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Encyclopedia > Bishop of Durham
Bishop of Durham
Province York
Diocese Durham
Founded 9th century
Cathedral Durham Cathedral
Present bishop Nicolas Thomas Wright
Signature Dunelm
See also: List of Bishops of Durham

The Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country. He is an Anglican bishop in the province of York, and sits in the House of Lords. The current Bishop of Durham is Nicolas Thomas Wright (appointed 2003). Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about a title... An ecclesiastical province is a unit of religious government existing in certain Christian churches. ... The Province of York consists of the following dioceses of the Church of England: Their archbishop is the Archbishop of York. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The Diocese of Durham is a Church of England diocese, based in Durham, and covering the historic County Durham (and therefore including the southern part of Tyne and Wear and the northern part of Cleveland). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Durham Cathedrals famous Sanctuary Knocker on the North Door Ground plan of Durham Cathedral Legend of the founding of Durham depicted on cathedral The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, which is almost always referred to as Durham Cathedral, in the city... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about a title... Nicholas Thomas Tom Wright (b. ... For other uses, see Signature (disambiguation). ... List of Bishops of Durham. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... The Diocese of Durham is a Church of England diocese, based in Durham, and covering the historic County Durham (and therefore including the southern part of Tyne and Wear and the northern part of Cleveland). ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about a title... The Province of York consists of the following dioceses of the Church of England: Their archbishop is the Archbishop of York. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ... Nicholas Thomas Tom Wright (b. ...


Other duties of the Bishop of Durham include (with the Bishop of Bath and Wells) escorting the sovereign at the coronation. He is officially styled The Right Reverend Father in God, (Name), by Divine Providence Lord Bishop of Durham, but this full title is rarely used. In signatures, the bishop's family name is replaced by Dunelm, from the Latin name for Durham (the Latinised form of Old English Dunholm). In the past, bishops of Durham varied their signatures between Dunelm and the French Duresm. The Bishop of Bath and Wells is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Bath and Wells in the Province of Canterbury. ... British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey. ... A family name, surname, or last name is the part of a persons name that indicates to what family he or she belongs. ... Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon[1], Old English: ) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...

Contents

History

Saxon

The line of bishops of Durham stretches back to the 10th century, when Aldhun, Bishop of Lindisfarne (995-1018), transferred his see to Durham. It owes its unique position to the 7th and 8th century Kingdom of Northumbria. This once stretched from the Humber to the Firth of Forth, making up almost a third of the entire mainland of Britain, although it was annexed by the Danish Kingdom of York in 878, by 954 Osulf of Bernicia obtained the ancient lands of Deira from Edred of England and Northumbria was transformed merely into an Earldom. Nevertheless, this still stretched from the River Tweed to the Humber and both the Bishops of Durham and the Earls of Northumbria remained virtually independent of the Kings of England, until the death of Tostig Godwinson at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Aldhun of Durham (born circa 959, died 1018) was the last Bishop of Lindisfarne and the first Bishop of Durham. ... The episcopal see of Lindisfarne was founded in 635 by Saint Aidan. ... Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of a petty kingdom of Angles which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, from two smaller kingdoms of Bernicia and Diera, and... River Hull tidal barrier. ... The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area Map of the Firth Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea... Jorvik was the Viking name for the English city of York. ... Osulf I (d. ... Deira (which later absorbed the Brythonic kingdom of Ebrauc) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. ... “Eadred” redirects here. ... There are other rivers with this name: see Tweed River The River Tweed at Abbotsford, near Melrose The River Tweed at Coldstream The River Tweed (156 kilometres or 97 miles long) flows primarily through the Borders region of Scotland. ... Humber is also the name of one of the ranges of cars manufactured by the Rootes Group Humber is also the name of a river in Newfoundland, Canada, as well as a river and a college, both in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Earl of Northumbria was a title in the Anglo-Danish, late Anglo-Saxon, and early Anglo-Norman period in England. ... Tostig Godwinson (1026? – September 25, 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold II of England, the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. ... Combatants Norwegians, Northumbrian rebels, Scots Anglo-Saxon England Commanders Harald Hardråde† Tostig Godwinson† Harold Godwinson Strength Uncertain, possibly 7500 men or more Unknown Casualties Unknown, reportedly very heavy Unknown The Battle of Stamford Bridge in England is often considered to mark the end of the Viking era in England. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ...


