NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bishopric of Brixen

The bishopric of Brixen (Brixen-Bressanone, in what is now the autonomous province of South Tyrol) is a former independent state of Northern Italy which was created in 1179 and existed until 1803, when it was absorbed into the Habsburg's Holy Roman Empire. Brixen am Eisack (German) or Bressanone (Italian) is a town in the autonomous province of South Tyrol (part of the autonomous region Trentino-South Tyrol) in northern Italy. ... South Tyrol (German and Ladin: SÃ¼dtirol, Italian: Alto Adige; official in German: Autonome Provinz Bozen - SÃ¼dtirol, official in Italian: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, official in Ladin: Provinzia AutonÃ²ma de Balsan - SÃ¼dtirol) is an autonomous province of Italy that belongs to the region of Trentino... Events Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first ghettos for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is... This page is about the Germanic empire. ...

1 History
- 1.1 Middle Ages
- 1.2 The Reformation and the Austrian protectorate
2 See also

History

Middle Ages

The Diocese of Brixen is the continuation of that of Saben (Sabiona), which, according to legend, was founded by St. Cassian. As early as the 3rd century AD Christianity penetrated Sabiona, at that time a Roman custom station of considerable commercial importance. // Overview Events 212: Constitutio Antoniniana grants citizenship to all free Roman men 212-216: Baths of Caracalla 230-232: Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands in the Roman east 235-284: Crisis of the Third Century shakes Roman Empire 250-538: Kofun era, the first...

The first Bishop of Saben vouched for by history is Ingenuin, mentioned about 580, who appears as suffragan of the Patriarch of Aquileia. The tribes who pushed into the territory of the present Diocese of Brixen, during the great migratory movements, especially the Bavarians and Lombards, accepted Christianity at an early date; only the Slavs of the Pusteria Valley (Pustertal) persisted in paganism until the 8th century. In the second half of the 10th century Bishop Rihpert (appointed 967) or Bishop Albuin I (967-1005) had the seat of the diocese, which since 798 has been under the Metropolitan of Salzburg, transferred to Brixen. Events Around this time, the historian Jordanes writes several books. ... List of Bishops and Archbishops of Aquileia. ... Geography Bavaria shares international borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe that entered the late Roman Empire. ... Slav, Slavic or Slavonic can refer to: Slavic peoples Slavic languages Slavic mythology Church Slavonic language Old Church Slavonic language Slavonian can also refer to Slavonia, a region in eastern Croatia. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Events Emperor Reizei ascends to the throne of Japan The Khazar capital of Atil falls to the Kievan Rus around this year Births Deaths Emperor Murakami of Japan Abu al-Faraj Ali of Isfahan, scholar. ... Flag of Salzburg Salzburg (population 145,000 in 2005) is a city in western Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg (population 520,000 in 2003). ...

Bishop Hartwig (1020-39) raised Brixen to the rank of a city, and surrounded it with fortifications. The diocese received many grants from the German emperors: thus from Conrad II in 1027 the Norital, from Henry IV in 1091 the Pustertal. In 1179 Frederick I conferred on the bishop the title and dignity of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. This accounts for the fact that during the difficulties between the papacy and the Empire, the Bishops of Brixen generally took the part of the emperors. Particularly notorious is the case of Altwin, during whose episcopate (1049-1091) the ill-famed synod of 1080 was held in Brixen, at which thirty bishops, partisans of the emperor, declared Pope Gregory VII deposed, and set up as antipope the Bishop of Ravenna, with the name of Clement III. Conrad II (c. ... Events March 26 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor. ... HEINRICÂ·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 â€“ August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... Events Third Council of the Lateran condemned Waldensians and Cathars as heretics, institutes a reformation of clerical life, and creates the first ghettos for Jews Afonso I is recognized as the true King of Portugal by Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Castillian monarchy Philip II is... This page is about the Germanic empire. ... Events William I of England, in a letter, reminds the Bishop of Rome that the King of England owes him no allegiance. ... Gregory VII, born Hildebrand (c. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna (c. ...

