This article contains additional biographical information about Nikola Tesla that is not on the main page. Nikola Tesla (July 9/July 10, 1856 - January 7, 1943) was a physicist, inventor, and electrical engineer of unusual intellectual brilliance and practical achievement. ...

Education

• Fluent in eight languages (English, Serbian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, French, German, Italian)
• Elementary school: Gospić (Austria-Hungary, now Croatia)
• Secondary school: Karlovac (Austria-Hungary, now Croatia)

• Undergraduate
  • Baccalaureate of Physics: Austrian Polytechnic Institute (Graz)
  • Baccalaureate of Mathematics: Austrian Polytechnic Institute (Graz)
  • Baccalaureate of Mechanical Engineering: Austrian Polytechnic Institute (Graz)
  • Baccalaureate of Electrical Engineering: Austrian Polytechnic Institute (Graz)

• Graduate studies
  • Doctor of Philosophy in Physics: University of Prague (Prague)

The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Serbian language or Serb language is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, formerly (and still frequently) called Serbo-Croatian. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course that generally lasts three or four years. ... The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution. ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Mathematics Wikiquote quotations related to: Mathematics Look up Mathematics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: Mathematics Bogomolny, Alexander: Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles. ... The Ford Essex V6 engine Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. ... Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with the study and application of electricity and electromagnetism. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... The Charles University of Prague (also simply University of Prague; Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina) is the oldest and most prestigious Czech university and among the oldest universities in Europe, being founded in 1340s (for the exact year, see below). ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ...

Early years

Tesla on 100 Serbian Dinars in 2004. Photo courtesy of National bank of Serbia (www.nbs.org.yu)

Tesla was born "at the stroke of midnight" with lightning striking during a summer storm. He was born in Smiljan near Gospić, Lika, (the Military Frontier of the Austria-Hungary, now in Croatia). The midwife commented, "He'll be a child of the storm," to which his mother replied, "No, of light." Tesla was baptised in the Old Slavonic Church rite. His Baptism Certificate reports that he was born on June 28 (Julian calendar; July 10 in the Gregorian calendar) 1856, and christened by the Serbian orthodox priest, Toma Oklobdžija. 100 Serbian dinars banknote front. ... 100 Serbian dinars banknote front. ... 100 dinars back. ... National bank of Serbia (NBS) was founded in 1884. ... Smiljan is a village a few kilometers west of Gospić in Croatia, population 446 (2001). ... Gospić is a town in Croatia, Lika region. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. ... Military Frontier (Military Border, Military Krajina, Vojna Krajina, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria) was a borderland of Habsburg Austria which acted as the cordon sanitaire against the Turks from the Middle Ages (Croatian Krajina) or from the late 1600s (Slavonian and Banat Krajina) until the 19th century. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Baptism is a water purification ritual practiced in certain religions such as Christianity, Mandaeanism, Sikhism, and some historic sects of Judaism. ... The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, taking force in 45 BC or 709 ab urbe condita. ... The Gregorian calendar is the calendar widely used in the Western world. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Roman Catholic priest LCDR Allen R. Kuss (USN) aboard USS Enterprise A priest or priestess is a holy man or woman who takes an officiating role in worship of any religion, with the distinguishing characteristic of offering sacrifices. ...

His father was Rev. Milutin Tesla, a Serbian priest in the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Karlovci which gathered the Serbs of the "Greek-rite" as they were legally referred to in Habsburg Monarchy at the time. His father's church in Gospić was destroyed in the 1990s[1] (http://www.eparhija-gornjokarlovacka.hr/Images/Eparhija/Gospic/Gospic4.jpg). His mother was Đuka Mandić, a housewife talented in making home craft tools. Nikola was one of five children, having one brother and three sisters. His godfather, Jovan Drenovac, was a Captain in the Krajina army. His family moved to Gospić in 1862. Tesla went to school in Karlovac (then Austria-Hungary), then studied electrical engineering at the Austria Politechnic in Graz, Austria (1875). While there, he studied the uses of alternating current. He also developed a telephone repeater (or amplifier). Tesla was fascinated by the Crookes radiometer, believeing that it was a most wonderful invention. The Reverend is an honorary prefix added to the names of Christian clergy and ministers. ... Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Early history The Serbs migrated to the Balkans during the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641). ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Gospić is a town in Croatia, Lika region. ... Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but keeping the same mind-set. ... Georgina-Đuka Tesla, nee Mandić, (1822 - April 4, 1882) was the mother of Nikola Tesla. ... A godparent, in Christianity, is someone who sponsors a childs baptism. ... 1862 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Karlovac is a city in central Croatia with 59,395 inhabitants (2001), center of the Karlovac county. ... Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec, pronounced grah-dets), with a population of 305,000 (council census 2000) is the second-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Styria (Steiermark in German). ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... A telephone handset A touch-tone telephone dial Telephone This article is about telephone technology. ... For the album by the post-hardcore band Fugazi, see Repeater (album). ... An amplifier is a device that uses a small amount of energy to control a larger amount. ... The Crookes radiometer was invented by the chemist Sir William Crookes as the by-product of some chemical research. ...