Norman

1066-1090

When William the Conqueror became king of England in 1066, he soon realised he needed to control Northumbria to protect his kingdom from Scottish invasion. William gained the allegiance of both Bishop and Earl, and confirmed their powers and privileges, acknowledging the remote independence of Northumbria. Even so, rebellions followed. William I ( 1027 – September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ...


William therefore attempted to install Robert Comine, a Norman noble, as the Earl of Northumbria, but before Comine could take up office, he and his 700 men were massacred in the City of Durham. In revenge, the Conqueror led his army in a bloody raid into Northumbria, an event that became known as 'the Harrying of the North'. Robert Comine (also Robert de Comines) was very briefly earl of Northumbria in 1068. ... Norman conquests in red. ... Durham is a local government district and city in County Durham. ... The Harrying (or Harrowing) of the North was a series of campaigns waged by William the Conqueror, King of England, in the winter of 1069–1070 in order to subjugate the north of his newfound English kingdom (primarily Northumbria and the Midlands) as part of the Norman Conquest of England. ...


Aethelwine, the Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Durham, tried to flee Northumbria at the time of the raid with Northumbrian treasures. The bishop was caught, imprisoned, and later died in confinement - leaving his see vacant, to be filled by the King's man William Walcher in 1071. As the North was still not subdued the King appointed Waltheof, an Anglo-Saxon of the old Northumbria house, as the new Earl. The Northumbrian province thus maintained a degree of political independence despite being in the king's gift. For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... William Walcher (d. ... Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northampton (d. ...


A close friendship developed between Walcher and Waltheof and the earl built a castle at Durham for his bishop. Even so, Waltheof was eventually executed in 1075 after another rebellion - with Walcher being appointed earl in his place, becoming the first and only Earl-Bishop of Northumbria. Walcher was a well-intentioned man but proved an incompetent leader, and this led to his murder in Gateshead in 1081. This article is about Gateshead, England. ...


1090-1100

Despite Walcher's murder, the new King William Rufus continued William I's policy in Northumbria, replacing him with William of St. Carilef, who was also given the powers of Earl, but only south of the Rivers Tyne and Derwent.[1] This became the County Palatine of Durham, a virtually separate state, and defensive buffer zone sandwiched between "civilized" England and the often-dangerous Northumbria-Scottish borderland, with St. Carilef its first head, possessing nearly all the powers in this that the king had elsewhere. William II (called Rufus, perhaps because of his red-faced appearance, or maybe his bloody reign) (c. ... William of St Calais (Carilef) (d. ... The Tyne looking west and upstream from the Newcastle bank towards the Gateshead Millennium Bridge The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. ... The River Derwent is a river on the border between County Durham and Northumberland in the north east of England. ... County Durham is a county in north-east England. ...


In 1093 Bishop William demolished the old Durham Minster. The first stones of the replacement cathedral were laid by the Bishop and King Malcolm III of Scotland – even though Malcolm had invaded the county just two years before. Only a few months later, Malcolm III was killed during a raid on Alnwick. In English usage a Minster is a grand type of church; the term may be extended to apply to a cathedral, such as York Minster and Southwell Minster. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... For the parish in New Brunswick, see Alnwick, New Brunswick Alnwick (pronounced anick ) is a small market town in north Northumberland, in the north-east of England. ...


Because the Earl joined the new King Donald III of Scotland, William Rufus invaded and took direct control of Northumbria. Suspecting of supporting the revolt, Bishop Carileph was summoned to Windsor to meet the king; he died there on January 6, 1096. The see was left vacant by the crown for three years, before William appointed his chief adviser Ranulf Flambard to it. Donald III of Scotland (c. ... This article is about the English town. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Bernhard becomes Bishop of Brandenburg First documented teaching at the University of Oxford Beginning of the Peoples Crusade, the German Crusade, and the First Crusade Vital I Michele is Doge of Venice Peter I, King of Aragon, conquers Huesca Phayao, now a province of Thailand, is founded as... Ranulf Flambard, or Squiffy (died September 5, 1128) was Bishop of Durham and an influential government minister of William Rufus. ...


