Biogenesis is the process of lifeforms producing other lifeforms, e.g. a spider lays eggs, which form into spiders. For other uses, see Life (disambiguation). ... Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae  See table of families Closeup image of a Wolf Spider Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals that have two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ...

The term is also used for the assertion that life can only be passed on by living things, in contrast to abiogenesis, which holds that life can arise from non-life under suitable circumstances, although these circumstances still remain unknown. This article focuses on the history of thought regarding abiogenesis (the spontaneous generation of life from non-living sources). ...

Until the 19th century, it was commonly believed that life frequently arose from non-life under certain circumstances, a process known as spontaneous generation. This belief was due to the common observation that maggots or mould appeared to arise spontaneously when organic matter was left exposed. It was later discovered that under all these circumstances commonly observed, life only arises from life. Abiogenesis, in its most general sense, is the hypothetical generation of life from non-living matter. ...

A second, obsolete meaning of biogenesis was given by the French Jesuit priest, scientist and philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin to mean the origin of life itself — now usually referred to as abiogenesis — reflecting the modern belief that the origin of life was from non-life. The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... It has been suggested that noogenesis be merged into this article or section. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article focuses on the history of thought regarding abiogenesis (the spontaneous generation of life from non-living sources). ...

Law of biogenesis

"La génération spontanée est une chimère" ("Spontaneous generation is a dream") (Louis Pasteur)

Pasteur's (and others) empirical results were summarized in the phrase, Omne vivum ex vivo (or Omne vivum ex ovo, Latin for "all life [is] from life". (This is what creationists refer to as the "law of biogenesis".) They showed that life does not currently spontaneously arise in its present forms from non-life in nature. Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist best known for his remarkable breakthroughs in microbiology. ... In philosophy generally, empiricism is a theory of knowledge emphasizing the role of experience in the formation of ideas, while discounting the notion of innate ideas. ... Omne vivum ex ovo is Latin for All live [is] from [an] egg. This is a foundational concept of modern biology. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

The "law of biogenesis" is not to be confused with Ernst Haeckel's Biogenetic Law. [1] [2] Ernst Haeckel. ... The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny, is a theory in biology which attempts to explain apparent similarities between humans and other animals. ...

No life has ever been observed to arise from non-living matter. However, the Miller-Urey experiment did show that amino acids, and other subsequent organic compounds, can be synthesized from simple carbon atoms in the early earth conditions. For other uses, see Life (disambiguation). ... The Miller-Urey experiment attempts to recreate the chemical conditions of the primitive Earth in the laboratory, and synthesized some of the building blocks of life. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ...

Human attempts to create life

Charles Darwin in a letter to J.D. Hooker of February 1st 1871, made the suggestion that life may have begun in a "warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, lights, heat, electricity, etc. present, that a protein compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes, at the present day such matter would be instantly devoured or absorbed, which would not have been the case before living creatures were formed." Thus, it is the presence of life itself which prevents "spontaneous generation" from occurring on Earth today. For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... THE ENTIRE SOURCE OF THIS MATERIAL IS FROM A DIFFERENT WEBSITE. Introduction. ...

A number of efforts have been made to bring life from non-life, but there has been no success. J. B. Burke attempted to produce small living cells from inorganic matter by means of radium were unsuccessful; the "radiobes" produced were merely bursting gas bubbles of microscopic size. Pflüger produced cyanic acid, which he compared to half-living molecules, but it was merely a nonliving chemical compound. The Russian scientist Alexander I Oparin suggested that we need to understand that the conditions on Earth at the time of the origin of life must have been very different from how they are today, which presupposes that life formed spontaneously The Miller-Urey experiment is claimed to confirm Oparin's hypothesis by producing some of the organic components of life, from an atmosphere of methane, ammonia and water vapour, but in fact did not because the basic amino acids formed in Miller's test tube were destroyed soon after by the atmosphere required to make them. Pflüger is a German surname that could refer to: Friedbert Pflüger, member of the German Bundestag Tobias Pflüger, member of the European Parliament This page or section lists people with the surname Pflüger. ... Cyanic acid is a colourless poisonous liquid with a boiling point of 23. ... Aleksandr Oparin Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Опарин, March 2 (February 18 Julian) 1894 – April 21, 1980) was a Soviet biologist and biochemist, who has been acclaimed as one of the greatest authorities on the origin of life. ... The Miller-Urey experiment attempts to recreate the chemical conditions of the primitive Earth in the laboratory, and synthesized some of the building blocks of life. ...

