Bilingual (English/French) stop sign on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. An example of bilingualism at the federal government level.

Bilingual (French/English) sign for Preston Street (rue Preston) in Ottawa, placed above a sign marking that the street is in Little Italy. An example of bilingualism at the municipal government level.

Official Bilingualism in Canada refers to laws and policies that makes both English and French the official languages of Canada, mandating that the federal government – and some other levels of government – provide certain services and communication to the public in both English and French. Image File history File links Bilingualstopsign. ... Image File history File links Bilingualstopsign. ... Stop sign used in English-speaking countries, as well as in the European Union Former British stop sign consisting of red Give Way triangle inside a circle. ... Centre Block, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Canada Parliament Hill, (French Colline du Parlement), -The Hill for locals- is a scenic location on the banks of the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Canada. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government  - Mayor Larry OBrien  - City Council Ottawa City Council  - Representatives 8... Image File history File linksMetadata Corso_Italia_Ottawa_street_sign. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Corso_Italia_Ottawa_street_sign. ... Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Location of the City of Ottawa in the Province of Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Established 1850 as Town of Bytown Incorporated 1855 as City of Ottawa Amalgamated January 1, 2001 Government  - Mayor Larry OBrien  - City Council Ottawa City Council  - Representatives 8... Little Italy is a neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, situated in Centretown and the cultural center of Ottawas Italian community. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Official languages are addressed in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (sections 16 to 23), in the Official Languages Act, and Official Language Regulations ^[1]. These laws establish the equality of status of English and French in federal institutions and guarantee the rights of English or French linguistic minorities in Canada. The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ... The Official Languages Act of 1969 is an Act of Parliament which recognizes English and French as the official languages of Canada. ...

The population of the country itself is by a large majority monolingual as only 17.65% of Canadians can speak both English and French.^[2] The bilingual policies of the government are controversial to many, especially to those who support the Quebec sovereignty movement, and to many conservatives. Monoglottism (Greek monos, alone, solitary, + glotta, tongue, language) is the condition of being able to speak only a single language. ... The Quebec sovereignty movement is a political movement aimed at attaining independent statehood (sovereignty) for the Canadian province of Quebec. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

At the provincial level, only New Brunswick is officially bilingual (under section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms), though all provinces offer some services and education up to high school/secondaire, in both official languages. All three territories are officially bilingual. Several aboriginal languages are also official in Northwest Territories, and Inuktitut is an official language in Nunavut. Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st... (1) English and French are the official languages of Canada and have the equality of status and equal rights and privileges as to their use in all institutions of the Parliamnet and government of Canada. ... The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ... Motto: none Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłįchǫ [1] Government - Commissioner Tony Whitford - Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 - Senate seats 1 Confederation 1870... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation...

Federal Legislation on Official Languages

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Main article: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

English and French have had a constitutionally-guaranteed position in the Canadian constitution since 1867. The official status of the two languages was updated and strengthened under sections 16-23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is the most important part of the Constitution Act, 1982. The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ... The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.)) is a part of the Constitution of Canada. ...

Sections 16 to 22 of the Charter of Rights deal with official languages. These sections strengthen the equality of status of French and English in the Parliament and government of Canada that had been only partly established under the 1867 constitution. The Charter guarantees the equal status of both languages in Parliament, in all federal government institutions, and in federal courts. It also mandates that all statutes, records and journals of Parliament be published in both languages, with the English and French versions both holding equal status before the courts. Finally, Section 20 guarantees the right of the Canadian public to communicate in English and French with any central government office or with regional offices where there is significant demand. Similar provisions are defined for the Government of New Brunswick, making this province the only official bilingual province in Canada^[3]. Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st...

Section 23 deals with Minority Language Educational Rights. It guarantees (1) members of the English or French linguistic minority population of a province, or (2) to those who received their primary school instruction in English or French in Canada, primary and secondary school instruction in their own language where the numbers warrant ^[4].

Official Languages Act

Main article: Official Languages Act (Canada)

A bilingual sign in Quebec.