Flambard had acquired a fortune for himself and the king by collecting revenue from postponed appointments and through his tough approach to taxing the barons. Therefore, after William's death, the new king Henry I imprisoned Flambard in the Tower of London to appease the barons. The first prisoner in the tower, Flambard also become the first to escape — using a rope smuggled in by a butler in a cask of wine. He then fled to seek refuge in Normandy, then still Norman territory. Henry I (circa 1068 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and the first born in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. ... For other uses, see Tower of London (disambiguation) Her Majestys Royal Palace and Fortress The Tower of London, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically simply as The Tower), is an historic monument in central London, England on the north bank of the River Thames. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ...


Zenith

"There are two kings in England, namely the Lord King of England, wearing a crown in sign of his regality and the Lord Bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown, in sign of his regality in the diocese of Durham".
The steward of Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham (1284–1311).

The Prince Bishops of Durham, northern England, existed from 1081 to 1836. Initially at least, they had powers equivalent almost to that of the King, who gave them autonomous rule over the north of England due to its remoteness from London. The Prince Bishops of Durham existed from 1081 to 1836. ... Durham (IPA: locally, in RP) is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham in North East England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Events Corfu taken from Byzantine Empire by Robert Guiscard, Italy Byzantine emperor Nicephorus III is overthrown by Alexius I Comnenus, ending the Middle Byzantine period and beginning the Comnenan dynasty Alexius I helps defend Albania from the Normans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated at the Battle... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...


William Walcher was the first Prince Bishop in 1071, given power over the area of the Palatinate of Durham by William the Conqueror. William Walcher (d. ... Events Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army under Alp Arslan. ... A County palatine is an area ruled by an count palatine (or earl palatine); with special authority and autonomy from the rest of the kingdom. ... Durham (IPA: locally, in RP) is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham in North East England. ... William I ( 1027 – September 9, 1087), was King of England from 1066 to 1087. ...


Their powers within the Palatinate were immense. The County Palatine of Durham also had its own parliament. A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ...


Carileph and successive post-1066 bishops had nearly all the powers within their County Palatine that the king had in the rest of England, not having to report to far-away London. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...


Armies, taxes, currency as well as law were all under their control within this period, a great deal of autonomy was given with their own currency, and court system and with the power to:

  • hold their own parliament
  • raise their own armies
  • appoint their own sheriffs and Justices
  • administer their own laws
  • levy taxes and customs duties
  • create fairs and markets
  • issue charters
  • salvage shipwrecks
  • collect revenue from mines
  • administer the forests
  • mint their own coins

For a period Carlisle was also placed under the bishop's jurisdiction, to protect the west of England from invasion. , Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, and is the largest urban area in Cumbria. ...


This exceptional independence reached its full development by 1300, although it diminished very substantially during the sixteenth century. William Van Mildert was the last Prince Bishop in 1836, after which their secular power came to an end. William Van Mildert (1765–1836) was the last Prince-Bishop of Durham (1826–1836), and one of the founders of the University of Durham. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...


'Prince Bishops'

Although they were often called Prince Bishops this title was not actually used by any of the office holders and the phrase "The Land of the Prince Bishops" is an invention of the tourist industry. A Prince-Bishop is a bishop who is a territorial prince of the church on account of one or more secular principalities, usually pre-existent nobiliary titles held concurrently with their inherent clerical office. ...


Suffragan bishops

Suffragan bishops were common in the diocese of Durham until the Reformation, as assistants to the vice-regal bishop, as they ensured that episcopal functions continued to be performed while the diocesan bishop was playing his expected part in affairs of state. For instance Bishop Langley was frequently in London and occasionally overseas, because of his office as chancellor (the highest ranking servant of the Crown) to Kings Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI.[2] A suffragan bishop is a bishop subordinate to a metropolitan bishop. ... A viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ... For other uses, see Chancellor (disambiguation). ... Henry IV (3 April 1367 – 20 March 1413) was the King of England and France and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413. ... Henry V of England (16 September 1387 – 31 August 1422) was one of the great warrior kings of the Middle Ages. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ...


Seals

To differentiate his ecclesiastical and civil functions, the Bishops used two or more seals: the traditional almond-shaped seal of a cleric, and the oval seal of a nobleman. They also had a large round seal showing them seated administering justice on one side, and, on the other, armed and mounted on horseback. That design was, and still is, used by monarchs as the Great Seal of the Realm. The Great Seal of the Realm is a British institution by which the monarch can authorise official documents without having to sign each document individually. ...