In 2002, scientists succeeded in constructing an artificial and "functioning" (able to infect and kill mice) Polio virus. Other viruses have since been synthesized. These experiments do not qualify as true examples of abiogenesis, since viruses do not meet the standard biological criteria for life. Primarily, they do not respond to stimuli, they are ataxic, they lack the ability or the mechanics to grow or reproduce on their own, and they do not possess cells. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Feral mouse A mouse (plural mice) is a rodent that belongs to one of numerous species of small mammals. ... Poliomyelitis (polio), or infantile paralysis, is a viral paralytic disease. ... Groups I: dsDNA viruses II: ssDNA viruses III: dsRNA viruses IV: (+)ssRNA viruses V: (-)ssRNA viruses VI: ssRNA-RT viruses VII: dsDNA-RT viruses A virus (from the Latin noun virus, meaning toxin or poison) is a microscopic particle (ranging in size from 20 - 300 nm) that can infect the... For other uses, see Life (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ataxia (disambiguation). ...

Still, proponents of the idea of abiogenesis cite these results in support of their position, stating that both "non-living" viruses and "living" bacteria are solely "molecular machines" of different complexity. Many of them expect scientists to be able to synthesize the latter when the necessary technology has advanced to a sufficient level, thus proving the possibility of abiogenesis.

Critics of abiogenesis point out that, thus far, life has not been oberved to be created without outside intelligence forcing environmental conditions necessary for life, so that abiogenesis seems unlikely to have occurred.

Law of Biogenesis and Creationism

The narrower meaning of the term Biogenesis is the basis of Creation biology, which holds that since life cannot arise spontaneously from non-life, life must, of necessity, have been created by a "supernatural" being, typically the Christian God. Supporters of the theory of evolution argue that creationists misuse the "law of biogenesis" to support their arguments. For example: Creation biology,examines biology from a creationist perspective which assumes that God created all life on the planet as described in the Genesis account of Creation, in a finite number of discrete created kinds or baramins. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... This article is about biological evolution. ...

"The spontaneous generation that Pasteur and others disproved was the idea that life forms such as mice, maggots, and bacteria can appear fully formed. They disproved a form of creationism. There is no law of biogenesis saying that very primitive life cannot form from increasingly complex molecules.

They also say that creationists' use of this law as an argument against theories of common descent is an example of the fallacy of false dilemma, since it is imaginable that a creator god created the LUCA or one of its ancestors, from which point on evolution occurred in a guided or unguided fashion. Creationists respond that abiogenesis is not a form of creationism, because it holds that life arises spontaneously, while creationism holds that life was deliberately created. Further, since the hypothesized development of "primitive life" from "increasingly complex molecules" has never been observed, there remains no comprehensive scientific justification for believing it has ever occurred. Finally, they argue that once it has been conceded (as is conceded by theistic evolution) that the original cell was created by a divine being, there is no reason to believe He could not have created life in a variety of forms. A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common ancestor. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Luca or LUCA may refer to: Places Luca, Viqueque, a town in the Subdistrict Viqueque, East Timor San Luca, a town in the Province of Reggio Calabria, Italy People Antonino Saverio De Luca (1805–1883), Italian Cardinal Bonifacio De Luca (1727–1798), Italian poet Ciro de Luca (*1970), Austrian comedian... This article is about evolution in biology. ... Theistic evolution, less commonly known as evolutionary creationism, is the general opinion that some or all classical religious teachings about God and creation are compatible with some or all of the modern scientific understanding about biological evolution. ...

See also

• Origin of life
• Omne vivum ex ovo