The temporal power of the diocese soon suffered a marked diminution through the action of the bishops themselves, who bestowed large sections of their territory in fief on temporal lords: as for example, in the 11th century courtships in the Inntal and the Eisacktal (granted to the Counts of Tyrol, and in 1165 territory in the Inntal and the Pustertal to the Counts of Andechs-Meran. The Counts of Tyrol, in particular, who had fallen heir in large part to the territories of the Count of Meran, constantly grew in power. Bishop Bruno (1249-1288) had difficulty in asserting his authority over a section of his territory against the claims of Count Meinhard of Tyrol. Likewise Duke Frederick IV of Austria, who was called the Penniless, compelled the Bishops of Brixen to acknowledge his authority. The dissensions between Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1450-1464), appointed by Pope Nicholas V Bishop of Brixen, and Archduke Sigmund were also unfortunate; the cardinal was made a prisoner, and although the pope placed the diocese under an interdict, Sigmund came out victor in the struggle. As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... The Inn is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. ... The Eisack (ital. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ... Meran (German) / Merano (Italian) is probably best known as a spa in the South Tyrol. ... Frederick the Handsome (born 1286; died January 13, 1330), from the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria as Frederick I and King of the Romans as Frederick (III). ...

The Reformation and the Austrian protectorate

The Reformation was proclaimed in the Diocese of Brixen during the episcopate of Christoph I von Schrofenstein (1509-1521) by German emissaries, like Strauss, Urban Regius, and others. In 1525, under Bishop Georg III of Austria (1525-1539), a peasants' uprising broke out in the vicinity of Brixen, and several monasteries and strongholds were destroyed. The promise of King Ferdinand I, civil ruler of Tyrol, to redress the grievances of the peasants restored tranquility, and at a diet held at Innsbruck, the most important demands of the peasants were acceded to. Although in 1532 these promises were withdrawn, peace remained undisturbed.

Ferdinand I and his son Archduke Ferdinand II, in particular, as civil rulers took active measures against the adherents of the new teachings, chiefly the Anabaptists, who had been secretly propagating their sect; thus they preserved religious unity in the district of Tyrol and the Diocese of Brixen. At this time important services were rendered in safeguarding the Catholic Faith by the Jesuits, Capuchins, Franciscans, and Servites. Chief among the bishops of the period were: Cardinal Andreas of Austria (1591-1600), and Christoph IV von Spaur (1601-1613), who in 1607 founded a seminary for theological students; enlarged the cathedral school, and distinguished himself as a great benefactor of the poor and sick. Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (March 10, 1503 â€“ July 25, 1564) was one of the Habsburg emperors that at various periods during his life ruled over Austria, Germany, Bohemia and Hungary. ... Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (born June 14, 1529 in Linz; died January 24, 1595) was Regent of Tyrol. ... Anabaptists (Greek ana+baptizo re-baptizers, German: WiedertÃ¤ufer) were Christians of the Radical Reformation. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap) is an order of friars in the Roman Catholic Church, the chief and only permanent offshoot of the Franciscans. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ...

The 17th and 18th centuries saw a great reawakening of religious life in the bishopric. Many monasteries were founded, new missions for the cure of souls established, and the religious instruction of the people greatly promoted; in 1677 the University of Innsbruck was founded. The most prominent bishops of this period were: Kaspar Ignaz, Count von Kunigl (1702-47), who founded many benefices for the care of souls, made diocesan visitations, kept a strict watch over the discipline and moral purity of his clergy, introduced missions under Jesuit Fathers, etc.; Leopold, Count von Spaur (1747-1778), who rebuilt the seminary, completed and consecrated the cathedral, and enjoyed the high esteem of Empress Maria Theresa; Joseph Philipp, Count von Spaur (1780-1791), a friend of learning, who, however, in his ecclesiastical policy, leaned towards Josephinism. The Government of Emperor Joseph dealt roughly with church interests; about twenty monasteries of the diocese were suppressed, a general seminary was opened at Innsbruck, and pilgrimages and processions were forbidden. (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Events First performance of Racines tragedy, PhÃ¨dre Sarah Churchill marries John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Battle of Cassel, Philippe I of OrlÃ©ans defeats William of Orange Mary II of England marries William of Orange English Statute of frauds is passed into law Battle of Landskrona Elias... The Leopold-Franzens-Universität, more often simply called University of Innsbruck, is one of the major Austrian universities, offering a broad range of subjects. ...

It was Bishop Franz Karl, Count von Lodron (1791-1828), who was to see the collapse of the temporal power of the bishopric. In 1803 the principality was secularized, and annexed to Austria, and the cathedral chapter dissolved. During the brief rule of Bavaria the greatest despotism was exercised towards the Church; the restoration of Austrian supremacy (1814) improved conditions for the former bishopric territory. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 kmÂ² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown Austrian Emperor, formerly Crown Holy Roman Emperor The Austrian Empire is the name of Austria during the time from 1804 - 1867. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Middle Ages

The Reformation and the Austrian protectorate

See also

History