The Biologics Control Act was passed on July 1, 1902 after two incidents involving the deaths of children caused by contaminated vaccines. The first involved The Horse Named Jim whose tetanus contaminated serum was used to produce a diphtheria antitoxin which caused the deaths of thirteen children in St. Louis, Missouri. The second involved contaminated smallpox vaccine which killed nine children in Camden, New Jersey. Both incidents were attributed to failure of proper procedures and testing by local officials. The act established the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), which was placed under the authority of the NIH by the Public Health Service Act of 1944, and became one of the centers of the FDA in 1972. Although it was signed with much less fanfare than the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Biologics control act set a precedent for federal regulation of biological products. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Death is the cessation of physical life in a living organism, or the state of the organism after that event. ... A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or ameliorate the effects of infection by any natural or wild strain of the organism. ... Binomial name Clostridium tetani Flügge, 1886 Clostridium tetani is a bacterium of the genus Clostridium. ... Blood plasma is a component of blood. ... An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. ... NIH can refer to: National Institutes of Health Norwegian School of Sports Sciences: (Norges idrettshøgskole - NIH) Not Invented Here This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The United States Food and Drug Administration is the government agency responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, biologics and blood products in the United States. ... ...

References

• [1] - A brief review of major accomplishments during the first 100 years of CBER
• [2] - An overview of the incident and conditions surrounding it