NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bishop Fulco

Bishop Fulco was the first known missionary Bishop of Estonia. He was appointed in 1165 by Eskil, the Danish Archbishop of Lund. Before his appointment, Fulco was a Benedictine monk in the abbey of Moutier-la-Celle, near Troyes in France. His nationality is not known. Eskil was a 12th century Archbishop of Lund, in SkÃ¥ne, Denmark (now in Sweden). ... The Diocese of Lund is the southernmost diocese in the Church of Sweden. ... Munichs city symbol celebrates its founding by Benedictine monksâ€”the origin of its name A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... Troyes is a town in northeastern France. ...

After his appointment, Fulco appears in sources only once. In 1171, Pope Alexander III asked the Archbishop of Trondheim to assign an Estonian monk Nicolaus living in Stavanger to go to Fulco's assistance. No further information survives about Fulco's work in Estonia, or whether he ever even got there.^[1] Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... County Rogaland District JÃ¦ren Municipality NO-1103 Administrative centre Stavanger Mayor (1995-) Leif Johan Sevland (H) Official language form BokmÃ¥l Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 406 71 kmÂ² 68 kmÂ² 0. ...

Identification with Folquinus

Fulco is sometimes speculated to be the same person as a certain Folquinus, a late 12th century Bishop of Finland, briefly mentioned in a mid-15th century chronicle Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium after equally legendary Rodulff and before quite historical Thomas.^[2] The chronicle claimed him to be Swedish by birth. Folquinus was again mentioned in another chronicle of the same name by Paulus Juusten, the Bishop of Turku, about 100 years later, adding that at least in 1198 he was still in office.^[3] St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once, also includes the practice of converting pagan practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar... Diocese of Finland was the predecessor of the Catholic diocese of Turku. ... Bishop Thomas is the first known Bishop of Finland. ... Bishop Henry and Lalli as depicted in Missale Aboense. ... Bishop Bero (BjÃ¶rn) was the first quite certainly Swedish Bishop of Finland in the mid-13th century. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Wycliffe Tyndale Â· Luther Â· Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Pope Â· Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The Pope of Rome... Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Pope Innocent III (c. ... Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino dei Conti, was pope from 1227 to August 22, 1241. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Anders Sunesen in the Battle of Lyndanisse 1219 Anders Sunesen (also Andreas, Suneson, SunesÃ¸n, Latin: Andreas Sunonis) (c. ... Valerius was the Swedish Archbishop 1207-1219. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Lalli is a character in Finnish history. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... KokemÃ¤ki (Kumo in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... KÃ¶yliÃ¶ (Kjulo in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper District Turku City manager Hannu RÃ¤mÃ¶ Official languages Finnish Area - total - land ranked 331st 198. ... The First Swedish Crusade is a legendary military expedition presumably in the 1150s that has traditionally been seen as the conquest of Finland by Sweden, with pagan Finns converted into Christianity. ... Second Swedish Crusade was a semi-historical Swedish military expedition to Finland by Birger jarl in the 13th century. ... Diocese of Finland was the predecessor of the Catholic diocese of Turku. ... Bishop Thomas is the first known Bishop of Finland. ... The Archbishop of Turku, or the Archbishop of Åbo is the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. ...

The name "Fulco" appears in unrelated Scandinavian sources as the latinized form of "Folke",^[4] while the Latin suffix -inus (meaning "pertaining to") in the name "Folquinus" just emphasizes the first part of the name. Also Folquinus is known to have stood for "Folke" in various medieval texts.^[5] As the two bishops had similar names and they worked roughly around the same time in neighboring areas under Lund's missionary supervision,^[6] possibility for the identification remains, although the church in Finland is officially sceptical about it.^[7] Image File history File links B-Alexander_III1. ... Image File history File links B-Alexander_III1. ... Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ...

Noteworthy is that while organizing assistance to the Estonian mission, Pope Alexander III was also closely following the situation in Finland, something that no previous Pope is known to have done. Eskil and Stefan, the Archbishop of Uppsala, who had also been appointed to his high office by Eskil in 1164, were both close acquaintances with the Pope, having met in France while the Pope had been exiled there in the 1160s. In Pope's letter to Stefan in 1171 (or 1172), he complains how Finns only turned to God at the time of war, harassing preachers as soon as the peril was over.^[8] No Diocese or Bishop of Finland is mentioned in the papal letter, and no information survives, whether it prompted any actions. In the apparent shortage of missionaries, it can be speculated that the frustrated Pope may have organized Fulco to deal with the Finns as soon as his assistant Nicolaus could have taken over the missionary work in Estonia. Stefan was the first Archbishop of Uppsala in the year 1164, a post he had until his death July 18, 1185. ... The Patriarchal cross The Archbishops Palace in Uppsala, designed in the 18th century by the architect Carl HÃ¥rleman, but built on older foundations. ...

If information about Folquinus still being in office in 1198 is correct, his identification with Fulco would require him to have worked in missionary assignments for more than 30 years, in any case reaching a rather high age for a man of his times. In a letter by Pope Innocent III to Anders Sunesen, the Archbishop of Lund, in 1209,^[9] an unnamed Bishop of Finland is mentioned to have died "lawfully" (ie, a natural death) sometime earlier. By repeating Archbishop's own words, the letter makes it clear that the dead bishop had been appointed by the Lund archbishopric or at least with its approval, and that the "recent" establishment of the church in Finland was work of the Danes or their close allies, "caretaking of a few noble men". The Archbishop had also complained to the Pope how difficult it was to get anyone to be a bishop in Finland and planned to appoint someone without formal adequacy, which the Pope approved of without questioning Archbishop's opinions. Pope Innocent III (c. ... Anders Sunesen in the Battle of Lyndanisse 1219 Anders Sunesen (also Andreas, Suneson, SunesÃ¸n, Latin: Andreas Sunonis) (c. ...

In surviving lists of Swedish bishoprics from 1164, 1189 and 1192, there is no reference, factual or propagandist, to the Diocese or Bishop of Finland.^[10]

Identification with Folquinus

See also

References