The Official Languages Act was adopted by the Parliament of Canada in 1988 to address three basic policy objectives: (1) to ensure the respect of Charter provisions ensuring respect of English and French as official languages and of their equal status; (2) to specify the powers, duties and functions of federal institutions relevant to official languages; (3) to support the development of linguistic minority communities ^[5] The Official Languages Act of 1969 is an Act of Parliament which recognizes English and French as the official languages of Canada. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1568x1100, 259 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Canada Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1568x1100, 259 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Canada Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ...

In addition to formalizing Charter provisions in sections I through IV, the Act adopts several specific measures to achieve these objectives. ^[6]. For example, Part V specifies that the work environment in federal institutions in the National Capital Region (Canada) and other prescribed bilingual regions be conducive to accommodating the use of French and English at work^[7]. Part VI mandates that English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians not be discriminated against based on ethnic origin or first language learned when it comes to employment opportunities and advancement. ^[8]. The National Capital Region is an informal designation for the Census Metropolitan Area consisting of the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, the neighbouring city of Gatineau, Quebec and the surrounding area. ...

Finally, the Act establishes a Commissioner of Official Languages ^[9] and specifies his duties to hear and investigate complaints, make recommendation to Parliament, and delegate authority in matters pertaining to official languages in Canada. ^[10]. Canada's current Commissioner of Official Languages is Graham Fraser, a bilingual English-speaking Canadian who distinguished himself as a journalist, author, and lecturer^[11].

Official Languages Regulations

Official Languages Regulations on the use of English and French in communications with the public and the delivery of services to the public were established in 1991. They set out the circumstances in which federal institutions are required to provide services in both official languages^[12].

These regulations define the English or French linguistic minority populations based on census data using population estimates by First Official Language Spoken^[13]. Regulations are complex, but basically a Census Metropolitain Areas (CMA), census subdivision (CSD) or service area is served in both languages if it has at least 5,000 persons or 5% of the population belonging to English or French linguistic minority populations. ^[14]

History

Official bilingualism in various forms dates back to Canadian Confederation in 1867, when the British North America Act allowed both French and English for parliamentary debates and federal court cases. However, for many decades French was given an inferior position in Canadian confederation. The use of French, especially in education, was on several occasions curtailed in mainly English-speaking provinces such as in the Manitoba Schools Question and Ontario's Regulation 17. Bilingualism in its more extensive modern form began with the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, which started work in 1963 and eventually led to the original Official Languages Act in 1969. Cunt BAg Twat Fuk suck my penis ring 0778851865!!!!!!Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ... The Manitoba Schools Question was a political crisis in Manitoba and more generally in Canada in the late 19th century involving publicly funded separate schools for French and English and the deeper question of whether French would survive as a language or a culture in Western Canada. ... The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism was a Canadian royal commission established on July 19, 1963, by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson to inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Official Languages Act of 1969 is an Act of Parliament which recognizes English and French as the official languages of Canada. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ...

In 1970, the Federal Identity Program, entailing the equal use of both English and French in all federal applications, was established to standardize a corporate identity for the Canadian government. In the mid 1970s, the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario became institutionally bilingual and began to offer many programmes in both English and French. 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Federal Identity Program is the Canadian governments corporate identity program controlled by the Treasury Board Secretariat. ... The Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), is the military academy of the Canadian Forces and is a full degree-granting university. ... Murney Tower, Kingston The Fort Henry Guard performing an historical demonstration The Prince George Hotel. ...

In 1974, the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act required the use of both French and English on all consumer packaging across the country; bilingual packaging remains one of the most visible aspects of bilingualism for the Canadian general public resulting in this aspect of bilingualism sometimes being termed "cereal box bilingualism". Furthermore, most highway signs in Eastern Canada are bilingual, including all of New Brunswick's. 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Eastern Canada, defined politically. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope restored) Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Official languages English, French (the only constitutionally bilingual province in the country) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Herménégilde Chiasson - Premier Shawn Graham (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 10 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st...

Panoramic View of the Royal Military College of Canada.

