Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramics and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass®. The biocompatibility of these glasses has led them to be investigated extensively for use as implant materials in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bone. Glass-ceramic is a mixture of glass and ceramic materials (mainly lithium-, silicon-, or aluminium-oxides) yielding a material that is impervious to even extreme temperature shocks. ... BioGlass® is a commerical product of Bioactive glasses. ... Biocompatibility is the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application. ... The term implant has different meanings: in Scientology, see Implant (Scientology) in medicine, see prosthesis This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

History

Larry Hench and colleagues at the University of Florida first developed these materials in the late 1960s and have been further developed by his research team at the Imperial College London and other researchers worldwide. The University of Florida (Florida, UFL, or UF) is a public land-grant, space-grant, research university located in Gainesville, Florida. ... Affiliations Russell Group Association of MBAs IDEA League Association of Commonwealth Universities Golden Triangle Oak Ridge Associated Universities Nobel laureates 14 Website http://www. ...

Compositions

There have been many variations on the original composition which was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and termed bioglass®. This composition is known as 45S5. Other compositions are in the list below. “FDA” redirects here. ...

• 45S5: 46.1 mol% SiO₂, 26.9 mol% CaO, 24.4 mol% Na₂O and 2.5 mol% P₂O₅. Bioglass
• 58S: 60 mol% SiO₂, 36 mol% CaO and 4 mol% P₂O₅.
• S70C30: 70 mol% SiO₂, 30 mol% CaO.

BioGlass® is a commerical product of Bioactive glasses. ...

Structure

Solid state NMR spectroscopy has been very useful in elucidating the structure of amorphous solids. Bioactive glasses have been studied by ²⁹Si and ³¹P solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift from MAS NMR is indicative of the type of chemical species present in the glass. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectrscopy showed that Bioglass 45S5 was a Q2 type-structure with a small amount of Q3, i.e. silicate chains with a few crosslinks. The ³¹P MAS NMR indicated a Q0 species i.e. PO₄^4- with predominately sodium cations. (Lockyer et al. 1995) Look up mas, más in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In chemistry, a silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. ...

Medical Applications

Bioactive glasses have many applications but these are primarily in the areas of bone repair and bone regeneration via tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physio-chemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. ...

• Synthetic bone graft materials for general orthopaedic, craniofacial (bones of the skull and face), maxillofacial and periodontal (the bone structure that supports teeth) repair. These are available to surgeons in a particulate form.
• Cochlear implants.
• Bone tissue engineering scaffolds. These are being investigated in many forms, in particular as porous (contains pores into which cells can grow and fluids can travel) 3-dimensional scaffolds.

References Lockyer, M. W. G., Holland, D. & Dupree, R., NMR investigation of the structure of some bioactive and related glasses. J. Non-Crys. Sol., 1995, 188, 207-219. In medicine, grafting is a surgical procedure to transplant tissue without a blood supply. ... Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (BE: orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic and recurrent injuries and other disorders of the locomotor system, its musclular and bone parts. ... Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. ... Periodontology is the branch of dentistry concerned with the health of the tooth supporting structures, ie. ... Cochlear implants are hearing devices that can help people with certain kinds of hearing impairment or who are entirely deaf. ...

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