendicular distance from the steering axis to the center of the front wheel.
In bicycles, fork offset is also called fork rake. Virtually all road racing bicycle forks have an offset of 43-45mm due to the almost-standard frame geometry and 700c wheels, so racing forks are widely interchangeable. bicycle fork A bicycle fork is the portion of a bicycle that holds the front wheel and allows one to steer. ...
In motorcycles with telescopic fork tubes, fork offset can be implemented by either an offset in the triple tree, adding a rake angle (usually measured in degrees from 0) to the fork tubes as they mount into the triple tree, or a combination of the two.[3] Other, less-common motorcycle forks, such as trailing link or leading link forks, can implement offset by the length of link arms. The fork tube holds a motorcycles front wheel. ...
A triple tree is a two-part motorcycle component that attaches the fork tubes to the frame to comprise the fork and make steering possible. ...
1968 BMW R60US with conventional telescopic fork Yamahas inverted telescopic fork The worlds first oil-damped telescopic fork, on a 1939 BMW R12 Trailing link fork on a 1928 BMW R57 Unusual trailing bottom link on a Honda Rune Earles front forks on three BMWs BMW Telelever fork...
Trail Trail is the horizontal distance from where the steering axis intersects the ground to where the front wheel touches the ground. The measurement is considered positive if the front wheel ground contact point is behind (towards the rear of the bike) of the steering axis intersection with the ground. Bike wheelbase, head angle, fork offset, and trail Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration. ...
Trail is often cited as an important determinant of bicycle handling characteristics [1], and is sometimes listed in bicycle manufacturers' geometry data, although Wilson and Papodopoulos argue that mechanical trail may be a more important and informative variable. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 458 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (464 × 607 pixel, file size: 90 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) author: Matthew Grimm fair use rationale: I created it and hereby release it to the public domain use: it is meant to be used to illustrate...
Bike wheelbase, head angle, fork offset, and trail Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration. ...
Trail is a function of head angle, fork offset or rake, and wheel size. Their relationship can be described by this formula.[4]: bicycle fork A bicycle fork is the portion of a bicycle that holds the front wheel and allows one to steer. ...
where Rw wheel radius, Ah is the head angle measured clock-wise from the horizontal and Of is the fork offset or rake. Trail can be increased by increasing the wheel size, decreasing or slackening the head angle, or decreasing the fork rake or offset. Trail decreases as head angle increases (becomes steeper), as fork offset increases, or as wheel diameter decreases. bicycle fork A bicycle fork is the portion of a bicycle that holds the front wheel and allows one to steer. ...
Motorcyclists tend to speak of trail in relation to rake angle. The larger the rake angle the larger the trail. Note that, on a bicycle, as rake angle increases, head angle decreases. Rake may refer to various angles, usually from the vertical, such as the angle a ships mast makes with the vertical when seen from the side. ...
Trail can vary as the bike leans or steers. In the case of traditional geometry, trail decreases (and wheelbase increases if measuring distance between ground contact points and not hubs) as the bike leans and steers in the direction of the lean.[5]
At least one motorcycle, the MotoCzysz C1, has a fork with adjustable trail, from 89mm to 101mm.[6] MotoCzysz is a Portland, Oregon based motorcycle company that had intended to compete in the MotoGP.[1] The now-retired C1 prototype had an engine with perfect balance that did not need to make use of a balance shaft, a slipper clutch with twin clutches, a unique front suspension, and...
Mechanical trail Mechanical trail is the perpendicular distance between the steering axis and the point of contact between the front wheel and the ground. It may also be referred to as normal trail[5]. Bike wheelbase, head angle, fork offset, and trail Bicycle and motorcycle geometry is the collection of key measurements (lengths and angles) that define a particular bike configuration. ...
Although the scientific understanding of bicycle steering remains incomplete [7], mechanical trail is certainly one of the most important variables in determining the handling characteristics of a bicycle. A higher mechanical trail is known to make a bicycle easier to ride "no hands" and thus more subjectively stable, but skilled and alert riders may have more path control if the mechanical trail is lower.[8]
Legal requirements The state of North Dakota (USA) actually has minimum and maximum requirements on rake and trail for "manufacture, sale, and safe operation of a motorcycle upon public highways."[9] Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area Ranked 19th - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 340 miles (545 km) - % water 2. ...
"4. All motorcycles, except three-wheel motorcycles, must meet the following specifications in relationship to front wheel geometry:
- MAXIMUM: Rake: 45 degrees - Trail: 14 inches [35.56 centimeters] positive
- MINIMUM: Rake: 20 degrees - Trail: 2 inches [5.08 centimeters] positive
Manufacturer's specifications must include the specific rake and trail for each motorcycle or class of motorcycles and the terms "rake" and "trail" must be defined by the director by rules adopted pursuant to chapter 28-32."
Other aspects For other aspects of geometry, such as ergonomics or intended use, see the Bicycle frame article. For motorcycles the other main geometric parameters are seat height and relative foot peg and handlebar placement. Steel frame and carbon fiber fork of 2000 LeMond Zurich racing bicycle. ...
A variety of parked motorcycles A motorcycle or motorbike is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle powered by an engine. ...
References For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
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For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
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For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also A simplified mathematical model of bike and rider Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics is the science of the motion of bicycles and motorcycles. ...
bicycle fork A bicycle fork is the portion of a bicycle that holds the front wheel and allows one to steer. ...
Steel frame and carbon fiber fork of 2000 LeMond Zurich racing bicycle. ...
1968 BMW R60US with conventional telescopic fork Yamahas inverted telescopic fork The worlds first oil-damped telescopic fork, on a 1939 BMW R12 Trailing link fork on a 1928 BMW R57 Unusual trailing bottom link on a Honda Rune Earles front forks on three BMWs BMW Telelever fork...
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