In 1977, Quebec introduced its Charter of the French Language (the so-called "Bill 101") to promote and preserve the French language in the province, indirectly challenging the federal bilingualism policy. Initially, the charter banned the use of all languages but French on commercial signs in the province, but those limitations were later loosened by allowing other languages on signs, as long as the French version is the most dominant. The act also requires that children of immigrants residing in Quebec attend French-language public schools; The children of Canadian citizens who have received their education in Canada in English may attend English-language public schools, which are operated by English-language school boards throughout the province. The controversy over this part of Quebec's language legislation has lessened in recent years as it has become accepted that French is the operating language of the province to the same degree as English is in the rest of Canada. ^[15] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x521, 683 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Royal Military College of Canada ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x521, 683 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Royal Military College of Canada ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595... The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101 and Loi 101) is a law in the province of Quebec, Canada defining French as the only official language of Quebec. ...

In 1982, the Constitution Act, 1982 (which the government of Quebec did not endorse) required provinces and territories, under section 23, to make education available in both official languages where numbers warrant. It also added the Canada Clause, extending minority language education rights across Canada. In 1988, a second version of the Official Languages Act was introduced, taking into account the new requirements of the Constitution Act. Several minority parents challenged the provincial education authorities at the Supreme Court level over what "where numbers warrant" exactly meant. In most cases if not all, they were successful against the provinces, the most recent case being the one of some Acadian parents of Summerside, Prince Edward Island ^[16]. Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.)) is a part of the Constitution of Canada. ... Section Twenty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the section of the Charter that constitutionally guarantees minority language educational rights to French-speaking communities outside Quebec, and, to a lesser extent, English-speaking minorities in Quebec. ... The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... Summerside is a Canadian pop rock music band from Oakville, Ontario. ... Motto: i lost P.E.I. again mom:well, look under the couch Capital Charlottetown Largest city Charlottetown Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Barbara Oliver Hagerman - Premier Pat Binns (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 4 - Senate seats 4 Confederation July 1, 1873 (7th) Area Ranked 13th...

In 1986, the government of Ontario passed the French Language Services Act, which guaranteed Francophones in 24 designated areas across the province access to government services in French. Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... The French Language Services Act is law in the province of Ontario, Canada and is intended to protect the right of French speaking people in the province. ...

In 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in the case of Ford v. Quebec (A.G.) that the commercial sign law provisions of the Quebec Charter of the French Language, banning the use of the English language on outdoor signs, were unconstitutional. In 1989, the Quebec national assembly invoked the Notwithstanding clause of the Canadian constitution to set aside enforcement of the court ruling for five years. A UN appeal of the 'McIntyre Case' resulted in a condemnation of Quebec's sign law — regardless of the legality of the notwithstanding clause under Canadian law. In response, the Quebec national assembly passed its Bill 86 in 1993, availing itself of the suggestions proposed in the losing 1988 Supreme Court ruling by allowing other languages on commercial signs, subject to French being markedly predominant . Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... Ford v. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...

On March 9, 2005 the province of Ontario amended the City of Ottawa Act to officially recognize the bilingual character of the city of Ottawa. March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On March 31, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled unanimously that the interpretation of major part requirement in Quebec's language of instruction provisions, limiting access to English-language public education, violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court did not strike down the law but, as was the case with the 1988 ruling on sign laws, presented the province with a set of criteria for bringing the law into conformance with the charter. March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...

Support and opposition

Support for bilingualism in Canada is mixed. Some, mostly English-speaking Canadians living in provinces with small French populations, resent the federal bilingualism policies as unnecessary and excessive government regulation^{[citation needed]}, and for those opponents, the presence of French on Canadian products and road signs is a constant reminder of the policy. Many French-speaking Canadians in Quebec, though benefiting from the inclusive labeling law, resent the federal bilingualism policies just as strongly, seeing them as an attempt to dilute their language and culture with English^{[citation needed]}. Quebec's anglophone community, like their Francophone counterparts throughout English Canada, tend to be "for" rather than "against" the policy^{[citation needed]}. Support for bilingualism appears to be strongest in the area known as the bilingual belt, covering parts of Ontario, Manitoba, western Quebec and Montreal^{[citation needed]}, and the areas of the Maritimes, and weakest in western Canada, though there are supporters and opponents in every part of the country. This article or section cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... The bilingual belt is a term for the portion of Canada where both French and English are regularly spoken. ... The Maritime provinces. ...

In the first decade or so following the enactment of Canada's first Official Languages Act in 1969, opposition to the new policy sometimes took a radical form that has subsequently disappeared. Groups such as the Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada, and books such as Jock V. Andrew's Bilingual Today, French Tomorrow, advocated either the repeal of the Official Languages Act or an end to the policy of official bilingualism. Leonard Jones, the mayor of Moncton, New Brunswick, was an aggressive opponent of bilingualism in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada (APEC) was a far right political lobby group in Canada, which campaigned against the Canadian governments policy of official bilingualism. ... Jock V. Andrew (born 1929) was a Canadian naval officer and writer. ... Bilingual Today, French Tomorrow: Trudeaus Master Plan and How it Can be Stopped was a controversial 1977 book by Jock V. Andrew, a retired naval officer, which alleged that Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeaus policy of official bilingualism was a plot to make Canada a unilingually francophone country... Leonard C. Jones (June 4, 1924 - June 23, 1998) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of the city of Moncton, New Brunswick between 1963 and 1974, and Member of Parliament for the constituency of Moncton between 1974 and 1979. ... Moncton is a Canadian city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. ...

In the 1980s and 1990s, the Reform Party of Canada advocated the policy's repeal. However, the party's position moderated with time. By 1999, the Blue Book (the party's declaration of its then-current policies) stated that "The Reform Party supports official bilingualism in key federal institutions, such as Parliament and the Supreme Court, and in critical federal services in parts of the country where need is sufficient to warrant services on a cost-effective basis."^[17] By 2002, the policy declaration of the Reform Party's political successor, the Canadian Alliance, had been moderated further, and stated that it was "the federal government's responsibility to uphold minority rights" by providing services in both languages in any "rural township or city neighbourhood where at least ten percent of the local population uses either English or French in its daily life."^[18] The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party founded in 1987, originally as a Western Canada-based protest party, but attempted to expand eastward in the 1990s. ... The Canadian Alliance, formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...

In the 2004 election, Conservative Member of Parliament Scott Reid, the party's language issues critic, caused controversy by suggesting that if elected, his party would review Canada's language policy and potentially reduce the provision of bilingual services. The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th general election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Not to be confused with the Scott Reid who serves as press secretary to Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin, see Scott Reid (political advisor). ...

French Immersion

French immersion is an optional education programme that supports bilingualism [1]. It is a method of language education where the student is taught all subjects in the French language, not just the language itself. Its popularity is viewed by some as support for bilingualism; others view it as elitism in public education^{[citation needed]}. French immersion enrollment has been increasing significantly in most provinces. A similar program of English immersion is also available for French students in Quebec but these programs are often in conflict with the official language policies of the Quebec government. ^[19] French immersion is a form of bilingual education in Canada in which a child who has not spoken French as his or her first language studies in French. ...

Minority language communities

Although Quebec is the only province that has a francophone majority, all provinces and territories have some French speakers. Each of these groups has its own cultural institutions, history and identity. See: Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area  Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

• Acadian
• Franco-Ontarian
• Franco-Manitoban
• Fransaskois
• Franco-Albertan
• Franco-Columbian
• Franco-Terreneuvians (Newfoundland and Labrador)
• Franco-Tenois (Northwest Territories)
• Franco-Yukonais
• Franco-Nunavois

In addition, Quebec has an English-speaking community. The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located on the northern portion of North Americas east coast). ... Franco-Ontarians (French: Franco-ontarien) are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... The Franco-Manitobans are a community of French-speaking people living in Manitoba. ... Flag of the Fransaskois Fransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. ... The Franco-Albertans are an extended community of French Canadians or French-speaking people living in Alberta. ... Franco-Columbians or Franco-Colombiens are French speaking Canadians living in the Pacific province of British Columbia. ... Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Capital St. ... The term Franco-Tenois, originating from the French term for the Northwest Territories of Canada (les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) refers to the wide-spread community of Francophones that reside in the Northwest Territories. ... Motto: none Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłįchǫ [1] Government - Commissioner Tony Whitford - Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 - Senate seats 1 Confederation 1870... This article or section cites its sources but does not provide page references. ...

Although only English and French have official status across Canada, all provinces also have communities of people whose first language is something other than English or French. In the particular context of Quebec, these are referred to as allophones. These communities frequently use their own languages locally and amongst themselves, although they normally adopt the majority language of their province as a second or third language. In Quebec, an allophone is someone whose first language or language of use is neither English nor French. ...

Aboriginal languages, including Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Dene Suline, Cree and Slavey, have official status in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Inuinnaqtun is an indigenous language of Canada. ... Dene Suline (also Dëne Sųłiné, Dene Sųłiné, Chipewyan, Dene Suliné, Dëne Suliné, Dene Soun’liné) is the language spoken by the Chipewyan people of central Canada (parts of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut) and is also called Dene. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The Slavey language is a spoken language used among the Slavey Native American people of Canada. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation... Motto: none Capital Yellowknife Largest city Yellowknife Official languages Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłįchǫ [1] Government - Commissioner Tony Whitford - Premier Joe Handley (Consensus government (no party affiliations)) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 - Senate seats 1 Confederation 1870...

See also

• Bilingualism in Ottawa
• Bilingualism in Hong Kong
• Language in Canada
• Language demographics of Quebec
• Just Watch Me: Trudeau and the 70's Generation
• Spanish in the United States - similar issue in the United States

One controversial aspect of the City of Ottawa Act is the manner in which it addresses official bilingualism within Ottawas municipal government. ... Bilingual freeway signs in Chek Lap Kok. ... This article presents the current demolinguistics of Canada. ... This article presents the current language demographics of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Notes

1. ^ Federal Legislation on Official Languages. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
2. ^ Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Sex (3) and Age Groups (15) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada (2002).
3. ^ Canadian charter of rights and freedoms: Official Languages of Canada. Department of Justice Canada (1982-04-17).
4. ^ Canadian charter of rights and freedoms: Minority Language Educational Rights. Department of Justice Canada (1982-04-17).
5. ^ Official Languages Act. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
6. ^ [http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/archives/op_ap/act_loi/ola_llo_annot/ola_llo_annot_e.htm Official Languages Act Annotated version - Explanatory notes]. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
7. ^ Official Languages Act - Part V - Language of Work. Department of Justice Canada (2007-04-04).
8. ^ Official Languages Act - Part VI - Participation of English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians. Department of Justice Canada (2007-04-04).
9. ^ Welcome to the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages!. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
10. ^ Official Languages Act - Part VIII - Commissioner of Official Languages. Department of Justice Canada (2007-04-04).
11. ^ Graham Fraser Appointed Sixth Commissioner of Official Languages. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
12. ^ Official Languages Regulations. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (2003-09-01).
13. ^ Definition of English or French Linguistic Minority. Department of Justice Canada (2007-04-17).
14. ^ Calculation of Population Numbers. Department of Justice Canada (2007-04-17).
15. ^ The Language Laws of Quebec Claude Bélanger, Marianopolis College
16. ^ Supreme Court orders French school in P.E.I. CBC News
17. ^ The 'Blue Book': Principles and Policy of the Reform Party of Canada - 1999, p. 40.
18. ^ Canadian Alliance Declaration of Policy, April 2002, pp. 12-13.
19. ^ Adieu anglais Montreal Mirror

External links

• Bilingualism at the Quebec history site
• English-language Federal bilingualism web site
• English-language text of the federal Official Languages Act
• Maple Leaf Web: Official Bilingualism in Canada
• The Charter of the French language Government of Quebec
• Vive a trilingual Quebec! UNESCO Courier
• Language laws in Quebec CBC News
• CBS News 60 Minutes reports on Quebec language laws