Coat of arms

As a symbol of his palatine jurisdiction, the Bishop of Durham’s coat of arms was set against a crosier and a sword, instead of two crosiers, and the mitre above the coat of arms was encircled with a coronet, usually of the form known as a ‘crest coronet’ (and which is blazoned as a ‘ducal coronet’ though not actually the coronet of a duke). Although the jurisdiction was surrendered to the Crown in 1836, these heraldic symbols of their former power remain.


Post-Reformation

In 1536 Henry VIII withdrew much of the Prince-Bishop's secular authority. The last pre-Reformation Bishop of Durham, Cuthbert Tunstall, was deprived by Elizabeth I in 1559. “Henry VIII” redirects here. ... Cuthbert Tunstall (or Tonstall) (1474 - November 18, 1559) was an English church leader, twice Bishop of Durham. ... This article is about Elizabeth I of England. ...


Their secular authority was further hedged during and after the English Civil War, and most aspects of it and the Prince-Bishop era were finally ended in the nineteenth century, for example: For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ...

  • the Principality's final abolition in 1836
  • Islandshire, an exclave resulting from the Bishop holding Bedlington, and the shires or parishes of Norham and Holy Island, all south of the River Tweed, and also the Bishop's duty to maintain a major fortress overlooking the Tweed at Norham to check Scottish incursions. This anomaly of county administration was resolved in the late nineteenth century.
  • the creation of the diocese of Newcastle upon Tyne in the nineteenth century which ended their religious leadership for the whole of Northumbria which had survived the eleventh century foundation of Northumberland and the resulting end of their 'secular' leadership in that area.

The Palatinate court system, however, survived until the passage of Courts Act 1971. Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Islandshire is a region in England, centred around Lindisfarne or Holy Island, including many villages on the mainland. ... D is Bs exclave, but is not an enclave. ... Bedlington is a town in Northumberland, to the north of the Tyne and Wear urban area. ... Norham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland. ... Map of the UK showing the location of Lindisfarne at 55. ... The Diocese of Newcastle is a Church of England diocese based in Newcastle upon Tyne, covering the historic county of Northumberland (and therefore including the northern part of Tyne and Wear). ... The Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country. ... The Courts Act 1971 is a UK Act of Parliament reforming and modernising the courts system. ...


People born in Bedlington, or the other parts of old North Durham, still had birth certificates issued with the County Palatine of Durham printed on them, and the North Durham satellite areas governed their areas as Urban District Councils still under the rule of Durham. It was in 1974, the time of the boundary changes, that all of these areas, and other "autonomous" towns connected to Durham, lost their independence. Bedlington became part of Wansbeck District Council.


References

  1. ^ The remainder, to the north of the rivers, became the county of Northumberland, where the political powers of the Bishops of Durham were limited to only certain districts.)
  2. ^ This was noted by Henry VIII who, in 1534, passed the Suffragan Bishops Act listing the places that might be used in providing titles for assistant-bishops appointed as assistants to diocesan bishops in Henry's new Church of England.

For other places with this name, see Northumberland Northumberland is a county in England, on the border with Scotland. ... “Henry VIII” redirects here. ... The Suffragan Bishops Act 1534 was an act of the English Parliament that authorised the appointment of suffragan (i. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

See also

List of Bishops of Durham. ...

External links

Anglican hierarchy in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Anglican Communion

  Results from FactBites:
 
Bishop of Durham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1412 words)
The Bishop of Durham is the officer of the Church of England responsible for the diocese of Durham, one of the oldest in the country.
Suffragan bishops were common in the diocese of Durham until the Reformation, as assistants to the vice-regal bishop, as they ensured that episcopal functions continued to be performed while the diocesan bishop was playing his expected part in affairs of state.
For instance Bishop Langley was frequently in London and occasionally overseas because as chancellor (the highest ranking servant of the Crown) to Kings Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI.
The Bishop of Durham (655 words)
The Bishop of Durham is the fourth most senior Bishop in the Church of England and carries an automatic place in the House of Lords.
Bishop Michael and his wife Brenda are looking forward to being closer to their three children and seven grandchildren in the south of England.
The Bishop of Durham is also the Visitor of the University, in addition to his pastoral and leadership roles in the Church.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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