In 1881 he moved to Budapest to work for the telegraph company, American Telephone Company. On the opening of the telephone exchange in Budapest, 1881, Tesla became the chief electrician to the telephone company, later engineer to the Yugoslav government and the country's first telephone system. Tesla invented a precursor to modern wireless telephone, known as a telephone repeater (or sometimes an amplifier). The device could act as an audio speaker (not an audio transducer). The device had its resonance tuned to a particular frequency of other repeaters to communicate between each. In 1916, Tesla described the prior developed audio transducers. According to Tesla, it was the "... [S]implest ways [to detect the radiant energy ...] the low frequency gave audible notes. [... in a field, there was] placed a conductor, a wire or a coil, and then Tesla would get a note [...] characteristics of the audible note". The audible sounds were of the quality of the telephones diaphragms of that period of time. The invention was never patented nor released publicly (till years later by Tesla himself). The device also contained the characteristics of modern wireless telephones. 1881 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Budapest (pronounced or ), the capital city of Hungary and the countrys principal political, industrial, commercial and transportation centre, has more than 1. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Budapest (pronounced or ), the capital city of Hungary and the countrys principal political, industrial, commercial and transportation centre, has more than 1. ... 1881 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Audio can mean: sound that can be heard electronics or other signals of frequencies audible to humans (about 20--20,000 Hz) broadcasting or reception of sound high-fidelity sound reproduction sound recording and reproduction in general I hear in Latin This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... Closeup of a loudspeaker driver A loudspeaker is a device which converts an electrical signal into sound. ... A transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to another, or responds to a physical parameter. ... This article is about resonance in physics. ... Sine waves of various frequencies; the lower waves have higher frequencies than those above. ... 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Radiant energy is energy that is transported by waves. ... En [ [ ciencia ] ] y [ [ ingeniería ] ], los conductores son los materiales de los cuales contenga las cargas movibles [ [ electricidad ] ]. Cuando una diferencia potencial eléctrica se impresiona a través de puntos separados en un conductor, las cargas móviles dentro del conductor se fuerzan para moverse, y una corriente eléctrica entre esos puntos aparece...

For a while he stayed in Maribor. He was employed at his first job as an assistant engineer. Tesla suffered a nervous breakdown during this time. In 1882 he moved to Paris to work as an engineer for the Continental Edison Company. He worked designing improvements to electric equipment. In the same year, Tesla conceived of the induction motor and began developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields (for which he received patents in 1888). Tesla visualized the rotating fields and thereby designed the induction motor. Tesla hastened from Paris to his mother's side as she lay dying, arriving hours before her death in 1882. Her last words to him were, "You've arrived, Nidzo, my pride." After her death, Tesla fell ill. He spent two to three weeks recuperating in Gospić and the village of Tomingaj near Gračac, the birthplace of his mother. All his life, Tesla kept a home-spun embroidered travel bag from his mother. Area: 147. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... In physics, a magnetic field is an entity produced by moving electric charges (electric currents) that exerts a force on other moving charges. ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

1930's

In 1934, Tesla wrote to consul Janković of his homeland. The letter contained the message of gratitude to Mihajlo Pupin who initiated a donation scheme by which American companies could support Tesla. Tesla refused the assistance, and chose to live by a modest pension received from Yugoslavia and to continue researching. 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Mihajlo Pupin. ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state which existed from December 1, 1918 to mid-April 1941. ...

Nobel rumors

Due to the fact that the Nobel Prize was awarded to Marconi for radio in 1909, it was believed that Tesla and Edison were to share the Nobel Prize of 1912 (or 1915; some accounts differ). Tesla's rumored nomination for the Nobel Prize in Physics was primarily for his experiments with tuned circuits using high-voltage high-frequency resonant transformers. It was possible that Tesla was told of the plans of the physics award committee and let it be known that he would not share the award with Edison. Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ...

Views on war

Tesla believed that war could not be avoided until the cause for its recurrence was removed, but was opposed to wars in general. He possessed a hatred of war, from his parents and homeland, and sought to end warfare scientifically by devising protective measures that would prevent wars. He found exceptions and some justifiable situations where conflict was necessary. He envisioned wars of machines, not of humans, and of more terrible weapons in the future. He sought to reduce distance, such as in communication (for better understanding), transportation, and transmission of energy, as a means to insure friendly international relations. WAR is a TLA that could refer to: Warrenton Railroad (AAR reporting mark WAR) Web Application Archive WAR, a Japanese professional wrestling promotion See also: War This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

A system for "Projecting Concentrated Non-Dispersive Energy Through Natural Media" known as teleforce was reportedly developed later in his life. Teleforce was supposed to have been a type of defensive particle-beam weapon. Teleforce was Nikola Teslas charged particle beam projector, first mentioned in the New York Sun, July 10, 1934. ...

Field theories

When he was eighty-one, Tesla stated he had completed a Dynamic Theory of Gravity. He stated that it was "worked out in all details" and hoped to give to the world the theory soon. The bulk of the theory was developed between 1892 and 1894, during the period that he was conducting experiments for with high frequency and high potential electromagnetism and patenting devices for thier ultilization. It was completed, according to Tesla, by the end of the 1930s. Tesla's theory explained gravity using electrodynamics consisting of transverse waves (to a lesser extent) and longitudinal waves (for the majority). Nikola Teslas dynamic theory of gravity was an attempt to ascertain a theory between gravitational radiation and the electromagnetic force as a unified field theory (a model over the aether, matter, and energy). ... 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. ... In physics, a potential is a scalar quantity that can be used to analyze the effects of complicated vectorial forces and similar quantities by means of simple conservation laws. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... A light wave is an example of a transverse wave. ... Longitudinal waves, also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves, are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel and can be a wave in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction to the motion of the wave. ...

Tesla was critical of Einstein's relativity work, '...[a] magnificent mathematical garb which fascinates, dazzles and makes people blind to the underlying errors. The theory is like a beggar clothed in purple whom ignorant people take for a king...., its exponents are brilliant men but they are metaphysicists rather than scientists...', (New York Times, 11 July 1935, p23, c.8). July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Nikola Tesla Monument in front of University in Belgrade

Download high resolution version (600x800, 118 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (600x800, 118 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Death and After

In 1976, a bronze statue of Tesla was placed at Niagara Falls. A similar statue was also erected in the Tesla's hometown of Gospic in the 1981. The statue in Gospic was dynamited by the Croatian forces in 1991. 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bronze figurine, found at Öland Bronze is the traditional name for a broad range of alloys of copper. ...

Perhaps because of Tesla's personal eccentricity and the dramatic nature of his demonstrations, conspiracy theories about applications of his work persist. The common Hollywood stereotype of the "mad scientist" mirrors Tesla's real-life persona, or at least a caricature of it—which may be no accident considering that many of the earliest such movies (including the first movie version of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein) were produced by Tesla's old rival, Thomas Edison. There are at least two films describing Tesla's life. In the first, arranged for TV, Tesla was portrayed by Rade Šerbedžija. In 1980, Orson Welles produced a Yugoslavian film named Tajna Nikole Tesle (The Secret of Nikola Tesla), in which Welles himself played the part of Tesla's patron, George Westinghouse. This proposed logo for a U.S. government agency was dropped due to fears that its Masonic symbolism would provoke conspiracy theories. ... They LAUGHED at my theories at the institute! Fools! Ill destroy them all! -- Caucasian, male, aging, crooked teeth, messy hair, lab coat, spectacles/goggles, dramatic posing — One popular stereotype of mad scientist. ... Mary Shelley Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley née Godwin (August 30, 1797–February 1, 1851) was an English writer who is, perhaps, equally-famously remembered as the wife of Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and as the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus is a novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. ... Rade Šerbedžija. ... 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Orson Welles, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1937 George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) is generally considered one of Hollywoods greatest directors, as well as a fine actor, broadcaster and screenwriter. ... The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. ... George Westinghouse (October 6, 1846 – March 12, 1914) was an American entrepreneur and engineer now best known for the brand of electrical goods that bear his name. ...

Records seized

According to FBI documents (http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/tesla.htm) acquired via FOIA request, the sum of Tesla's possessions ("consisting of about two truckloads of material... [and] approximately thirty barrels and bundles") were seized, upon his death in 1943, by agents of the (now defunct) Office of Alien Property Custodian. One document states that "[he] is reported to have some 80 trunks in different places containing transcripts and plans having to do with his experiments... " The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is the implementation of freedom of information legislation in the United States. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ...